Biosafety And Equipment PDF

BIOSAFETY sec 1 FA C U LT Y O F B I OT EC H N O LO GY B I O LO GY D E PA R T M E N T PREPARED BY :Dr/ENASS –Dr/Khaled  Learning Objectives At the end of the presentation, participants should understand: Principles of biosafety Biosafety levels in a laboratory Gen...

BIOSAFETY sec 1 FA C U LT Y O F B I OT EC H N O LO GY B I O LO GY D E PA R T M E N T PREPARED BY :Dr/ENASS –Dr/Khaled  Learning Objectives At the end of the presentation, participants should understand: Principles of biosafety Biosafety levels in a laboratory General disinfection principles Biosafety definition  The application of knowledge, techniques and equipment to prevent personal, laboratory and environmental exposure to potentially infectious agents or biohazards. Biosafety defines the containment conditions under which infectious agents can be safely manipulated. The objective of containment is to confine biohazards and to reduce the potential exposure of the laboratory worker, persons outside of the laboratory, and the environment to potentially infectious agents.  To protect the patient Principles of Biosafety the yourself environment  Depends on specimen and analyses required assess lab’s capacity before sending How to select a laboratory Some analyses (e.g. Ebola) performed in few places Depends on transportation options, timing Depends on what capacity available Types of Biological infections in Lab Microbiology : (Bacteria –Pathogenic Fungi ). Biochemistry : by dealing with different chemicals and hazardous material. Hematology: via dealing with blood samples. Pathology : via dealing with causes of diseases. Virology : by dealing with viruses like Covid-19. What is Biocontainment ? It’s the simple definition of the methodology used in laboratories of highly pathogenic organisms or agents (bacteria, viruses, and toxins) and it’s usually applied by isolation in environmentally and biologically secure cabinets or rooms, to prevent accidental infection of workers or release into the surrounding community during scientific research. Classification of Bio-risk  WHO Risk Group 1 (no or low individual and community risk) - A microorganism that is unlikely to cause human disease or animal disease. WHO Risk Group 2 (moderate individual risk, low community risk) - A pathogen that can cause human or animal disease but is unlikely to be a serious hazard to laboratory workers, the community, livestock or the environment. Laboratory The World Health exposures may cause serious infection, but effective treatment and preventative measures are available and the risk of spread of infection is Organization limited. (WHO) defines the WHO Risk Group 3 (high individual risk, low community risk) - A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread risk groups as: from one infected individual to another. Effective treatment and preventive measures are available. WHO Risk Group 4 (high individual and community risk) - A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease and that can be readily transmitted from one individual to another, directly or indirectly. Effective treatment and preventive measures are not usually available.  Risk group classification Effective treatment Risk Group Individual risk Community risk 1 no, low no, low Available Available 2 moderate low 3 high low Available Not Available 4 high high How to make Bio-risk assessment This is a process of evaluating the bio-risk arising from a biohazard, taking into account the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding whether or not the bio-risk is acceptable As defined by Kaplan and Garrick, risk analysis consists of answering three specific questions:  what can happen?  what is the chance that it will happen?  if it happens, what are the consequences?. Biological Hazards Biosafety level 1 (BSL-1) Not known to consequently cause disease in healthy human adults Cause minimal hazards under ordinary conditions of handling To avoid any infectious during dealing with BSL-1 1.Use Mechanical Pipetting devices 2.No Eating, Drinking, Smoking in Lab 3.Minimize splashes and aerosols 4.Decontaminate work surfaces 5.Safe handling of sharps 6.Wash Hands before leaving lab Protective Clothing As you see this doctor wears Face mask Gowns or lab coat Gloves Over head Over shoes Eye goggles Biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) Pathogenic for humans. Unlikely a serious hazard. Treatment and preventive measures available. Limited risk of spread of infection. Materials Handled at BSL 2: 1. Measles Virus, Salmonella, Hepatitis B Virus 2.Human Blood, Tissues and Cell Lines Standard Practices All requirements for BSL 1 plus: 1.Access to laboratory is limited or restricted when work is being conducted 2.Personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic agents 3.Biohazard Sign posted on the door 4.Extreme precautions are taken with contaminated sharp items Biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) Pathogenic, cause serious disease Effective treatment and preventive measures usually available Little person-to-person spread Materials Handled at BSL 3: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, SARS Standard Practices All requirements for BSL 1. 2 plus: 1.Limited lab access 2.Able to wash entire lab 3.Special exhaust ventilation 4.High level of training 5.Personnel receive vaccinations if available 6.Work in Biosafety cabinets This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC. Biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) Required for work with dangerous and exotic agents which pose a high individual risk of aerosol- transmitted laboratory infections and life-threatening disease Lethal, pathogenic agent Readily transmittable Effective treatment and preventive measures not usually available Materials Handled at BSL 4: Ebola Virus Standard Practices All requirements for BSL 3 plus: 1.Class III Biosafety cabinet or positive pressure suits 2.Shower/Change rooms 3.Clothing Autoclaved before laundering 4.Air Locks Disinfection principles Disinfection requirements depend on the experimental work and nature of the agents being handled Before you use any detergent for disinfection process you must :  Use licensed detergents/disinfectants  Follow manufacturers’ recommendations  Wear adequate personal protective equipment  Perform hand hygiene  Apply disinfectant to a large area - wiping, soaking  Avoid aerosolizing specimens while handling Material safety data sheet W H AT D O Y O U K N O W A B O U T MSDS? A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a safety document required that contains data about the physical properties of a particular hazardous substance. Waste types  Infectious waste  Sharp waste  Chemical waste  Radioactive waste  Infectious waste This is pathogenic waste, BSL-2 or BSL-3. This waste must be disinfected before discarding into a red bin. Either autoclave the waste in an autoclave bag or chemically treat the waste. Once the infectious material is neutralized it may be discarded into the red bin. Sharp waste Sharps include needles, syringes, blades, slides, scalpels, pipettes, micropipettes, pipette tips, broken plastic or glassware and other devices capable of cutting or piercing the skin. Contaminated needles shall not be bent, recapped, or removed unless there is no feasible alternative. If required, use a mechanical device or a one handed technique.  Chemical waste A waste label must be placed on the waste container as soon as the first drop of waste is added. Chemical bottles must be rinsed three times Label must be defaced or removed Dispose in the ordinary trash Media and saline bottles may also be disposed this way This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.  Radioactive wastes Must be collected in specific containers then then Bury it according to their activity. Container will have the warning label “Caution Radioactive Material This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA. Laboratories equipment Holder: for Holding of test tubes. Test tubes: for preparation of chemical solutions. Test tube brush: For cleaning of test tubes. Racks : used to hold upright multiple test tubes at the same time. Eppendorf Tubes: for preserving small amount of solutions. 96 well plates : used for analysis , clinical tests , culture. Pipettes and tips : for transporting a measured volume of liquids by using tips Beakers +conical flasks and cylinders+ funnels Measuring tools Petri dish and loops Used in isolation & culturing of microorganisms for studying in laboratories. mortars and pestles Used for manual mixing and grinding of sample Spatula: for mixing ,spread and lifting of material Forceps: for grasping and holding objects water Bath: heating by using water and steam Balance: for weighing samples pH meter:for measuring acidity and alkalinity  Centrifuge: for separation of various component of a liquid solution. Autoclave: for moist sterilization. Incubator: to grow and maintain microbiological & cell culture. Lab oven :for dry sterilization. This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA. Vortex : for mixing of small amount of samples rapidly Hot plates: for heating samples Microscopes +slides and cover Let’s Have Fun  Lab Entry in case you deal with BSL 3 Let’s Have Fun  Lab Exit in case you deal with BSL 3 Student activity at home A)In your notebook talk about biosafety during dealing with one of the following : 1) Covid –19 virus. 2) Ebola Virus. 3) common cold flu virus. 4) when you dealing with carcinogenic material what will you do ? B) In your notebook talk about different types of microscopes with photo attached : Next week INTRODUCTION TO CELL BIOLOGY AND STUDYING OF PROKARYOTES CELL