SCUBA Supervisor PDF

SCUBA Supervisor 1. Normal and max working limits for SCUBA and whose permission do you need for the max limit? 130’/190’ CO Approval 2. When is a small craft required? Small craft are mandatory for diver recovery during open-ocean diving, when diving off of a large platform or when the d...

SCUBA Supervisor 1. Normal and max working limits for SCUBA and whose permission do you need for the max limit? 130’/190’ CO Approval 2. When is a small craft required? Small craft are mandatory for diver recovery during open-ocean diving, when diving off of a large platform or when the diver is untended and may be displaced from dive site, e.g., during a bottom search in a strong current or a long duration swim 3. How often should the tender signal the diver to determine if the diver is all right? 2-3 min 4. Minimum equipment for SCUBA? SCUBA regulator, SCUBA cylinders, Octopus for standby, Pressure gauge, Buoyancy compensator, Knife, Weight as required, Watch, Depth Gauge, Mask, Fins, Standby diver tending line 5. When diving without a reserve, the dive shall be terminated when the cylinder pressure reaches ___500___ psi for a single cylinder or ___250___ psi for twin manifold cylinders. 6. Minimum size SCUBA cylinder that can be used as a primary air source? 50 cubic feet 7. What are the 3 types of life lines? Tending line, buddy line, float line 8. List 3 materials that can be used as life lines? Nylon / Dacron / Polypropylene 9. How long will twin 80’s charged to 2500 psi last at 60 fsw? C = (60) + 33 x (1.4) = 3.95 scfm 33 V = (2500) - (250) x (.399) x (2) = 122 scf 14.7 D = V = (122) = 30 min C (3.95) 10. Minimum size for a lost diver buoy? 11” 11. Minimum length for a circling line? 25’ 12. What NSTM applies to compressed gas handling? 1622 13. What temperature is considered Cold/Hot water diving?  Cold – 37°F Hot – 88°F 14. Explain diving at altitude between sea level and 1000’? No correction for dives up to 300’. 300’-1000’, corrections needed for dives deeper than 145 fsw. 15. Fill in all line pulls From Tender to Diver Searching Signals (Without Circling Line) 1 Pull Are you ok 7 Pulls Go on/off searching signals 2 Pulls Going down 1 Pull Stop and search where you are 3 Pulls Stand by to come up Move away / toward tender 2 Pulls Face umbilical, move right 4 Pulls Come up 3 Pulls Face umbilical, move left 2‑1 Pulls I understand / Talk to me 3‑2 Pulls Ventilate 4 Pulls 4‑3 Pulls Circulate From Diver to Tender Searching Signals (With Circling Line) 1 Pull I am ok / On bottom 7 Pulls Go on/off searching signals 2 Pulls Give slack 1 Pull Stop and search where you are 3 Pulls Take up slack 2 Pulls Move away from weight 4 Pulls Haul me up 3 Pulls Face weight, move right 2‑1 Pulls I understand / Talk to me 4 Pulls Face weight, move left 3‑2 Pulls More air 4‑3 Pulls Less air Special Signals From the Diver Emergency Signals From the Diver 1‑2‑3 Send square 2‑2‑2 Pulls I am fouled and need assistance Pulls mark 3‑3‑3 I am fouled but can clear myself 5 Pulls Send a line Pulls Haul me up immediately 2‑1‑2 Send a slate 4‑4‑4 Pulls Pulls  ALL EMERGENCY SIGNALS SHALL BE ANSWERED AS GIVEN EXCEPT?? 4-4-4 16. What is the max current you can dive SCUBA in? What is required if diving in greater currents? 1 knot maximum. Current greater than 1 knot, the divers must be tended or have a witness float. 17. How long can surface oxygen be tolerated? 12 hours 18. Are planned decompression dive allowed in SCUBA, if so who’s permission do you need? Yes, with CO approval 19. Explain the RNT exception rule? This is most likely to occur when the surface interval between the dives is short. If the table and schedule produces a longer no-decompression time or a shorter decompression time than summing the bottom times and using the deepest depth, the table and schedule with the lesser decompression obligation may be used. 20. What is the max depth you can dive MK-20/AGA in SCUBA Mode? 190’ 21. Is Mediastinal emphysema a pre-requisite for subcutaneous emphysema? Yes 22. When diving off a pier that is 10’ above the water, what additional equipment is needed? Means of extraction 23. What are the pre-requisites and symptoms of barotrauma? G – Gas-filled space R – Rigid walls A – Ambient pressure change V – Vascular penetration E – Enclosed space 24. When charging a SCUBA bottle with a reserve, what position should the reserve be in? Open / Down 25. Fill in the Asymptomatic Omitted Decompression Chart Action Chamber Available No Deepest Surface (Note 2) Chamber Decompression Interval Availabl Stop Omitted (Note 1) e  None Any Observe on surface 1 hour Less than 1 Return to depth of stop. Increase stop time by 1 min min. Resume decompression according to original schedule. SurD (Note 3) 1 to 7 min 20 or 30 fsw Return to depth of TT5 if 2 or fewer stop. Multiply 30 and SurDO2 20 fsw stops by 1.5 Greater than 7 periods min TT6 if more than 2 SurDO2 periods Return to depth of first Deeper stop. Follow the than 30 Any TT6 (Note 4) schedule to 30 fsw. fsw Multiply 30 and 20 fsw stops by 1.5 Notes: 1. For SurD, surface interval is the time from leaving stop to arriving at depth in the chamber. 2. Using a chamber is strongly preferred over in-water recompression. Compress as fast as possible not to exceed 100 fsw/min. 3. For surface intervals greater than 5 minutes but less than or equal to 7 minutes, increase O2 time at 50 fsw from 15 to 30 min. 4. If a diver missed a stop deeper than 50 fsw, compress to 165 fsw and start TT6A. 26. An adult at rest normally has a respiratory rate of approximately __12__to __16__breaths per minute. 27. How many liters of blood does the human body have? 5 28. Treatment of a pulseless diver from the water to turnover with higher care (be specific)? CPR must begin immediately and an AED should be placed on the victim as soon as possible. All efforts should be made to immediately transport the patient to the highest level of medical care available while continuing basic life support measures (BLS) measures. If the pulseless diver regains vital signs continue transport to the nearest critical care facility prior to recompression. 29. Symptoms of CO2 poisoning? Increased/labored breathing Headache Confusion Unconsciousness 30. Most common type of barotrauma? Middle Ear Squeeze 31. When are hydrostatic tests and VIPS on SCUBA bottles required? Hydro – 5 yrs VIPS – 1 yr 32. Symptoms of hypoxia? Confusion Loss of coordination Dizziness Convulsion Unconsciousness 33. List six symptoms of AGE? Difficulty thinking Nausea/vomiting Bloody sputum Loss of bodily functions Loss of coordination Numbness 34. What are the 2 types of vertigo, and what diving disorders fall under those types of vertigo? Alternobaric – inner ear barotrauma Caloric – can be from TM rupture 35. When are air samples required? 6 months, suspected contamination, system overhaul 36. What 2 cranial nerves are usually not tested? Olfactory, Glossopharyngeal 37. Can you as a SCUBA Supervisor conduct breath hold dives? If so, how? No, you are the supervisor 38. Charging rates for SCUBA bottles? Dry – 200 psi/min Wet – 400 psi/min 39. The diver shall remain within under the direct observation of the Dive Supervisor, or a competent representative, for __10__ minutes post dive and within __30__ minutes’ drive of the diving unit for at least __2__hours. 40. What is the single greatest safety practice in SCUBA diving? Buddy pair 41. For use of a VVDS during diving, what are the necessary requirements? If not using a secondary bottle to inflate the VVDS how many scf should you account for in your air calculations? Divers are trained and familiar with operation of suit. Inlet/Exhaust Valves. 42. What are the 4 SCUBA EP’S that a SCUBA Supervisor must brief before a dive? Loss of air Lost diver Trapped diver Unconscious diver 43. For treatment of an unconscious drowning victim, in water rescue requires you to provide __5__ rescue breaths if the victim is not breathing then __1__ breaths every __6 seconds__ 44. What are the symptoms of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning? What is the Treatment of CO Poisoning? Headache Dizziness Confusion Nausea Vomiting Tightness across forehead Fresh air, O2, HBO therapy. Severe carbon monoxide poisoning is Treatment Table 6. 45. When diving on a vessel at night, what lights must be displayed on the mast? Red over white over red 46. When it is determined that the sea suction is maintaining a suction of 50 gpm or more and is less than 50 feet, who can approve this dive? Commanding Officers of both the divers and the ship 47. What are the recompression chamber levels? Level I – 5 min (7 with CO approval) Level II – 1 hr Level III – 6 hrs 48. Symptoms of Nitrogen Narcosis Loss of judgment False feeling of well-being Lack of concern for safety Apparent stupidity Inappropriate laughter Tingling/numbness 49. What is the emergency equipment, medical and non-medical required for a dive side (be specific)? Lost diver buoy w/ clump H board (25’) Diver recall  First aid kit O2 w/ BVM Comms AED Backboard Extraction line 50. What are the Symptoms of Type I DCS? Explain how you differentiate between Type I DCS and mechanical injury and the treatment for both (be specific). DCS Type I – Pain, Marbling, Swelling – Recompression DCS can be described as a deep/dull ache that does not change with manipulation. Mechanical injury – First aid/Hospital 2. Explain the air requirements (i.e. required SCF) for standby and working divers. a. Standby: Below 60 FSW, need at least 100 SCF of air. (Pg. 6-26) b. Working diver: Below 100 FSW, need 100 SCF of air. (Pg. 6-26) 3. How many PSI do single aluminum 100’s need to achieve 100 SCF of air? a. To be safe, 3300 PSI (exact is 3127 PSI; FV for Al 100’s =.470) 4. Whose permission is required to dive below the SCUBA normal working depth? Max working depth? a. Normal working depth: CO or OIC (pg. 6-25) b. Max working depth: CNO 5. Are decompression dives authorized in SCUBA? If so, whose permission is needed? a. Yes; need CO or OIC permission. (pg. 6-25) 6. What are the additional requirements for planned decompression dives below 130 FSW? a. A certified chamber within :30 is required. (pg. 6-25) 7. What are the minimum manning levels and roles for a dive side with a single diver? Buddy pair? a. Single diver: 4 personnel (diver, tender, standby, sup) (pg. 6-31) b. Buddy pair: 4 personnel (divers, standby, and sup) (pg. 6-31) 8. Is enclosed space diving authorized in SCUBA? a. No (pg. 6-27) 10. What is the difference between a K valve and a J valve? What is required when using a K valve? a. A J valve is a “reserve” system; a K valve is not. b. A submersible pressure gauge is required when diving with a K valve. (pg. 7-6) 12. When are tending lines required for SCUBA? a. When direct access to the surface is not available (pg. 7-12/7-13) 13. What are the three types of tending lines? Describe the characteristics of a good tending line. a. Tending lines (used by surface tender), float lines, and buddy lines/distance lines b. Neutrally or slightly positively buoyant, strong. Nylon, manila, and dacron are suitable materials. 14. What is the difference between a buddy line and a distance line? When is a buddy/distance line required? a. Buddy lines are 6-10 feet long (pg. 7-13); distance lines are 11-81 feet long. (pg. 17-12) b. At night or in poor visibility (pg. 7-13) 15. What should be covered in a predive brief? a. Dive objectives, time and depth limits, assignments, techniques and tools, phases of the dive, route to work site, special signals, conditions, hazards, emergency procedures (pg. 7-24) 17. What is required when using externally powered tools in SCUBA? a. Voice communications with the dive supervisor (pg. 7-37) 18. What is your COA for a delay >1 minute, deeper than 50 FSW? Shallower than 50 FSW? a. Deeper than 50: round up delay to nearest minute, add to BT, and recompute T/S. (pg. 9-32) b. Shallower than 50: round up delay to nearest minute, add to first decompression stop. 19. What is hypoxia? What are the symptoms? What is the treatment? a. Oxygen deficiency; symptoms include lack of concentration, lack of muscle control, drowsiness, weakness, agitation, euphoria, loss of consciousness; treat with 100% O2 on the surface. 20. What are the symptoms and treatment for CO poisoning? Why is it so dangerous? Causes? Additional dive supervisor actions? a. Tightness across the forehead, headache, nausea, bad taste in mouth, vomiting, confusion, dizziness, loss of consciousness; give 100% O2 on the surface, transport to chamber (dive manual recommends recompression as definitive treatment but it’s DMO’s discretion). b. Dangerous because it may be inconspicuous until the diver begins to ascend; rapid onset. c. Caused by jamming close to exhaust, or failure of oil-lubricated compressor. d. Segregate equipment; notify command/group to secure all diving operations until the source of bad air can be determined. 21. What are the 4 types of POIS? a. AGE, Mediastinal Emphysema, Subcutaneous Emphysema, and Pneumothorax (tension and simple) 22. What are the symptoms for mediastinal emphysema? Treatment? a. Mild to moderate pain under the breastbone described as a feeling of tightness or dull ache, may worsen upon inspiration or coughing. Pain may radiate to shoulder or neck. b. Treat with 100% O2 on the surface and transport to chamber for possible shallow  recompression. 23. What are the symptoms for subcutaneous emphysema? Treatment? a. Crepitation (“rice crispies”) around the neck, voice change, difficulty swallowing, feeling of fullness around the neck. b. Treat with 100% O2 on the surface, transport to chamber for possible shallow recompression. 24. What are the symptoms of pneumothorax? Treatment? a. Sharp unilateral pain in chest, shoulder, or upper back, diver guards one side, rapid and shallow breathing, pale complexion, may get worse with each successive breath (tension pneumothorax). b. 100% O2 on the surface, neuro to check for co-existence of AGE, transport to chamber/ take direction from DMO. If you decide to press someone, the inside tender had better be able to perform a needle decompression. Mild pneumothorax can be treated with 100% O2 only. 25. What are the symptoms of type I DCS? Treatment? a. Pain (dull ache, may or may not worsen on movement), marbling (cutis marmorata), and swelling of the lymph nodes. b. Treat with 100% O2 on the surface, and except for rashes, transport to the chamber (rash alone does not require recompression IAW the dive manual). 26. What are the symptoms of Type II DCS? Treatment? a. Neurological symptoms (Numbness, paresthesia (pins and needles), decreased sensation, muscle weakness, paralysis, mental status changes, motor skills change), bilaterial pain (indicates possible spinal involvement), chokes (bubbles in the lungs causing pain and breathing difficulty), and staggers (inner ear problems). (20-3.4) b. 100% O2, transport to chamber, initial treatment depth 60 feet. 27. What are the direct and indirect bubble effects? a. Direct: stationary (autochthonous, pronounced uhh-talk-thuh-nous) bubbles can exert direct pressure on a nerve, stretch and tear tissue. Circulating bubbles can block a vein or artery, or restrict blood flow in the lungs leading to fluid buildup (pulmonary edema). (pg. 3-50) b. Indirect: the body recognizes the bubble as a foreign object (like a splinter) and attacks it, causing “leaky” blood vessels (leading to thickened blood), 28. Explain the RNT exception rule. a. In some cases (especially where the SI is short), the RNT from the usual process may be longer than needed to provide adequate decompression time for repet dives. After determining the RNT in the usual fashion, sum the bottom times of the two dives, and calculate the decompression obligation using the deeper of the two depths. If this method produces a lesser decompression obligation, it may be used. 29. What is the treatment for near drowning? a. Assess ABCs (airway, breathing, and circulation), give rescue breaths, 100% O2, transport to hospital as soon as possible for follow-on care and chest x-ray. (pg. 3-19) 30. What are the rules for diving around active known and unknown SONAR in SCUBA? a. Unknown: If unhooded: start at 1000 yds and approach to diver comfort; if hooded: start at 600 yds and approach to diver comfort. b. Known: use table 1A-1 in Appendix 1A. (Appendix 1A) 31. When is a dedicated chase boat required? a. Open water, the possibility of displacement, or lack of easy recovery (like from a ship) (6-7.7) 32. What are the part of a neurological exam? a. Mental status, coordination, motor skills, cranial nerves, sensory sweeps, deep tendon reflexes. 33. What is the correct way to transport a stricken diver to a chamber? a. Supine, breathing 100% O2 if appropriate and available. (20-4.4.1 and 20-4.4.1.1) b. Secured and monitored continuously for signs of a blocked airway, cessation of breathing, cardiac arrest, or shock. Keep patient warm or cool, depending on conditions. 34. What actions are required when diving on a ship in a nest? a. All adjacent ship’s CDO/CO’s must be notified, and any systems on adjacent ships that could harm divers (like SONAR) must be tagged out. (pg 6-19) 35. What are the rules for variations in the rate of ascent? Descent? a. Ascent: 30 feet/min, range is 20-40 feet/min (+/- 10). If the rate is exceeded, stop and let the watches catch up, then continue. (Pg. 9-11) b. Descent: 75 feet/min, no rules for too fast of a descent, just avoid squeezes. 39. What is hypercapnia, what are two causes of it, what are 4 symptoms, and what is treatment? a. Hypercapnia is CO2 poisoning (excess CO2) b. Caused by inadequate rig ventilation for exertion level; skip breathing; c. Unconsciousness, labored breathing, shortness of breath, euphoria, confusion, drowsiness d. Decrease level of exertion; stop skip breathing; switch to alternate breathing source. 40. What are 4 causes of vertigo while diving? What is the difference between transient and persistent? a. Temperature change (caloric vertigo), pressure change (alternobaric vertigo), AGE, DCS Type II (staggers), inner ear barotrauma. b. Transient: exists for 1 minute. 42. What is the ratio of compressions to rescue breaths per minute? a. 30 chest compressions/2 rescue breaths at a rate of 100 compressions/minute (Red Cross). 43. What is the latest Diving Safety Advisory (AIG 239) and topic? a. Changes. See OOC secure for latest SCUBA-related AIG 239. 44. What are the most common sites for DCS Type I pain? a. Shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, knee, and ankle--essentially the extremity joints (20-3.2.1) 45. What is maximum current for SCUBA operations? What is required for faster currents? a. 1 knot; >1 knot ORM analysis is required, tending line or witness float at minimum (Figure 6-23) 46. What are all the rules for diving around active sea suctions? a. >50 gallons/min (gpm) diver must stay 50 feet away unless authorized by CO of vessel and repair facility for an emergency repair. b. 90 minutes, or SurDO2 with a chamber O2 times >120 minutes. (9-11) CNO must approve all planned EE dives. (9-11) 138. What are the categories of contaminated water diving and the requirements for each? Which can EOD dive in? Where can you go for more information? Category 1: Grossly contaminated water with extreme risk of injury (even death) to unprotected divers. Divers must be fully encapsulated with surface exhaust or positive pressure free flow helmet. Category 2: Heavily contaminated water with a high risk of injury to unprotected divers.  Divers must be fully encapsulated (helmet can exhaust to water). Category 3: Moderately contaminated water with some risk of injury, especially if ingested. Need full face mask. Category 4: Baseline contamination levels. No additional requirements. EOD can dive Cat 3 & 4. SUPSALV has a pub on contaminated water diving. 139. What documentation/notifications are required at MU12 before going diving? ORM Matrix (form 3500/54), sailing list, notify duty chamber. 140. A diver overinflates his BC on ascent from 60’ and ascends uncontrolled to the surface. No symptoms are visible. Explain how you would respond. Recover the diver and promptly begin a neuro, without O2 so symptoms aren’t masked. If no symptoms observe for 60 minutes and complete another neuro to confirm the results. Stop diving and motor back to the pier in case diver gets symptoms. Counsel the diver on BC discipline and consider a suspension from diving or pool training on proper BC techniques. 141. A diver takes 4:50 to ascend from 80 FSW to 50 FSW. What is your course of action? The diver’s delay was 3:50. Rounding to the nearest minute, this is a 4 minute delay. Add 4 minutes to the diver’s bottom time and re-compute T/S, taking action as necessary. 143. What is the diving reflex? Sudden exposure of the face to cold water or immersion of the whole body in cold water that causes the slowing of heart rate and intense constriction of peripheral blood vessels. (3-10.3.2) 144. A diver takes 3:20 to ascend from 40 FSW to 20 FSW. Diver is on a “no-d” profile. What is your course of action? Diver’s delay was 2:40. Rounding to the nearest minute we get 3 minutes. But since there are no d-stops we disregard and diver continues ascent to the surface. 145. What is an accident? Incident? Big navy mishap pub? Accident: unexpected event that hurts or kills someone, or causes loss or serious damage to equipment. (5-10) Incident: Unexpected event that degrades safety and increases the probability of an accident. OPNAVINST 5102.1D 146. What is stamped onto SCUBA cylinders? Serial number, pressure, inspector’s (VIP) stamp, hydrostatic test date. 148. How do you determine thermal protection required for a dive? At what water temperature is thermal protection usually required? Dive manual Table 6-11; 80 F. 150. What are the 4 things that must be briefed before every dive? 4 EPs: loss of air, lost diver, unconscious diver, trapped diver. 152. When would you use in-water recompression? Almost never: if symptoms are mild, wait. If extreme, they shouldn’t be in the water. Should be considered a last resort, used when a chamber cannot be reached within 12-24 hours. (20.4.2.2) 153. What diving mishaps/incidents require mishap reports? How are they reported? Those involving CNS, O2 toxicity, POIS, or hyperbaric treatment. Also any Class A, B, or C incident. Through AFSAS / WESS 154. What are the classes of mishaps? (OPNAVINST 5102.1D section 2002) Class A: Damage >$2 million; injury or occupational illness resulting in near or actual fatality Class B: Damage >$500k but $50k but