Virology Lab Safety PDF

# VETO-53 "The good people is good to the people." Veto-53 Teams # Sec 0 Virology ## Lab safety * **Virus** - infectious, very minute agent, obligatory intracellular, either DNA or RNA (never both), ultra filterable, measured by (nm), seen by electron microscope (EM). * viruses aren't expec...

# VETO-53 "The good people is good to the people." Veto-53 Teams # Sec 0 Virology ## Lab safety * **Virus** - infectious, very minute agent, obligatory intracellular, either DNA or RNA (never both), ultra filterable, measured by (nm), seen by electron microscope (EM). * viruses aren't expected. * Viruses are metabolically inert. * **Ques** - Why Antibiotic does not affect viruses? * Most Antibiotics affect bacteria which are extracellular while viruses are obligatory intracellular. * Antibiotics target cell wall/ribosome or any metabolic machinery while viruses lack metabolic machinery. * Why we take Antibiotics when we are affected by viruses? * Because of Secondary bacterial infection. * Primary infection - Virus * **Lab safety** - Safety precautions should be taken in the Lab. * **Aim of Lab safety** - 1. Prevent spread of infections to lab workers. 2. Prevent "Cross contamination" to prevent False results. 3. Prevent "Accidental infection" - (Lab animals, ECE, Tissue culture). 4. Prevent infection to biological materials. (ex. vaccine & serum) 5. Prevent chemical and mechanical injury. 6. Prevent spread of infections from inside to outside (environment) * **Design of virology Lab** - 1. All rooms arranged in one corridor. To prevent cross contamination. 2. Walls from ceramic - easily cleaned and disinfected. 3. Benches from Formika - non flammable, insect & water proof. 4. Source of hot and cold water. 5. Rooms large enough to accommodate 2 persons " 8x10 ft” 6. Lamina Air Flow cabinet / "work station" / "Lamina flow" * All virological procedures done inside it. * It has 2 sterilization methods: * Air filter * UV Lamb 7. Source for distilled water "distellata". 8. Cupboards 9. Fire extinguisher * **Sources of Accidental infections** - 1. Centrifuge 2. Homogenizer 3. Sharps * **Precautions should be taken in Lab** - 1. Entrance should be restricted: * Not allowed for: Young ages, old ages, Pregnants women, corticosteroid persons. * These are all "Immuno compromised persons" 2. Personal Hygiene: * Face mask, Lab coat, Eye Goggles, over head, over shoes * Cut nails, hold back hair, wash hands. 3. Safe use of apparatus: * Balance - important for accurate results. * Centrifuge - cause Accidental infection. * Homogenizer - cut tissues. 4. Safe use of chemicals. 5. Not to eat or speak or smoke. 6. Safe pipetting and dispensing: * Avoid mouth pipetting and use pipette pump. * For large quantities - multi channel. * For small quantities - Automatic micro pipette "Single/Multi" 7. Safe disposal of waste products: * Decontamination then disposition. * **Sharps:** * Metal - exo-forceps, scissors * Glass - pipette, tubes * Plastic - tips * Liquid - PBS, chemicals * **Organic waste product:** * Rat, Lab animal, ECE, Tissue culture. * **Disposal:** * **HAO (Hot air oven)** - 160°C 1h, 180°C 30 min, 200°C 15 min * **Autoclave** - 121°C 20 min, 15 psi "Pressure" * **Inceneration** * Not reuse again. * **Liquids:** * **Heat Stable Liquids:** * Chemicals * PBS * Moised heat "Auto dave" * **Heat Labile Liquids:** * Antibiotics * Serum * Trypsin * Filteration * **Personal Immunization and periodical medical supervision.** * BSL "Bio safety Levels" * There are viruses that aren't transferred/dangerous to humans but others are dangerous/transferable * **Classification of Labs Acc. to virus pathogenisty:** * **BSL I** - not caused Human Diseases * **BSL II** - Mild Human diseases * **BSL III** - Dangerous Human Diseases - Have vaccine - Treatment * **BSL IV** - Lethal Virus - Not have Vaccine - Not have Treatment * **Examples:** * BSL I - LSD v., ILT v., BVD v., FMD v. * BSL II - FMD, NDV, ORF * BSL III - Corona, High Pathogenic Avian Influenze (HPAI), Rabies * BSL IV - HIV, Ebola, new viruses "no treatment" "no vaccine" * **Precautions:** * **BSL I:** All precautions (overhead, overshoes, Lab Coat, gloves, Face mask) * **BSL II:** All prec. + Eye Goggles * **BSL III:** All prec. + Protective + special suits * **BSL IV:** All prec. + Protective + special suits + oxygen source. * **Disinfection**- Reduce microorganisms (M.O) * **Sterilization:** - Kill all microorganisms. * **Chemicals:** * Detol * Phenol * Iodophores * Formalin * Alcohol - Antiseptic * **Physical:** * **Dry heat:** "HAO" - "Hot air oven" * **Moist heat:** - Plastic - Heat Stable Liquids * **Filteration:** - Air - Heat Liable Liquids, ex: protein content. * Serum, Trypsin, Antibiotics. * **"HEPA" filter:** - Air - Surfaces * **Radiation:** - 40 - Surfaces * **Incineration:** - Organic materials ex: lab animal-ECE-TC * **Centrifuges:** * **Ordinary Centrifuge:** * **r/m:** Up to 10000 rpm * **Time:** Up to 30 min * **v.site:** in supernatant * **Tube:** Plastic * **Ultra Centrifuge:** * 10000 - 100000 rpm * Over night/hours * In Sediment * Ultra Centrifuge tube