Tourism Organizations and Bodies PDF

Tourism Organizations and Bodies Dr/ Khaled soliman Abd Elhalim The Growth of International Organizations 1- The Congress of Vienna The First international organizations as institution started to emerge after the two historic events in Europe. They were the French revolution and the industrial...

Tourism Organizations and Bodies Dr/ Khaled soliman Abd Elhalim The Growth of International Organizations 1- The Congress of Vienna The First international organizations as institution started to emerge after the two historic events in Europe. They were the French revolution and the industrial revolution. In 1814 was the first quasi-international organisation was the Congress of Vienna, which convened after the war between France and the status quo powers Austria, Prussia, Russia and England. The Congress was the first occasion in history where on a continental scale, national representatives came together to formulate treaties instead of relying mostly on messages between the several capitals. 2- International commissions The Commissions of the Danube River were authorized by the Treaty of Paris (1856). The Danube Commission is concerned with the maintenance and improvement of navigation conditions of the Danube River, from its source in Germany to its outlets in Romania and Ukraine. 3- Administrative unions, International Telegraph Union was founded in 1865. And the Universal Postal Union Established in 1874. 4- The League of Nations It was founded on 10 January 1920 The League of Nations was an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes. Its main objective is to "prevent war, and to promote peace and co-operation. 5- The United Nations The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945.The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked with maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations, achieving international co-operation, and being a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. It was established after World War II, with the aim of preventing future wars, and succeeded the ineffective League of Nations Defining International Organizations Here are some definitions: 1- "An international organization can be defined as a formal, continuous structure established by agreement between members from two or more sovereign states with the aim of pursuing the common interests of the membership. 2- An international organization can be defined as "any organization established by conventions and treaties between two or more States in a different area of work to practise some tasks and functions defined by these conventions and treaties.. International organizations always seek, directly or indirectly, to achieve peace among countries. 3- International Organizations are legal persons whose activities are governed by law, including obligations under general rules of international law under their constitutions and under international agreements. The Elements of international organization 1- International The term international means interactions among the international actors, or the relations between the nation-states 2- Legal International organizations are set up by a formal constitution, which is generally an agreement or treaty among the member states. The legal document lay down the formal status of the organization, showing the aims, rules, conditions, organs, and so on. 3-An independent personality International organization is an international entity having its own individual characteristics, capable of expressing its own will and whose role is to perform certain functions of international importance. The international organizations gain an independent personality. They are free and distinct from the members. 4-Organizing An organizational structure that defines its general form and main activities to achieve the general objectives. 5- Continuity The activity of the international organization is continuous and not temporary. Classification of International Organizations First: By Geographic Coverage 1- Global Organizations This is type of organization which draws its members from all over the world and membership is open to all. They generally open to nations worldwide as long as certain criteria and all requirements set are met. This category includes the United Nations (UN) and its specialized agencies, Universal Postal Union, World Trade Organization, World Custom Organization, International Monetary Fund and World Bank. 2- Regional Organizations These are organizations formed by member states who are strategically located in same geographic block. Examples of ROs include: the African Union (AU), European Union (EU), the Organization of American States (OAS), the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), the Arab League, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (SEAN) 3- Local organization means an organization whose activities are limited to this state or to a specific geographical area within this state Ex: The Egyptian Organization for Human Rights (EOHR). Second: According to their Functions General Organizations These are organizations that have competence in a wide range of topics i.e. political, economic, social, cultural, security among others. Examples; the United Nations , African Union Specialized Organizations These organs share the characteristic of specializing only in one function Examples: Food and Agriculture Organ(FAO), World Health Organization(WHO)  Third: Membership Governmental Organizations These are organizations that are made up primarily of sovereign states ( member states). Nongovernmental Organizations as a “not-for-profit, voluntary citizen‟s group, which is organized on international level to address issues in support of the public good. Examples of International NGOs includes; Oxfam, CARE International. IGO Functions Informational: gathering, analyzing, and disseminating Data. Forum: providing place for exchange of views and decision making. Rule-creating: drafting legally binding treaties. Rule-supervisory: monitoring compliance with rules, settling disputes, taking enforcement measures. Operational: allocating resources, providing technical assistance and relief, deploying forces.  United Nation Organization Overview The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945. It is currently made up of 193 Member States. The mission and work of the United Nations are guided by the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter. The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 51 countries. Membership - Membership in the Organization, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, “is open to all peace-loving States that accept the obligations contained in the United Nations Charter. - States are admitted to membership in the United Nations by decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. Headquarters: United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The UN has 5 main purposes 1- Maintain international Peace and Security The UN does this by working to prevent conflict; helping parties in peacekeeping; and creating the conditions to allow peace to hold and flourish.. The UN Security Council has the primary responsibility for international peace and security. 2- Protect Human Rights The term “human rights” was mentioned seven times in the UN's founding Charter, making the promotion and protection of human rights a key purpose and guiding principle of the Organization. 3- Promote Sustainable Development The global understanding of development has changed over the years, and countries now have agreed that sustainable development – development that promotes prosperity and economic opportunity, greater social well-being, and protection of the environment. 4- Deliver Humanitarian Aid The Organization is now relied upon by the international community to coordinate humanitarian relief operations due to natural and man-made disasters in areas beyond the relief capacity of national authorities alone. ( Helping refugees- Helping Children- Feeding the Hungry- Healing the Sick). What key UN entities deliver humanitarian aid? Four UN entities, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Food Programme (WFP) have primary roles in the delivery of relief assistance 5- Uphold International Law The Structure of the United Nations (Main Bodies) 1- General Assembly The General Assembly occupies a central position as the chief, policymaking and representative organ of the United Nations. All 193 Member States of the Organization are represented in the General Assembly - to discuss and work together on a wide of international issues covered by the Charter of the United Nations, such as development, peace and security, international law, etc. Every year in September, all the Members meet in this unique forum at Headquarters in New York for the General Assembly session. 2- Security Council The Security Council has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. The Council is composed of 15 Members: Five permanent members: China, France, Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and ten non- permanent members elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly. 3- The Economic and Social Council The Economic and Social Council is at the heart of the United Nations system to advance the three dimensions of sustainable development – economic, social and environmental. 4- Trusteeship Council Under the Charter, the Trusteeship Council is authorized to examine and discuss reports from the Administering Authority on the political, economic, social and educational advancement in Trust Territories 5- The International Court of Justice The seat of the Court is at the Peace Palace in (Netherlands). The Court‟s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies. 6- Secretary-General The Charter describes the Secretary-General as "chief administrative officer" of the Organization, he performs "such other functions as are entrusted" to him by the Security Council, General Assembly, Economic and Social Council and other United Nations organs. António Guterres, the ninth Secretary-General of the United Nations, took office on 1st January 2017. UN family Funds , Programmes,Specialized Agencies and Others The UN system, also known unofficially as the "UN family", is made up of the UN itself and many programmes, funds, and specialized agencies. Funds and Programmes Examples UNDP United Nations Development Programme Helping to eradicate poverty, so countries can sustain progress UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNEP acts as a catalyst, advocate, educator and facilitator to promote the wise use and sustainable development of the global environment. WFP World Food Programme It aims to eradicate hunger and malnutrition. It is the world‟s largest humanitarian agency. Every year, the programme feeds almost 80 million people in around 75 countries. UN Specialized Agencies The UN specialized agencies are autonomous organizations working with the United Nations. All were brought into relationship with the UN through negotiated agreements. Some existed before the First World War. Some were associated with the League of Nations. Others were created almost simultaneously with the UN. Others were created by the UN to meet emerging needs. Examples Organization Abbreviation FAO Food and Agriculture Organization ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNWTO World Tourism Organization WHO World Health Organization UPU Universal Postal Union ILO International Labor Organization IMF International Monetary Fund Other Entities and Bodies UNRWA The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees has contributed to the welfare and human development of the generations of Palestine refugees. It‟s services encompass education, health care, relief and social services, camp infrastructure and improvement, microfinance and emergency assistance, including in times of armed conflict. Official Languages There are six official languages of the UN. These are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish.  United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization What is UNESCO? UNESCO is the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It seeks to build peace through international cooperation in Education, the Sciences and Culture. It was founded in 1945. UNESCO Constitution Since wars begin in the minds of men and women, it is in the minds of men and women that the defences of peace must be constructed Location : Paris Director-General, Audrey Azoulay. What The UNESCO do ? First : Education Education transforms lives and is at the heart of UNESCO‟s mission, Its work encompasses educational development from pre-school to higher education through: Right to education Education in emergencies Literacy Education and gender equality UNESCO literacy projects: Capacity Development for Education (CapED) is one of UNESCO‟s main capacity development programmes for literacy. Second: Preserving Cultural Heritage Illicit underwater Intangible World Culture in Trafficking of Cultural cultural Heritage Emergencies Cultural Heritage heritage Property World Heritage sites According the UNESCO‟s official website: The current list of World Heritage Sites includes 1,199 properties as of 2023.These sites include (933 cultural, 227 natural, and 39 mixed properties) exist across 167 countries. Italy is ranked number 1, with 59 sites, , followed by China (57) , France (52) , Spain (50). Examples of World Heritage List Site Location Criteria Year Great Barrier Reef Australia Natural 1981 The Great Wall China cultural  Abu Mena Egypt cultural 1979  Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis Egypt cultural 1979  Historic Cairo Egypt cultural 1979  Memphis and its Necropolis – the Egypt cultural 1979 Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur  Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel Egypt cultural 1979 to Philae  Saint Catherine Area Egypt cultural 2002  Wadi Al-Hitan (Whale Valley Egypt Natural 2005 Taj Mahal India cultural 1983 Wadi Rum Protected Area Jordan Mixed 2005 Kakadu National Park Australia Mixed 1981 Al-Hijr Archaeological Site (Madâin Sâlih) Saudi Arabia cultural 2008 World Heritage in Danger Armed conflict and war, earthquakes and other natural disasters, pollution, poaching, uncontrolled urbanization and unchecked tourist development pose major problems to World Heritage sites. The 53 properties which the World Heritage Committee has decided to include on the List of World Heritage in danger in accordance with Article 11 (4) of the Convention. Examples : Abu Mena Egypt Hebron/Al-Khalil Old Town Palestine Ancient City of Damascus Syrian Arab Republic. The rescue of The Temple of Abu Simble The event that aroused particular international concern was the decision to build the Aswan High Dam in Egypt, which would have flooded the valley containing the Abu Simbel temples , a treasure of ancient Egyptian civilization. In 1959, after an appeal from the government of Egypt, UNESCO launched an international safeguarding campaign. Archaeological research in the areas to be flooded was accelerated. Above all, the Abu Simbel and Philae temples were dismantled, moved to dry ground and reassembled. Third: Social and Human Sciences UNESCO continues to accomplish every day its fundamental humanist mission to support people in understanding each other and working together to build lasting peace through: - Intercultural Dialogue. -Sport and Anti-doping. - Culture of Peace and Non-Violence Programme. - democracy and global citizenship. -Fight against Discrimination. Fourth: Natural science (Geology, Ecosystems and Biodiversity, Earth Sciences , …). Fifth: Communication and Information.  WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION (UNWTO) Did you know that the United Nations has an agency devoted to promoting sustainable, responsible, and universally accessible tourism? That's right. It's called the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). a United Nations specialized agency, is the leading international organization in the field of tourism. The main purpose of this organization is to encourage and promote tourism as a means to encourage economic growth, inclusive development (taking the poor into consideration), and environmental sustainability. Establishment history Headquarter The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), based in Madrid, Spain. Membership UNWTO‟s membership includes 160 countries, 6 Associate Members and over 500 Affiliate Members. The Affiliate Members are companies (public or private), organizations, destinations, NGOs, educational institutions or bodies whose activities are related to tourism. For example, members belong to airlines, travel agencies, destination promotion agencies, hotel groups, universities, business schools, trade unions, IT companies, specialized training centers and businesses involved in services, environmental research and sustainability. UNWTO Secretary-General : (Zurab Pololikashvili) is Secretary-General of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) since 1 January 2018. What does the World Tourism organization do? SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM Code of Ethics for FOSTERING Tourism KNOWLEDGE Accessible Tourism 1- Sustainable development tourism (Tourism and climate change- Tourism and biodiversity- Hotel Energy Solutions) 2- Global Code of Ethics for Tourism (GCET) This organization has also implemented a global code of ethics for tourism to help minimize its possible negative effects and maximize its potential benefits such as economic ones (GCET) is a comprehensive set of principles designed to guide key-players in tourism development. Addressed to governments, the travel industry, communities and tourists alike, it aims to help maximise the sector‟s benefits while minimising its potentially negative impact on the environment, cultural heritage and societies across the globe. The Code of ethics (10 principles) Article 1: Tourism's contribution to mutual understanding and respect between peoples and societies. Article 2: Tourism as a vehicle for individual and collective fulfillment. Article 3: Tourism, a factor of sustainable development. Article 4: Tourism, a user of the cultural heritage of mankind and contributor to its enhancement. Article 5: Tourism, a beneficial activity for host countries and communities. Article 6: Obligations of stakeholders in tourism development. Article 7: Right to tourism. Article 8: Liberty of tourist movements. Article 9: Rights of the workers and entrepreneurs in the tourism industry. Article 10: Implementation of the principles of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism. C Go to Tourism for SDGs Platform UNWTO is responsible for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism geared towards the achievement of the universal 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). 3- Accessible Tourism Accessible Tourism” (also known as “Access Tourism”, “Universal Tourism”, ““Inclusive Tourism and in some countries such as in Japan “Barrier-free Tourism”) is tourism and travel that is accessible to all people, with disabilities or not , including those with mobility, hearing, sight, cognitive, or intellectual and psychosocial disabilities, older persons and those with temporary disabilities". According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 15% of the world’s population (1 billion people) is estimated to live with some form of disability. UNWTO is convinced that accessibility for all to tourist facilities, products, and services should be a central part of any responsible and sustainable tourist policy. 4- Fostering Knowledge a- UNWTO Academy : It is the operative arm of UNWTO for implementing the UNWTO work programme on Education and Training b- UNWTO.TedQual: Quality Certification System for Education and Training Programmes in Tourism UNWTO.TedQual is a UNWTO.Themis Foundation programme whose main objective is to improve the quality of the tourism education, training and research programmes. For this purpose, evaluation criteria– universally applicable to any institution – have been defined to seek, among other things, to measure the efficiency of their academic system, as well as their degree of incorporation of the tourism industry and students needs to those programmes Examples of Tourism Education Programmes that have been awarded the UNWTO. TedQual Certification College of Arts and Social sciences , Department of Tourism, Oman Sultan Qaboos University Ammon Applied University College of Hospitality and Jordan Tourism Education , Hotel Management Higher Institute for Tourism & Hospitality Kingdom of Saudi Arabia  Hotel Management Diploma  Tourism Management Diploma Jizan & Baha) United Nations World Tourism Organization – Roles & Responsibilities (Functions of UNWTO) The UNWTO is a specialized agency of the United Nations that works in the domain of tourism. Its roles and responsibilities are mentioned below: 1- Promotes sustainable, responsible and universally accessible tourism 2- Promotes tourism as a driver of economic growth, inclusive development and environmental sustainability and offers leadership and support to the sector in advancing knowledge and tourism policies worldwide. 3- Special attention towards the development of sustainable tourism in Small Island Developing States 4- Promotes competitiveness in the tourism industry worldwide 5- Works towards aiding the tourism industry contribute towards the eradication of poverty. 6- Generates market knowledge 7- Works to make tourism an effective tool for development through technical assistance projects in over 100 countries around the world. 8- Fosters tourism education and training 9- Consulting Unit on Tourism and Biodiversity which provides consulting services on request of member states on various issues related to bio- diversity as part of sustainable development of tourism 10- Develops statistical measurement. The fundamental aim of the organization is the promotion and development of tourism with a view to contributing to economic development, international understanding, peace, prosperity and universal respect, and observance of human rights and fundamental freedom for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion. Main Bodies of the UNWTO ( Structure) GENERAL ASSEMBLY The General Assembly is the main gathering of the World Tourism Organization. It meets every two years to approve the budget, the work programme and discuss issues of vital importance to the tourism sector. Every four years it elects a Secretary-General. It is composed of full members and associate members.. EXECUTIVE COUNCIL. The Executive Council is responsible for ensuring that the Organization carries out its work and complies with the budget. The Executive Council is responsible for taking the necessary measures, in consultation with the Secretary-General, to implement its own decisions and the recommendations of the General Assembly. It meets at least twice a year and is composed of members elected by the General Assembly. REGIONAL COMMISSIONS There are six Regional Commissions (Africa, Americas, East Asia and the Pacific, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East) which meet at least once a year. These meetings allow Member States to maintain contact with each other and with the Secretariat between sessions of the General Assembly, at which they present their proposals and voice their concerns. Each Regional Commission is composed of all full members and all associate members of its region. COMMITTEES The specialised committees are subsidiary bodies of the Executive Council, and issues opinions on the management and content of the programme. Secretariat World Tourism Day (WTD)  World Tourism Day is commemorated each year on 27 September, with celebrations led by UNWTO. Its purpose is to foster awareness among the global community of tourism‟s social, cultural, political and economic value.  The theme for 2011 was “Linking Cultures: Themes Themes of World Tourism Day over some years Location Year Theme India World Tourism Day 2019 Tourism and Jobs: A better Future for All World Tourism Day 2018 Tourism and the digital transformation Hungary Qatar World Tourism Day 2017 Sustainable tourism atool for development Thailand World Tourism Day 2016 Promoting Universal Accessibilit Egypt World Tourism Day 2011 Linking Cultures Projects Hotel Energy Solutions Hotel Energy Solutions (HES) is a UNWTO- initiated project in collaboration with a team of United Nations and EU leading agencies in Tourism and Energy. The project delivers information, technical support &  training to help Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the tourism and accommodation sector across the EU 27 to increase their energy efficiency and renewable energy usage. Destination Flyways Turning one billion tourists into one billion opportunities to protect the world's original long- distance travelers. World Tourism Capital The Executive Council of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) unanimously chose the Egyptian city of Luxor to be the world tourism capital for 2016 and to host the UNWTO meetings in October of 2016. Publications Within the UNWTO Elibrary UNWTO offers more than 1400 electronic publications and 1700 tourism data sets on domestic, inbound and outbound tourism for more that 200 countries and territories which are regularly updated Exaples: - Yearbook of Tourism Statistics - World Tourism Barometer - International Tourism Highlights STATISTICS The United Nations recognizes the World Tourism Organization as the appropriate organization to collect, to analyse, to publish, to standardize and to improve the statistics of tourism, UNWTO TOURISM DATA DASHBOARD The UNWTO Tourism Data Dashboard – provides statistics and insights on key indicators for inbound and outbound tourism at the global, regional and national levels. Data covers tourist arrivals, tourism receipts, tourism share of exports and contribution to GDP, source markets, seasonality, domestic tourism and data on accommodation(data on number of rooms, guest and nights and employment LANGUAGE There are five official languages of UNWTO. There are Arabic, English, French, Russian and ‎Spanish.  International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO About ICAO The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a UN specialized agency, established by States in 1944. The History of ICAO and the Chicago Convention The Convention on International Civil Aviation, drafted in 1944 by 54 nations, was established to promote cooperation and “create and preserve friendship and understanding among the nations and peoples of the world.” Known more commonly today as the „Chicago Convention‟, this landmark agreement established the core principles permitting international transport by air, and led to the creation of the specialized agency which has overseen it ever since – the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). In 1947 ICAO became a UN specialized agency. ICAO is an organization of Member States with the objective of developing principles and techniques for international air navigation, fostering the planning and development of international air transport. Membership : ICAO‟s membership includes 193 Member States. Headquarters: Montreal, Canada. Secretary-General: Mr. Juan Carlos Salazar Mr. Juan Carlos Salazar is the Secretary General of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). He was first appointed for a three - year term starting August 2021 Global Priorities 1- Safety and security ( Runway safety - Loss of Control In Flight – Conflict Zones –- Airport security - safeguarding of passengers, crew, and facilities of an airport, Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation). Enhance global civil aviation safety and security through: - applying better technological solutions and innovative techniques can provide the tools for enhancing security effectiveness). - Aviation security training. 2- Environmental Protection Improving the environmental performance of aviation is a challenge ICAO takes very seriously. ICAO Assembly adopted major environmental goals as follow: a. To limit or reduce the number of people affected by significant aircraft noise. b. To limit or reduce the impact of aviation emissions on local air quality. 3- Facilitation In the civil aviation community, facilitation is of particular interest to four major groups (ICAO Member States, aircraft and airport operators, and customers). Air traffic control (ATC) (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and in the air A runway (RWY) (RWY) is a strip of land on an airport, on which aircraft can take off and land A hangar hangar is an enclosed structure designed to hold aircraft in protective storage A taxiway A taxiway is a path on an airport connecting runways with ramps, hangars, terminals and other facilities IMMIGRATION IMMIGRATION Responsible for the ADMISSION and REMOVAL of travelers entering the country. AIRPORT CUSTOMS An authority or agency responsible for the collection of duties & for controlling the flow of people, animals & goods in and out of the country PASSENGER FACILITIES Banks, Money Changers, & ATMs Baggage Handling Services (Portage) Public Telephone Booths Medical Clinics Postal Services Parking. Tourist Information 4- Airport Maintenance Practices./- Aircraft Maintenance 5- Training (Global Aviation training) The ICAO GAT Office, established in January 2014, is the focal point of contact for all ICAO training related activities. 6- Aviation Medicine. Freedoms of the Air The First Freedom The first freedom of the air is the right of an airline to fly over a foreign country without landing. The Second Freedom The second freedom of the air allows international airlines to make technical stops in foreign countries without loading or unloading passengers or cargo. These stops are usually made for refueling, but can also be used for general maintenance or in emergency situations The Third freedom The third freedom allows airlines to transfer passengers from its home country to a foreign country. The fourth freedom The fourth freedom allows airlines to transfer passengers from a foreign country to its home country. The fifth freedom This freedom allows airlines to carry passengers from its home country to a foreign country, then drop off passengers, pick up new ones, and carry them to a third, new country. CORSIA initiative Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation, or CORSIA, is an emission mitigation approach for the global airline industry, developed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and adopted in October 2016.  International Hotel & Restaurant Association (The Voice of Hospitality Industry Worldwide) What is the International Hotel & Restaurant Association? The IH&RA is the only international trade association exclusively devoted to promoting and defending the interests of the hotel and restaurant industry worldwide. It is a non-profit organization and is officially recognized by the United Nations. WHO ARE ITS MEMBERS?  International, National and Regional Hotel and/or Restaurant Associations  International and National Hotel and/or Restaurant Chains  Owners, Developers and Investors  Individual Hotels and Restaurants  Institutions of the Industry (hotel schools, educational centres, universities)  Students / Independent Hoteliers and Restaurateurs IH&RA President : Ghassan AIDI  Head office: Geneva WHAT DOES IHRA DO? 1- Monitor issues that are raised by major international organizations involved in tourism.  2- Represent the collective industry interests before policy makers 3- Listen to its members to ensure that all issues are addressed. 4- Plan a series of informative Council and Board meetings and an annual Congress. IHRA hot topics and issues Online Distribution Corporate Environment Social & Sustainable Responsibility Tourism Skills and International Worker Standards Shortages  Hotel chains Company Office Location Brands Accor France worldwide Sofitel / Fairmont/ Raffles/ Movenpik / Mercure, Novetel / Pullman. Marriott International United Worldwide Ritz-Carlton / JW Marriott States / St. Regis / Sheraton. Renaissance Hotels/ Le MERIDIEN / Marriott Hilton Worldwide United Worldwide Conrad / Hilton / LXR- States Hilton Garden INN InterContinental Worldwide Holiday inn / Hotels Group (IHG) United Intercontinental / Indigo Kingdom  International Council on Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional Education Global Birth of ICHRIE International CHRIE is the global leader in hospitality and tourism education and research. The organization now known as the Council on Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional Education (CHRIE) was formed in 1946 by a group of dedicated hospitality professionals. International CHRIE (ICHRIE), a non-profit professional association, provides programs and services to continually improve the quality of global education, research, service and business operations in the hospitality and tourism industry. ICHRIE Vision To be the global leader of hospitality and tourism education, industry engagement, and talent development. Headquarters: Virginia , USA. Membership A. Individual members shall be persons who are interested in hospitality and/or tourism. B. Educational organization members shall be educational institutions that have an interest in or offer hospitality and/or tourism programs. C. Industry: corporate professionals/companies /executives in restaurants and foodservice, hotels and lodging, travel and recreation services. D.Honorary/complimentary members (as determined by the ICHRIE Board of Directors) shall be persons who are interested in hospitality and/or tourism, support the objectives of ICHRIE, and do not pay dues and shall have none of the obligations, including the right to vote. President I CHRIE President, International CHRIE : Chrystel Masdupuy. Accreditation Commissions The Accreditation Commission for Programs in Hospitality Administration (ACPHA) was established in 1989. To date International CHRIE recommended the accrediting body: the Accreditation Commission for Programs in Hospitality Administration (ACPHA) which accredited hospitality administration programs at the baccalaureate level. PUBLICATIONS - Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research. - Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education. - Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Cases. - Guide to College Programs in Hospitality, Tourism, & Culinary Arts. CHRIE Federations International CHRIE has six regional Federations : NENA CHRIE is the abbreviation for (the North Eastern North American Federation) SECSA CHRIE The Southeast, Central and South American Federation (SECSA) is one of the six Federations of ICHRIE. Euro CHRIE: EuroCHRIE's geographical boundaries cover EGYPT Central CHRIE is one of the six Federations of International CHRIE and serves the hospitality and tourism education and research programs in the Central USA comprised of 14 of the 50 states in the USA: West CHRIE: The West Federation is comprised of 14 of the 50 United States and 7 Canadian provinces. APacCHRIE : APacCHRIE was established in 2002 as a spin-off from ICHRIE. It has currently matured to become one of the six Federations under the ICHRIE umbrella, to represent academia, industry and education in hospitality and tourism in the Asia Pacific region  ASTA American Society of Travel Advisors ASTA and its mission Founded in 1931, the American Society of Travel Advisors (ASTA) is the leading global advocate for travel advisors, the travel industry and the traveling public. The American Society of Travel Advisors (ASTA), the world's leading association of travel professionals, is the global advocate for travel agencies, and the travel industry. ASTA's (American Society of Travel Advisors) mission is to facilitate the business of selling travel through effective representation, shared knowledge and the enhancement of professionalism. On August 28, 2018, ASTA changed its name from American Society of Travel Agents to American Society of Travel Advisors. Members. The majority of ASTA's members are travel agencies. (also known as Core Member). However, travel suppliers, such as airlines, hotels, car rental firms, cruise lines, and tour operators join ASTA. ASTA Headquarters: Virginia, USA. ASTA’s purposes are: a. To promote travel among people of all nations. b. To promote and represent the views and interests of travel agents to all levels of government and industry c. To promote professional and ethical conduct in the travel industry worldwide. d. To conduct educational programs for members on subjects related to the travel industry. e. To serve as an information source for the travel industry worldwide. f. To encourage environmentally sound tourism worldwide. g. To promote consumer protection and safety for the traveling public. Training and certificates Our premier training for experienced travel advisors is the Verified Travel Advisor (VTA) certification program. The VTA curriculum hones your skills and provides a broad perspective of the industry. Publications: Each daily publication of ASTA Travel Advisor Daily focuses on the core needs of the travel industry. It's packed with stimulating news, analysis, and industry trends. Regular topics include: sales and marketing strategies for agents; business planning and development; global destination information; industry issues and developments;; cruise trends and itineraries; travel technology; and business travel.  International Air Transport Association (IATA) About IATA IATA‟s mission is to represent, lead, and serve the airline industry. IATA is an international trade body, created over 60 years ago by a group of airlines. Today, IATA represents some 290 airlines comprising 82% of total air traffic. The modern IATA is the successor to the International Air Traffic Association founded in the Hague in 1919 - IATA was founded in Havana, Cuba, on 19 April 1945. Headquarters: Montreal, Canada. Director General: Willie Walsh IATA's aim IATA's aim is to help airlines help themselves by simplifying processes and increasing passenger convenience while reducing costs and improving efficiency. Moreover, safety is IATA's number one priority, and IATA's goal is to continually improve safety standards.  IATA ensures that people and goods can move around the global airline network as easily as if they were on a single airline in a single country. In addition, it provides essential professional support to all industry stakeholders with a wide range of products and expert services, such as publications, training and consulting. IATA's financial systems also help carriers and the travel industry maximize revenues. Membership Formal IATA membership only applies to airlines.(core members)  Airlines: IATA membership is open to both scheduled and non- scheduled airlines.  Travel Agencies & other Travel and Tourism intermediaries: travel and tourism accreditation and code services simplify the business relationship between agents and airlines as well as other tourism service providers.  Freight Forwarders /cargo agents /: IATA accreditation provides industry recognition for cargo agents  Programs & Policy The current programs, policies and initiatives that IATA runs to support the air transport industry. Cargo Dangerous Goods Dangerous Goods Regulations/ Dangerous Goods Training Guidance Live animals IATA Live Animals Regulations Environment Fly Net Zero Sustainable Aviation Fuel Aircraft Noise &Local Air Quality Cabin Waste Payment & Taxation IATA Diploma Programs IATA Diplomas provide industry-recognized qualifications for a wide range of aviation specializations.  Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) About (CLIA) Established in 1975, Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) is the world‟s largest cruise industry trade association, providing a unified voice and leading authority of the global cruise community. CLIA supports policies and practices that foster a safe, secure, healthy and sustainable cruise ship environment and is dedicated to promoting the cruise travel experience. CLIA’s Mission:  CLIA is the global organization that fosters our members' success by advocating, educating and promoting the common interests of the cruise community. Membership  CLIA represents the interests of the cruise industry community.  50 Cruise Lines –ocean river and specialty cruise ships, CLIA lines represent more than 95 percent of global cruise capacity.  340 Executive Partner Members – As key suppliers and partners to the cruise lines, executive partners play a major role in the successful operation of cruising, including ports & destinations, ship development, suppliers and business services.  35000 Travel Agent Members – Our travel agency members include the largest agencies, hosts, franchises and consortia in the world.  CLIA Cruise Lines serve more than 25 million passengers annually.  The Egyptian Tourism Federation ETF The Egyptian Tourism Federation (ETF) seeks to establish the ultimate climate for sustainable growth of Egypt‟s tourism industry and enhance its workforce at the highest international standards. Working closely with its five affiliate business associations and the Ministry of Tourism, the ETF is responsible for shepherding the common interests of all enterprises within the tourism industry. It also assists the government and other non-governmental organizations in tourism planning and matters related to development, particularly those directly effecting tourism. The ETF plays an integral role of the advocate when legislative measures are being introduced or changed. According to the law, ETF opinion must be taken before such measures are presented for ratification with the Egyptian Parliament. Vision The Egyptian Tourism Federation is to become the ultimate reference for the tourism industry, setting its policies in order to maximize tourism yield and boost national economy. Mission 1. Achieve ongoing tourism development while safe guarding Egypt‟s heritage - acknowledged as unique in the world.  2. Strengthen potential competition by improving the quality and development of tourism resources and services. 3. Maintain the equilibrium between elements within tourism development and the general national plan. 4. Due to globalization, sustain a balance between local tourism bodies and international relations. The Egyptian Tourism Federation is an entity composed of elected industry members from five tourism industry business associations. Together, they form the ETF General Assembly consisting of 125 representatives, distributed as follows: Egyptian Hotels Association (EHA) 30 persons Egyptian Travel Agents Association (ETAA) 30 persons Egyptian Chamber of Tourist Establishments (ECTE) 25 persons Egyptian Chamber of Tourist Commodities (ECTC) 15 persons Chamber of Diving and Water Sports (CDWS) 25 persons In addition, four members are appointed to the General Assembly by the Minister of Tourism  The Ministry of Tourism The ministry of tourism was established in 1966. It plays a crucial role in: 1. coordinating and supplementing the efforts of the State Governments, 2. catalyzing private investment, 3. Strengthening promotional and marketing efforts and in providing trained manpower resources. The functions of the Ministry in this regard mainly consist of All Policy Matters, including: 1. Development Policies. 2. Incentives. 3. External Assistance. 4. Manpower Development. 5. Promotion & Marketing. 6. Investment Facilitation.