B.Sc. Cardiac Care Technology Course Regulations (2019) PDF

Revised Ordinance Governing Regulations and Curriculum Of B.Sc. CARDIAC CARE TECHNOLOGY COURSE 2019 GandhiUniversityofHealth Sciences, Karnataka, Bangalore 1  The Emblem T...

Revised Ordinance Governing Regulations and Curriculum Of B.Sc. CARDIAC CARE TECHNOLOGY COURSE 2019 GandhiUniversityofHealth Sciences, Karnataka, Bangalore 1  The Emblem The Emblem of the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences is a symbolic expression of the confluence of both Eastern and Western Health Sciences. A central wand with entwined snakes symbolises Greek and Roman Gods of Health called Hermis and Mercury is adapted as symbol of modern medical science. The pot above depicts Amrutha Kalasham of Dhanvanthri the father of all Health Sciences. The wings above it depicts Human Soul called Hamsa (Swan) in Indian philosophy. The rising Sun at the top symbolises knowledge and enlightenment. The two twigs of leaves in western philosophy symbolises Olive branches, which is an expression of Peace, Love and Harmony. In Hindu Philosophy it depicts the Vanaspathi (also called as Oushadi) held in the hands of Dhanvanthri, which are the source of all Medicines. The lamp at the bottom depicts human energy (kundalini). The script “Devahitham Yadayahu” inside the lamp is taken from Upanishath Shanth i Manthram (Bhadram Karnebh i Shrunuyanadev…), which says “May we live the full span of our lives allotted by God in perfect health” which is the motto of the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences. 2 Ref: ACA/DCD/AHS/B.Sc.CCT/362/2019-20 Date: 28/08/2019 NOTIFICATION Sub: Revised Ordinance pertaining to Regulation and Curriculum of B.Sc. Cardiac Care Technology. Ref: 1) Minutes of BOS Allied Health Sciences held on 13/05/2019 2) Proceedings of Faculty meeting held on 15/05/2019 3) Proceedings of AC meeting held on 17/06/2019 4) Proceedings of Syndicate meeting held on 29/06/2019 In exercise of the powers vested under Section 35(2) of RGUHS Act, 1994, the Revised Ordinance pertaining to Regulation and the curriculum of B. Sc. Cardiac Care Technology is notified herewith as per Annexure. The above Regulation shall be applicable to the students admitted to the said course from the academic year 2019-20 onwards. By Order, Sd/- REGISTRAR To The Principals of all affiliated Allied Health Sciences Course colleges of RGUHS, Bangalore. Copy to : 1. The Principal Secretary to Governor, Raj Bhavan, Bangalore – 560001 2. The Principal Secretary Medical Education, Health & Family Welfare Dept., M S Building, Dr.B.R. Ambedkar Veedhi, Bangalore – 01 3. PA to Vice – Chancellor/PA to Registrar/Registrar (Eva.)/Finance Officer, Rajiv Gandhi University Health Sciences, Bangalore 4. All Officers of the University Examination Branch/ Academic Section. 5. Guard File / Office copy. 3  REGULATIONS&CURRICULUMFORBACHELOROF B.Sc. CARDIAC CARE TECHNOLOGY-2019 1. Eligibility for admission: A candidate seeking admission to the BSc. Cardiac Care Technology shall have studied English as one of the principal subject during the tenure of the course and shall have passed: 1. Two year Pre-University examination or equivalent as recognized by Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences with, Physics, Chemistry and Biology as subjects of study. OR 2. Pre-Degree course from a recognized University considered as equivalent by RGUHS, (Two years after ten years of schooling) with Physics, Chemistry and Biology as subjects of study. OR 3. Any equivalent examination recognized by the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore for the above purpose with Physics, Chemistry and Biology as subjects of study. OR 4. The vocational higher secondary education course conducted by Vocational Higher Secondary Education, Government of Kerala with five subjects including Physics, Chemistry, Biology and English in addition to vocational subjects conducted is considered equivalent to plus TWO examinations of Government of Karnataka Pre University Course. OR 5. Candidates with two years diploma from a recognized Government Board in Cardiac Care Technology shall have passed class 12 [10+2] with Physics, Chemistry and Biology, as subjects or candidates with 3 years diploma from a recognized Government Board in Cardiac CareTechnology should have studied Physics, Biology and Chemistry as subjects during the tenure of the course. 4 6. Lateral entry to second year of B.Sc.Cardiac CareTechnology for candidates who have passed diploma program from the Government Boards and recognized by RGUHS, fulfilling the conditions specified above under Sl. No. 5 and these students are eligible to take admission on lateral entry system only in the same subject studied at diploma level from the academic year 2008-09 vide RGUHS Notification no. AUTH/AHS/317/2008-09 dated: 01.08.2008. Note: a. The candidate shall have passed individually in each of the subjects. b. Candidates who have completed diploma or vocational course through Correspondence shall not be eligible for any of the courses mentioned above. 2. Duration of the course: Duration shall be for a period of four years including one year of Internship. 3. Medium of instruction: The medium of instruction and examination shall be in English. 4. Scheme of examination: There shall be three examinations one each at the end of 1 st, 2nd and 3rd year. 5. Attendance Every candidate should have attended at least 80% of the total number of classes conducted in an academic year from the date of commencement of the term to the last working day as notified by university in each of the subjects prescribed for that year separately in theory and practical. Only such candidates are eligible to appear for the university examinations in their first attempt. Special classes conducted for any purpose shall not be considered for the calculation of percentage of attendance for eligibility. A candidate lacking in prescribed percentage of attendance in any subjects either in theory or practical in the first appearance will not be eligible to appear for the University Examination in that subject 5 6. Internal Assessment (IA): 1st Year B.Sc Cardiac Care Technology Theory - 20 marks Practical’s - 10 marks*. [Lab work- 06 marks and Record-04marks] 2nd & 3rd year B.Sc Cardiac Care Technology Theory – 20 Marks Practicals – 20Marks There shall be a minimum of two periodical tests preferably one in each term in theory and practical of each subject in an academic year. The average marks of the two tests will be calculated and reduced to 20. The marks of IA shall be communicated to the University at least 15 days before the commencement of the University examination. The University shall have access to the records of such periodical tests. The marks of the internal assessment must be displayed on the notice board of the respective colleges with in a fortnight from the date test is held. If a candidate is absent for any one of the tests due to genuine and satisfactory reasons, such a candidate may be given a re-test within a fortnight. * There shall be no University Practical Examination in First year. 7. Subject and hours of teaching for Theory and practical’s The number of hours of teaching theory and practical, subject wise in first year, second year and third year are shown in Table-I, Table-II and Table-III Main and Subsidiary subjects are common in first year for all the courses in Allied Health Science. The number of hours for teaching theory and practical for main subjects in first, Second and Third year are shown in Table-I, II and III 6 Table - I Distribution of Teaching Hours in First Year Subjects Main subjects Theory No. of Practical Total Sl. No. Subject Hours No. of No. of Hours Hours 1. Human Anatomy 70 20 90 2. Physiology 70 20 90 3. Biochemistry 70 20 90 Pathology-[Clinical 4. pathology, Hematology 70 20 90 & Blood -Banking 5. Microbiology 70 20 90 Total 350 100 450 The classes in main and subsidiary subjects are to be held from Monday to Thursday. On Fridays and Saturdays students shall work in hospitals in the respective specialty or department chosen by them Subsidiary Subjects English 25 Hours Kannada 25 Hours Health-Care 40 Hours Clinical/Lab posting –470 hours (Friday 9am – 1pm and 2pm - 4-30 pm Saturday 9am - 1pm) 7 Table - II Distribution of Teaching Hours in Second Year Subjects Main Subjects Theory Practic Clinic Total Sl. Subject al al No. No. No. of posting of No of Hours Hours Hours Medicine relevant 1. cardiac 50 -- -- 50 care to technology Section A 30 30 2. Applied -- 120 Pathology Section B Applied 30 30 Microbiology 3. Applied Pharmacology 50 -- -- 50 Introduction to 4. Cardiac 80 100 650 830 care Technology Total 240 160 650 Subsidiary Subjects: Subsidiary Subjects: Sociology 20 Hours Constitution of India 10 Hours Environmental Science &Health 10 Hours 8 Table - III Distribution of Teaching Hours in Third Year Subjects Main Subjects Theory Practic Clinic Total No. Sl. Subject al al No. No. of posting of Hours No of Hours Hours Cardiac care 1. Technology 50 50 250 350 – Clinical Cardiac care 2. Technology 50 50 250 350 - Applied Cardiac care 3. Technology – 50 50 250 350 Advanced Total 150 Subsidiary Subjects: Ethics, Database Management 50 Hours Research & Biostatistics 20 Hours Computer application 10 Hours 8. Schedule of Examination: The university shall conduct two examinations annually at an interval of not less than 4 to 6 months as notified by the university from time to time. A candidate who satisfies the requirement of attendance, progress and conduct as stipulated by the university shall be eligible to appear for the university examination. Certificate to that effect shall be produced from the Head of the institution along with the application for examination and the prescribed fee. 9. Scheme of Examination There shall be three examinations, one each at the end of I, II and III year. The examination for both main and subsidiary subjects for all courses in Allied Health Sciences shall be common in the first year. 9 Distribution of Subjects and marks for First Year, Second year & Third year University theory and practical Examinations are shown in the Table – IV, V & VI. First year examination: The University examination for 1st year shall consist of only theory examination and there shall be no University Practical Examination. Second & Third year examination: The University examination for 2nd and 3rd year shall consist of Written Paper & Practical. Written Examinations consists of 4 papers in the 2nd Year 3 papers in the 3rd Year: Practical examination: Three practical examinations, at the end 2nd Year and three practical examinations at the end of the 3rd year. One practical exam at the end of internship (4th year) TABLE-IV Distribution of Subjects and marks for First Year University theory Examination A Main Subjects* Written Paper I A Theory Total Duration Marks Marks Marks 1 Basic Anatomy (Including Histology) 3 Hours 100 20 120 2 Physiology 3 Hours 100 20 120 3 Biochemistry 3 Hours 100 20 120 4 Pathology 3 Hours 100 20 120 5 Microbiology 3 Hours 100 20 120 Subsidiary Subject** 1 English 3 Hours 80 20 100 2 Kannada 3 Hours 80 20 100 3 Health Care 3 Hours 80 20 100 Note: I A = Internal Assessment *Main Subjects shall have University Examination. There shall be no University Practical Examination. ** Subsidiary subjects: Examination for subsidiary subjects shall be conducted by respective colleges. 10  TABLE - V Distribution of Subjects and marks for Second Year Examination. Theory Practical Sub Practi Sub total Grand Pap Subjects Theory I.A Tot cals I.A Total er al i Section A - Applied 50 20 120 40 10 50 170 Pathology 50 Section B - Applied Microbiolog y ii Introduction 100 20 120 40 10 50 170 to Cardiac care Technology Applied iii Pharmacology 100 20 120 No 120 Practical Medicine relevant iv to technology 100 20 120 No 120 Practical Distribution of Subsidiary Subjects and marks for Second Year Examination Subsidiary I.A B Subject** Duration Marks Theory Marks Total Marks 1. Sociology 3 hours 80 20 100 2. ConstitutionofIndia 3 hours 80 20 100 Environmental 3. Science &Health 3 hours 80 20 100 ** Subsidiary subjects: Examination for subsidiary Subjects shall be conducted by respective colleges 11  TABLE - VI Distribution of Subjects and marks for Third Year Examination. SL NO THEORY PRACTICAL PAPER SUBJECTS THEORY I.A SUBTOTA PRACTICAL I.A SUB GRAN L TOTA D L TOTAL 1 Cardiac 100 20 120 120 30 150 510 care (40+40+40) technology clinical 2 Cardiac 100 20 120 care technology applied 3 Cardiac 100 20 120 care technology advanced ** Practical-One common practical for all the three papers with equal weightage of marks i.e. 40 practical mark and 10 I.A. marks for each paper. Distribution of Subsidiary Subjects and marks for Third Year Examination Subsidiary I.A B Duration Marks Total Subject** Theory Marks Marks Ethics, Database 1. Management 3 hours 80 20 100 Research & 2. 3 hours 80 20 100 Biostatistics 3. Computer application Subsidiary subjects : Examination for subsidiary subjects shall be conducted by respective college 12 10. PASS CRITERIA 10.1. First year examination a. Main Subjects: A candidate is declared to have passed in a subject, if he/she secures 50% of marks in University Theory exam and internal assessment added together. b. Subsidiary Subjects: The minimum prescribed marks for a pass in subsidiary subject shall be 35% of the maximum marks prescribed for a subject. The marks obtained in the subsidiary subjects shall be communicated to the University before the Commencement of the University examination. 10.2. Second and Third year Examination a. Main Subjects: A candidate is declared to have passed the examination in a subject if he/she secures 50% of the marks in Theory and 50% in practical separately. For a pass in theory, a candidate has to secure a minimum of 40% marks in the University conducted written examination, and 50% in aggregate in the University conducted written examination and internal assessment added together and for pass in Practical, a candidate has to secure a minimum of 40% marks in the university conducted Practical/Clinical examination and 50% in aggregate i.e. University conducted Practical/Clinical and Internal Assessment. b. Subsidiary Subjects: The minimum prescribed marks for a pass in subsidiary subject shall be 35% of the maximum marks prescribed for a subject. The marks obtained in the subsidiary subjects shall be communicated to the University before the commencement of the University examination. 11. Carry over benefit 11.1 First year examination: A candidate who fails in any two of the five main subjects of first year shall be permitted to carry over those subjects to second year. However, he/ she must pass the carry over subjects before appearing for second year examination. 11.2. Second year examination: A candidate is permitted to carry over any one main subject to the third year but shall pass this subject before appearing for the third year examination. 12. Declaration of Class: 13  a. A candidate having appeared in all the subjects in the same examination and passed that examination in the first attempt and secures 75% of marks or more of grand total marks prescribed will be declared to have passed the examination with Distinction. b. A candidate having appeared in all subjects in the same examination and passed that examination in the first attempt and secures 60% of marks or more but less than 75% of grand total marks prescribed will be declared to have passed the examination in First Class. c. A candidate having appeared in all the subjects in the same examination and passed that examination in the first attempt and secures 50% of marks or more but less than 60% of grand total marks prescribed will be declared to have passed the examination in Second Class. d. A candidate passing the university examination in more than one attempt shall be placed in Pass class irrespective of the percentage of marks secured by him/her in the examination. e. The marks obtained by a candidate in the subsidiary subjects shall not be considered for award of Class or Rank. [Please note, fraction of marks should not be rounded off clauses (a), (b) and (c)] 13. Eligibility for the award of Degree: A candidate shall have passed in all the subjects of first, second and third year to be eligible for a compulsory one year of rotational internship. On completion of one year of the internship the candidate is then eligible for the award of degree. 14. Distribution of Type of Questions and Marks for Various Subjects THEORY: SUBJECTS HAVING MAXIMUM MARKS= 100 (for First year) Type of Questions No. of Questions Marks for Each Questions Long Essay 2 10 Short Essay 10 05 Short Answer 10 03 1. Long essay- 2 Questions (second question choice) 2x10= 20 marks 2. Short essay- 10 Questions (Questions no 5 &10 choice) 10x5= 50 marks 3. Short answer- 10 Questions (Questions no 15 & 20 choice) 10x3= 30 marks Total= 100 14  SUBJECTS HAVING MAXIMUM MARKS = 80 (subsidiary subjects) Marks For Each Type of Questions No of Questions Questions Essay Type 3 ( 2x 10) 10 Short Essay Type 8(6 x 5) 05 Short Answers Type 12(10 x 3) 03 SUBJECTS HAVING MAXIMUM MARKS= 50 MARKS Type of Questions No. of Questions Marks for Each Questions Long Essay 1 10 Short Essay 05 05 Short Answer 05 03 1. Long essay- 1 Questions (No choice) 1x10= 10 marks 2. Short essay- 05 Questions (Choice is in Questions no 3) 05x5= 25 marks 3. Short answer- 05 Questions (Choice is in Questions no 3) 05x3= 15 marks Total= 50 INTERNSHIP One year compulsory rotational postings during which students have to work under the supervision of experienced staff 15  FIRST YEAR B.SC. CARDIAC CARE TECHNOLOGY ANATOMY No. of theory classes: 70 hours No. of practical classes: 20 hours Chapter 1 Introduction: Theory:  Definition of anatomy and its divisions  Terms of location, positions and planes  Epithelium-definition, classification, describe with examples, function  Glands- classification, describe serous, mucous & mixed glands with examples  Basic tissues – classification with examples Practical:  Histology of types of epithelium  Histology of serous, mucous & mixed salivary gland Chapter 2 Connective tissue: Theory:  Cartilage – types with example & histology theory  Bone – Classification, names of bone cells, parts of long bone, microscopy of compact  bone, names of all bones, vertebral column, intervertebral disc, fontanelles of fetal skull  Joints – Classification of joints with examples, synovial joint (in detail for radiology)  Muscular system: Classification of muscular tissue & histology  Names of muscles of the body Practical:  Histology of the 3 types of cartilage  Histology of compact bone (TS & LS)  Histology of skeletal (TS & LS) & cardiac muscle  Demo of all bones showing parts, radiographs of normal bones & joints  Demonstration of important muscles of the body 16  3. Cardiovascular system: Theory:  Heart-size, location, chambers, exterior & interior, pericardium  Blood supply of heart  Systemic & pulmonary circulation  Branches of aorta, common carotid artery, subclavian artery, axillary artery, brachial artery, superficial palmar arch, femoral artery, internal iliac artery  Inferior vena cava, portal vein, portosystemic anastomosis ,Great saphenous vein, Dural venous sinuses  Lymphatic system- cisterna chyli & thoracic duct ,Histology of lymphatic tissues, Names of regional lymphatics, axillary and inguinal lymph nodes in brief Practical:  Demonstration of heart and vessels in the body  Histology of large artery & vein, medium sized artery & vein  Histology of lymph node, spleen, tonsil & thymus  Radiology: Normal chest radiograph showing heart shadows 4. Gastro- intestinal system Theory:  Parts of GIT: Oral cavity (lip, tongue (with histology), tonsil, dentition, pharynx, salivary glands, Waldeyer’s ring), Oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen, peritoneum & reflections Practical:  Demonstration of parts of GIT  Radiographs of abdomen 5. Respiratory system  Parts of RS: nose, nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchopulmonary segments, diaphragm  Histology of trachea, lung and pleura  Names of paranasal air sinuses Practical:  Demonstration of parts of respiratory system.  Normal radiographs of chest, X-ray paranasal sinuses  Histology of lung and trachea 17  6. Urinary system Theory:  Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, male and female urethra  Histology of kidney, ureter and urinary bladder Practical:  Demonstration of parts of urinary system  Histology of kidney, ureter, urinary bladder  Radiographs of abdomen-IVP, retrograde cystogram 7. Reproduct ive system Theory:  Parts of male reproductive system, testis, vas deferens, epididymis, prostate (gross & histology)  Parts of female reproductive system, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovary (gross & histology)  Mammary gland – gross Practical:  Demonstration of section of male and female pelvis with organs in situ  Histology of testis, vas deferens, epididymis, prostate, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovary  Radiographs of pelvis – hysterosalpingogram 8. Endocrine glands Theory:  Names of all endocrine glands in detail on pituitary gland, thyroid gland& suprarenal gland – (gross & histology) Practical:  Demonstration of the glands  Histology of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, suprarenal glands 9. Nerv ous system Theory:  Neuron & Classification of NS  Cerebrum, cerebellum, midbrain, Pons, medulla oblongata, spinal cord with spinal nerve (gross & histology) Meninges, Ventricles & cerebrospinal fluid, Names of basal nuclei  Blood supply of brain  Cranial nerves  Sympathetic trunk & names of parasympathetic ganglia Practical:  Histology of peripheral nerve & optic nerve 18  Demonstration of all plexuses and nerves in the body  Demonstration of all part of brain  Histology of cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord 10. Sensory organs Theory:  Skin: Skin-histology & Appendages of skin  Eye: Parts of eye & lacrimal apparatus, Extra-ocular muscles & nerve supply  Ear: parts of ear- external, middle and inner ear and contents Practical:  Histology of thin and thick skin  Demonstration and histology of eyeball  Histology of cornea & retina 11. Embryology: Theory:  Spermatogenesis & oogenesis  Ovulation, fertilization  Fetal circulation  Placenta INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Theory-average of 2 exams conducted 20 Practicals: record and lab work* 10 * There shall be no university practical examination and internal assessment marks secured in Practicals need not be sent to the university. SCHEME OF EXAMINATION THEORY There shall be one theory paper of three hours duration carrying 100 marks. Distribution of type of questions and marks for Anatomy shall be as given under. SUBJECTS HAVING MAXIMUM MARKS= 100 (for First year) Type of Questions No. of Marks for Each Questions Questions Long Essay 2 10 Short Essay 10 05 Short Answer 10 03 19 1. Long essay- 2 Questions (second question choice) 2x10= 20 marks 2. Short essay- 10 Questions (Questions no 5 &10 choice) 10x5= 50 marks 3. Short answer- 10 Questions (Questions no 15 & 20 choice) 10x3= 30 marks Total= 100 Distribution of Marks for University Theory and Practical Exam Theory Practicals Grand total Theory IA- Sub Practicals IA Sub Total 120 Total 100 20- 120 * 120 REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. William Davis (P) understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology – McGraw Hill 2. Chaursia- A Text Book of Anatomy 3. T. S. Ranganathan- A Text Book of Human Anatomy 4. Fattana, Human Anatomy (Description and applied)- Saunder’s & C P Prism Publishers, Bangalore 5. ESTER. M. Grishcimer- Physiology & Anatomy with Practical Considerations, J. P. Lippin Cott. Philadelphia 6. Bhatnagar- Essentials of Human Embryology- Revised Edition. Orient Blackswan Pvt. Ltd. 20  PHYSIOLOGY Theory 70 hours Practical 20hours 1. General Physiology Introduction to cell physiology, transport across cell membrane Homeostasis, Body Fluid compartment & measurement 2. Blood Introduction - composition and function of blood Plasma. proteins, types and functions Red blood cells - erythropoiesis, stages of differentiation, factors affecting it, function, normal count, physiological variation. Hemoglobin- function, concentration, types & methods of Hb estimation, fate of hemoglobin Jaundice- types Anaemia,-types ESR, PCV, osmotic fragility & blood indices WBC- morphology, production, functions, normal count, differential count, variation, variation Immunity (in brief) Platelets- origin, morphology, normal count, function-Platelet plug ,bleeding disorder Haemostasis - definition, normal haemostasis, clotting factors, mechanism of clotting, anticoagulants disorders of clotting factors. Blood group-ABO & Rh system, Rh incompatibility blood typing ,cross matching, hazards of mismatched blood transfusion RES, spleen and lymph 3. Nerve-Muscle Neuron structure, types, neuroglia-types, nerve fibre classification, properties of nerve fibres, RMP,action potential, wallerian degeneration NMJ, blockers, Myasthenia gravis Classification of muscle, structure of skeletal muscle, sarcomere, contractile proteins Excitation contraction coupling, mechanism of muscle contraction, types of contraction Motor unit, fatigue, rigor mortis Smooth muscle 4. Respiratory system Physiological anatomy of respiratory system, muscles of respiration, respiratory & non respiratory functions of lungs, dead space Mechanics of breathing, intrapulmonary & pleural pressures Compliance, Surfactant, Hyaline membrane disease Lung volumes and capacities Respiratory membrane , transport of O2 & CO2 Chemical regulation of respiration Neural regulation of respiration Hypoxia, Acclamatization, Dysbarism. Artificial respiration Definition-Periodic breathing ,dyspnoea, apnoea, asphyxia,, cyanosis 21 5. Cardiovascular system Introduction to CVS & general principles of circulation Properties of Cardiac muscle Cardiac cycle, heart sounds, Pulse Cardiac output, factors and measurement Heart rate BP-factors, measurement, Short term regulation Intermediate and long term regulation of BP ECG uses and significance,.normal waveform, heart block Coronary circulation, Cutaneous circulation-Triple response Shock Effects of exercise on CVS and Respiratory system 6. Renal system, Skin and body temperature Kidneys- functions, structure of nephron, type, juxtaglomerular apparatus-structure and function, non- excretory functions of kidney Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)- Definition ,normal value, factors affecting GFR Tubular reabsorption - sites, substance reabsorbed, mechanisms of reabsorption Tubular secretion- sites, substance secreted, mechanisms of reabsorption Counter current mechanism of concentration of urine Obligatory and Facultative reabsorption of water Micturition reflex, Diuretics Artificial kidney, renal function tests-clearance tests Skin -structure and function, body temperature measurement, physiological variation, Regulation of body Temperature by physica,l chemical and nervous mechanisms-Role of Hypothalamus Hypothermia and fever 7. Digestive system Physiological anatomy, Enteric nervous system & functions of GIT Saliva- composition, regulation,disorder. Deglutition- stages & disorders Stomach-functions, composition and regulation of gastric juice Gastric motility, MMC, vomiting reflex. Pancreas- function, composition and regulation of pancreatic juice Liver & gall bladder-functions, bile- composition, secretion and regulation Small intestine- Succus entericus-composition, functions & movements Large intestine- functions, movements and defecation reflex Digestion & absorption of Carbohydrates, fats and proteins 8. Endocrine system Classification of Endocrine glands & their hormones & properties-chemistry and receptor, feedback mechanisms of hormone regulation. Anterior pituitary hormones- secretion, functions , disorders Posterior pituitary hormones- secretion , functions , disorders Thyroid hormones- secretion, functions, disorders Parathyroid hormones- secretion, functions, disorders Calcium homeostasis & disorders Pancreatic hormones, -Insulin and Glucagon-. secretion, functions, disorders Adrenal cortex- Glucocorticoids & Mineralocorticoids, Androgen - secretion, functions, disorders Adrenal medulla- secretion, functions, disorders Thymus & Pineal gland 22  9. Reproductive system Introduction to reproductive system, sex differentiation & Puberty Male reproductive system, functions of testosterone & Spermatogenesis Female reproductive system, fuctions of Estrogen, Progesterone, Oogenesis Ovulation & Menstrual cycle Physiological changes during pregnancy, pregnancy tests, parturition & lactation Male & Female contraceptive methods 10. Central nervous system Introduction to CNS, Sensory receptors classification, properties Synapse– classification, properties Sensory pathways: Anterior spino thalamic tract and Posterior column pathway Lateral spino thalamic tract, Types of pain, Referred pain, Thalamus; nuclei and function Classification of reflexes, Monosynaptic reflex- Stretch reflex , muscle spindle ,inverse stretch reflex. Polysynaptic reflex-Withdrawal reflex Motor pathways : Pyramidal pathway and functions, UMNL, LMNL Cerebral cortex (Sensory and motor)-functions, Medulla and Pons-functions Cerebellum –functions, disorders Basal ganglia-functions, disorders Hypothalamus and Limbic system-functions CSF, lumbar puncture Sleep, EEG, Autonomic Nervous System - Sympathetic and parasympathetic distribution and functions 11. Special senses Vision –Functional anatomy of eye, visual pathway, lesion Refractive errors, color vision Audition – Physiological anatomy of ear, Mechanism of hearing, auditory pathway, deafness Olfaction –modalities, receptor, function, abnormalities Gustation-modalities, receptor, function, taste pathway, abnormalities. Practicals Blood pressure Recording Auscultation for Heart Sounds Artificial Respiration Determination of vital capacity INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Theory-average of 2 exams conducted 20 Practicals: record and lab work* 10 * There shall be no university practical examination and internal assessment marks secured in Practicals need not be sent to the university. SCHEME OF EXAMINATION THEORY There shall be one theory paper of three hours duration carrying 100 marks. Distribution of type of 23  questions and marks for Physiology shall be as given under. SUBJECTS HAVING MAXIMUM MARKS= 100 Type of Questions No. of Marks for Each Questions Questions Long Essay 2 10 Short Essay 10 05 Short Answer 10 03 1. Long essay- 2 Questions (second question choice) 2x10= 20 marks 2. Short essay- 10 Questions (Questions no 5 &10 choice) 10x5= 50 marks 3. Short answer- 10 Questions (Questions no 15 & 20 choice) 10x3= 30 marks Total= 100 Distribution of Marks for University Theory and Practical Exam Theory Practicals Grand total Theory Viva IA Sub Practicals I Sub 120 Voce Total A Total 100 -20 120 * 120 REFERENCE BOOKS: Guyton (Arthur) Text Book of Physiology. Latest Ed. Prism Publishers Chatterjee (CC) Human Physiology Latest Ed. Vol. 1, Medical Allied Agency Choudhari (Sujith K) Concise Medical Physiology Latest Ed. New Central Book Ganong (William F) Review of Medical Physiology. Latest Ed. Appleton 24  BIOCHEMISTRY No. Theory classes: 70hours No. of practical classes: 20 hours 1. Carbohydrate Chemistry [3 hours]  Classification (Definition/ examples for each class)  Monosaccharides (classification depending upon number of carbon atoms and functional group with examples)  Disaccharides (Sucrose/ lactose/ maltose and their composition)  Polysaccharides : a) Homopolysaccharides (Structure of starch and glycogen) b) Heteropolysaccharides (Functions ) 2. Lipid Chemistry [3 hours] Definition of lipids Functions of lipids in the body Classification of lipids (subclasses with examples) Definition and Classification of fatty acids Essential fatty acids Phospholipids and their importance 3. Amino-acid and Protein Chemistry [3 hours] General structure of D and L amino acids Amino acids; Definition and Classification of amino acids with examples. Peptides; definition & Biologically important peptides Classification of Proteins based on composition, functions and shape (with examples) Functions of amino acids and Proteins 4. Nucleotide and Nucleic acid Chemistry [ 3 hours] Nucleosides & Nucleotides Nucleic acid Definition & types Composition & functions of DNA & RNA Structure of DNA (Watson and Crick model) Structure of tRNA, & functions of tRNA, rRNA, mRNA Difference between DNA and RNA 25 5. Enzymes [5 hours] Definition & Classification of Enzymes with example Definitions of Active site, Cofactor (Coenzyme, Activator), Proenzyme; Definition and examples (Pepsin & trypsin) 6. Digestion and Absorption [ 3 Hours] General characteristics of digestion and absorption, Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. 7. Carbohydrate Metabolism [ 5 Hours] Glycolysis ; Aerobic, Anaerobic, Definition , Site and subcellular site , Steps with all the enzymes and coenzymes at each step , mention the regulatory enzymes , Energetics, Citric acid cycle; Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (reaction and coenzymes) , Site and subcellular site , Reactions with all the enzymes and coenzymes ,Regulatory enzymes , Energetics Significance of HMP Shunt pathway. Hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic hormones Blood Glucose Regulation. Diabetes mellitus (definition, classification, signs and symptoms) Glycogen metabolism and gluconeogenesis 8. Lipid Metabolism [ 4 Hours] Introduction to lipid metabolism, Lipolysis Beta oxidation of fatty acids ; Definition ,Site and subcellular site , Activation of palmitic acid , Transport of activated palmitic acid into mitochondria , Reactions , Energetics. Name the different ketone bodies. Note on ketosis 9. Amino acid and Protein Metabolism [ 3 Hours] Introduction, transamination, deamination, Fate of ammonia, transport of ammonia, Urea cycle. 10. Vitamins [5 Hours] Definition and classification. RDA, sources, coenzyme forms, biochemical functions and disorders for the following water soluble vitamins: Thiamine, Niacin, Pyridoxine, Cobalamine, Folic acid, Ascorbic acidRDA, sources, coenzyme forms, biochemical functions and deficiency disorders for the following fat soluble vitamins; A and vitamin D 11. Mineral Metabolism [3 Hours] Name the macro/ microminerals 26  Iron: Sources ,RDA, Functions and Disorders of deficiency and excess Calcium and phosphorus: Sources ,RDA, functions, normal serum levels and hormones reulating their levels 12. Nutrition [6 hours] Balanced diet (Definition) Caloric value ; Definition , Caloric values of carbohydrates, proteins and fats Total daily caloric requirements of an adult male and female, RDA (Definition, standard values for nutrients) Basal metabolic rate(BMR) ; Definition , Magnitude of BMR in men and women, Factors affecting BMR Thermic effect/ SDA of food (Definition, values for major macronutrients) Carbohydrates ;. Daily dietary requirement. 2. Dietary fibers (Definition, functions, importance and their daily requirements) Proteins ;. Daily requirement, Biological value. a. Definition b. Protein used as a standard for this, Protein sources with high and low biological value , Mutual supplementation of proteins (Definition, examples). Fats ; Daily requirement , Essential fatty acids (Definition, functions, daily requirement and deficiency manifestations) , Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (Definition, sources, examples). Malnutrition 13. Renal Function Tests [ 2 hours] Name the different tests to assess the kidney functions Explain Creatinine clearance & Inulin clearance Urinary acidification test 14. Radioactive Isotopes [1 hour] Definition, clinical applications Biological effects of radiations 15. Clinical Biochemistry [ 5 hours ] A. Definitions of acid, base, pH and pKa [1 hour] B. Buffers Definition [2 hours] Henderson Hasselbalch equation, Principal buffer systems in the ECF ICF and urine 27  Bicarbonate and phosphate buffer systems (pKa value, normal ratio of base/acid in the plasma) Acidosis & Alkalosis (Definition, classification, causes and biochemical findings C. Normal serum levels and condition where they are altered [2 hour] Glucose, Protein, urea, uric acid, and creatinine Bilirubin, cholesterol Serum Electrolytes 16. Fundamental Chemistry (1 hour)  Valency, Molecular weight & Equivalent weight of elements and compounds. Normality, Molarity, Molality. 17. Solutions: Definition, use, classification where appropriate, preparation and storage (5 hours)  Stock and working solutions.  Molar and Normal solutions of compounds and acids. (NaCl, NaOH, HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4, CH3COOH etc.,)  Preparation of percent solutions – w/w, v/v w/v (solids, liquids and acids), Conversion of a percent solution into a molar solution  Saturated and supersaturated solutions  Standard solutions. Technique for preparation of standard solutions and Storage. E.g: glucose, albumin etc.  Dilutions- Diluting Normal , Molar and percent solutions. Preparing working standard from stock standard.  Part dilutions: Specimen dilutions. Serial dilutions. Reagent dilution. Dilution factors ASSIGNMENT TOPICS 1. Units of measurement 2. Hazards - Physical, Chemical, Biological 3. Arterial blood gas analysis 4. Responsibilities of Health care personnel 5. Biomedical waste management 28  PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATION [20 hours] Color Reactions of Carbohydrates & amino acids. Precipitation Reactions of proteins Colorimetry Estimation of Blood glucose Folin Wu and enzymatic method Estimation of Urea by DAM method INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Theory-average of 2 exams conducted 20 Practicals: record and lab work* 10 * There shall be no university practical examination and internal assessment marks secured in Practicals need not be sent to the university. SCHEME OF EXAMINATION THEORY There shall be one theory paper of three hours duration carrying 100 marks. Distribution of type of questions and marks for Biochemistry I shall be as given under. SUBJECTS HAVING MAXIMUM MARKS= 100 Type of Questions No. of Questions Marks for Each Questions Long Essay 2 10 Short Essay 10 05 Short Answer 10 03 1. Long essay- 2 Questions (second question choice) 2x10= 20 marks 2. Short essay- 10 Questions (Questions no 5 &10 choice) 10x5= 50 marks 3. Short answer- 10 Questions (Questions no 15 & 20 choice) 10x3= 30 marks Total= 100 Distribution of Marks for University Theory and Practical Exam Theory Practicals Grand total Theory Viva IA Sub Practicals IA Sub Total Voce Total 100 - 20 120 * 120 Text Book References  Biochemistry – 3rd revised edition by U Sathyanarayana & U Chakrapani 29   Textbook of Medical Biochemistry-6th Edition by MN Chatterjea & Rana Shinde  Textbook of Medical Laboratory technology 2nd edition by Godkar and Godkar.  Biochemistry-3rd edition by Pankaja Naik  Medical Laboratory technology 6th edition by Ramnik Sood.  Manipal Manual of Clinical Biochemistry for medical laboratory and M.Sc., students-3rd edition by Shivananda Nayak B  Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry, 4th, 5th and 6 th editions PATHOLOGY Histo Pathology ,Clinical Pathology, Haematology and Blood Banking Theory – 70 hours Practical – 20 hours Clinical Pathology, Hematology and Blood Banking Theory-70 hours Practicals-20 hours I. Clinical Pathology- Theory  Introduction to clinical pathology  Collection , transport, preservation and processing of various clinical specimens  Urine examination- collection and preservation, Physical, chemical and microscopic examination for abnormal constituents  Examination of Body fluids  Examination of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)  Sputum examination  Examination of feces II. Hematology – Theory  Introduction to hematology  Normal constituents of Blood, their structure and functions  Collection of Blood samples  Various anticoagulants used in Hematology  Hemoglobin estimation, different methods and normal values  Packed cell volume  Erythrocyte sedimentation rate  Normal Haemostasis  Bleeding time. Clotting time, prothrombin time, Activated partial Thromboplastin time 30 III. Blood Bank- Theory  Introduction blood banking  Blood group system  Collection and processing of blood for transfusion  Compatibility testing  Blood transfusion reactions  General Pathology:  Cell injury: a. Definition, causes. b. Cellular adaptations – Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy and metaplasia. c. Types of cell injury – Reversible and irreversible; morphology of reversible injury. d. Necrosis – Definition and patterns of tissue necrosis. e. Intracellular accumulations – Lipids, cholesterol, proteins, glycogen and pigments; examples. f. Pathologic calcification – Types and examples.  3) Inflammation: a. Definition and signs of inflammation. b. Types – Acute and chronic inflammation. c. Acute inflammation – Causes, morphological patterns and outcome. d. Chronic inflammation – Causes, morphology and examples. e. Regeneration and repair – Mechanism of cutaneous wound healing. f. Factors affecting wound healing.  4) Hemodynamic disorders: a. Edema – Definition, pathogenesis and types: Renal, cardiac, pulmonary and cerebral. b. Difference between transudate and exudate. 31  c. Shock – Definition, types of shock with examples: Hypovolemic, cardiogenic and septic shock, stages of shock: Nonprogressive, progressive and irreversible. d. Thrombosis – Definition, mechanism of thrombus formation (Virchow’s triad) and fate of thrombus. e. Embolism – Definition and types: Thromboembolism, fat, air and amniotic fluid embolism. f. Infarction – Definition and examples.  5)Immune system: a. Autoimmune diseases – General features, enumerate systemic and organ specific autoimmune diseases. b. Systemic lupus erythematosus – Manifestations and diagnosis.  6) Neoplasia: a. Definition and nomenclature of tumors. b. Differences between benign and malignant neoplasms. c. Enumerate modes of carcinogenesis: Genes, physical, chemical and microbial agents of carcinogenesis. d. Modes of spread of tumors. e. Clinical aspects of neoplasia. f. Grading and staging of cancers. g. Laboratory diagnosis of cancer. Practicals 1. Urine analysis- Physical, Chemical, Microscopic 2. Blood grouping and Rh typing 3. Hb estimation , packed cell volume (PCV), Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate (ESR) 4. Bleeding time and Clotting time 32  INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Theory-average of 2 exams conducted 20 Practicals: record and lab work* 10 * There shall be no university practical examination and internal assessment marks secured in Practicals need not be sent to the university. SCHEME OF EXAMINATION THEORY There shall be one theory paper of three hours duration carrying 100 marks. Distribution of type of questions and marks for Pathology I shall be as given under. SUBJECTS HAVING MAXIMUM MARKS= 100 Type of Questions No. of Questions Marks for Each Questions Long Essay 2 10 Short Essay 10 05 Short Answer 10 03 1. Long essay- 2 Questions (second question choice) 2x10= 20 marks 2. Short essay- 10 Questions (Questions no 5 &10 choice) 10x5= 50 marks 3. Short answer- 10 Questions (Questions no 15 & 20 choice) 10x3= 30 marks Total= 100 Distribution of Marks for University Theory and Practical Exam Theory Practicals Grand total Theory Viva IA Sub Practicals IA Sub Total Voce Total 100 - 20 120 * 120 REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Culling Histopathology techniques 2. Bancroft Histopathology techniques 3. Koss- Cytology 4. Winifred Diagnostic cytopathology 5. Orell Cytopathology 33 6. Todd and Sanford- clinical diagnosis by Laboratory Medicine 7. Dacie and Lewis- Practical Hematology 8. Ramnik SOOD. Lab technology, Methods and interpretation, 4 th edition JP Bros New Delhi, 1996 9. Sathish Guptha , Short text book of Medical laboratory techniques for technicians 10. Sachdev K N. Clinical Pathology and Bacteriology, 8 th edi JP Bros, New Delhi, 1996 Microbiology I Theory: 70 Hours Practicals: 20 Hours 1. Introduction (6 hrs) History of Microbiology - Louis Pasteur, Antony Van Leeuvenhoek, Robert Koch, Edward Jenner, Alexander Fleming. Use of microscope in the study of bacteria - Types of microscopes - compound microscope, phase contrast microscope, electron microscope, fluorescent microscope, dark ground microscope. Morphology of bacterial cell 2. Growth and Nutrition (6 hrs.) Nutrition, growth and multiplication of bacteria, bacterial growth curve, culture media, culture methods, anaerobic culture methods. 3. Sterilization and disinfection (8 hrs.) Principles and use of equipments of sterilization, chemicals used in disinfection, testing of disinfectants. 4. Biomedical waste management principle and practice Immunology ( 5hrs.) Immunity - mechanism of immunity, classification, types Vaccines Immunization schedule Definition of antigen, antibody, list of antigen antibody reaction (no need of detailed account of antigen antibody reactions) Definition of hypersensitivity and classification (no need of detailed account of types of hypersensitivity) 5. Infection (5 hrs.) Definition, types and mode of transmission Hospital acquired infection - causative agents, mode of transmission and prophylaxis. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing 6. Systematic bacteriology (15 hrs.) Disease caused and laboratory diagnosis of medically important bacteria (Staphylococcus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, MRSA, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pneumococcus, gonococcus, 34  E.coli, diarrhoeagenic E.coli, Salmonella, Vibrio cholerae, ElTor vibrios, Halophilic vibrios, Shigella, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, Atypical Mycobacteria, Treponema pallidum, leptospira) (no need of classification, antigenic structure, virulence mechanism) 7. Parasitology (10 hrs.) Introduction to Parasitology List of medically important parasites and diseases (E.histolytica, Plasmodium, W.bancrofti, Ascaris, Ancylostoma, B.coli, G.lamblia, T.solium, T.saginata) Laboratory diagnosis of parasitic infection (No need of including life cycles) 8. Virology (10 hrs.) Introduction to virology List of medically important viruses and diseases (AIDS, Hepatitis, Rabies, Polio, Arbo viruses) Cultivation of viruses and laboratory diagnosis of viral infections 9. Mycology (5 hrs.) Introduction to Mycology Classification of medically important fungi - (based on morphology, spore production, disease production, taxonomy) List of medically important fungi and diseases (Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis, Dermatophytes, Aspergillosis, Mucor Mycosis) Laboratory diagnosis of fungal infections. Practicals (20 hrs.) Compound microscope (Demonstration) Demonstration of sterilization equipments Demonstration of culture media and culture methods Demonstration of antibiotic sensitivity testing Demonstration of serological tests - Widal, VDRL, ASO, CRP, RA Demonstration of gram stain and ZN staining Demonstration of Helminthic ova Grams stain, Acid fast staining Stool exam for Helminthic ova There shall be no university practical examination and Internal Assessment marks secured in practicals need not be sent to the university. INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Theory-average of 2 exams conducted 20 Practicals: record and lab work* 10 * There shall be no university practical examination and internal assessment marks secured in Practicals need not be sent to the university. 35  SCHEME OF EXAMINATION THEORY There shall be one theory paper of three hours duration carrying 100 marks. Distribution of type of questions and marks for Microbiology I shall be as given under. SUBJECTS HAVING MAXIMUM MARKS= 100 (for First year) Type of Questions No. of Questions Marks for Each Questions Long Essay 2 10 Short Essay 10 05 Short Answer 10 03 1. Long essay- 2 Questions (second question choice) 2x10= 20 marks 2. Short essay- 10 Questions (Questions no 5 &10 choice) 10x5= 50 marks 3. Short answer- 10 Questions (Questions no 15 & 20 choice) 10x3= 30 marks Total= 100 Distribution of Marks for University Theory and Practical Exam Theory Practicals Grand total Theory Viva IA Sub Practicals IA Sub Total Voce Total 100 - 20 120 * 120 Reference Books- 1. Ananthanarayana & Panikar Medical Microbiology- University Press 2. Robert Cruckshank- Medical Microbiology- The Practice of Medical Microbiology 3. Chatterjee- Parasitology- Interpretation to Clinical Medicine 4. Rippon- Medical Mycology 5. Emmons- Medical Mycology 6. Basic Laboratory methods in Parasitology, J P Bros, New Delhi 7. Basic Laboratory procedures in clinical bacteriology, J P Bros, New Delhi 8. Medical Parasitology- Ajit Damle 9. Introduction to medical microbiology- Ananthanarayana- Orient Longman Pvt. Ltd 36  SUBSIDIARY SUBJECTS ENGLISH COURSE OUTLINE COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course is designed to help the student acquire a good command and comprehension of the English language through individual papers and conferences. BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: The student at the end of training is able to 1. Read and comprehend English language 2. Speak and write grammatically correct English 3. Appreciates the value of English literature in personal and professional life. UNIT - I: INTRODUCTION: Study Techniques Organisation of effective note taking and logical processes of analysis and synthesis Use of the dictionary Enlargement of vocabulary Effective diction UNIT - II: APPLIED GRAMMAR: Correct usage The structure of sentences The structure of paragraphs Enlargements of Vocabulary UNIT - III: WRITTEN COMPOSITION: Precise writing and summarizing Writing of bibliography Enlargement of Vocabulary UNIT - IV: READING AND COMPREHENSION: Review of selected materials and express oneself in one's words. Enlargement of Vocabulary. UNIT - V: THE STUDY OF THE VARIOUS FORMS OF COMPOSITION: Paragraph, Essay, Letter, Summary, Practice in writing UNIT - VI: VERBAL COMMUNICATION: Discussions and summarization, Debates, Oral reports, use in teaching Scheme of Examination Written (Theory): Maximum Marks: –80 marks. No Practical or 37  Viva voce examination This is a subsidiary subject, examination to be conducted by respective colleges. Marks required for a pass is 35% REFERENCE 1. English Grammar Collins, Birmingham University, International Language Data Base, Rupa & Co. 1993 2. Wren and Martin - Grammar and Composition, 1989, Chanda & Co, Delhi 3. Letters for all Occasions. A S Myers. Pub - Harper Perennial 4. Spoken English V. Shasikumar and P V Dhanija. Pub. By: Tata Mcgraw Hill, New Delhi 5. Journalism Made Simple D Wainwright 6. Writers Basic Bookself Series, Writers Digest series 7. Interviewing by Joan Clayton Platkon 8. Penguin Book of Interviews. HEALTH CARE Teaching Hours : 40 Introduction to Health Definition of Health, Determinants of Health, Health Indicators of India, Health Team Concept. National Health Policy National Health Programmes ( Briefly Objectives and scope) Population of India and Family welfare programme in India Introduction to Nursing What is Nursing ? Nursing principles. Inter-Personnel relationships. Bandaging : Basic turns; Bandaging extremities; Triangular Bandages and their application. Nursing Position, Bed making, prone, lateral, dorsal, dorsal re-cumbent, Fowler's positions, comfort measures, Aids and rest and sleep. Lifting And Transporting Patients: Lifting patients up in the bed. Transferring from bed to wheel chair. Transferring from bed to stretcher. Bed Side Management: Giving and taking Bed pan, Urinal : Observation of stools, urine. 38 Observation of sputum, Understand use and care of catheters, enema giving. Methods Of Giving Nourishment: Feeding, Tube feeding, drips, transfusion Care of Rubber Goods Recording of body temperature, respiration and pulse, Simple aseptic technique, sterilization and disinfection. Surgical Dressing: Observation of dressing procedures First Aid: Syllabus as for Certificate Course of Red Cross Society of St. John's Ambulance Brigade. Reference Books: Preventive and Social Medicine by J.Park Text Book of P & SM by Park and Park Counseling & Communicate skills for medical and health, Bayne- Orient Longman Pvt. Ltd. Scheme of Examination Written (Theory): Maximum Marks: –80 marks. No Practical or Viva voce examination This is a subsidiary subject, examination to be conducted by respective colleges. Marks required for a pass is 35% 39  SECOND YEAR B.SC CARDIAC CARE TECHNOLOGY APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY General concepts about pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Principles involved in drug activity. I. Autonomic nerves system. Anatomy & functional organisation. Listofdrugsacting an ANSincludingdose, routeofadministration, indications, contra indications and adverse effects. II. Cardiovasculardrugs-Enumeratethemodeofaction,sideeffects Andtherapeuticusesofthe following drugs. a. Antihypertensive Beta Adrenergic antagonists Alpha Adrenergic antagonists Peripheral Vasodilators Calcium channel blockers b. Antiarrhythmic drugs c. Cardiac glycosides d. Sympathetic and non-sympathetic inotropic agents. e. Coronary vasodilators. f. Antianginal and anti failureagents g. Lipid lowering & anti atherosclerotic drugs. h. Drugs used in Haemostais - anticoagulants Thrombolytics and antithrombolytics. i. Cardioplegic drugs- History, Principles and types of cardioplegia. j. Primary solutions - History, principles & types. k. Drugs used in the treatment of shock. III. Anaesthetic agents. Definition of general and local anaesthetics. Classification of general anaesthetics. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of inhaled anaesthetic agents. Intravenous general anaesthetic agents. Localanaesthetics-classificationmechanismofaction, durationofactionandmethodsto prolong the duration of action. Preparation, dose and routes of administration. 9. 40 IV. Analgesics Definition and classification Routes of administration, dose, frequency of administration, Side effects and management of non opioid and opioidanalgesics V. Antihistamines and antiemetics- Classification, Mechanism of action, adverse effects, Preparations, dose and routes and administration. VI. CNS stimulants and depressants Alcohol Sedatives, hypnotics and narcotics CNS stimulants Neuromuscular blocking agents and muscle relaxants. VII. Pharmacological protection of organs during CPB VIII. Inhalational gases and emergencydrugs. IX. Pharmacotherapy of respiratory disorders Introduction - Modulators of bronchial smooth muscle tone and pulmonary vascularsmooth muscle tone Pharmacotherapy of bronchial asthma Pharmacotherapy of cough Mucokinetic and mucolytic agents Use of bland aerosols in respiratory care. X. Corticosteroids - Classification, mechanism of action, adverse effects and complications. Preparation, dose and routes of administration. XI Diuretics Renal physiology Side of action ofdiuretics Adverse effects Preparations, dose and routes of administration. XII. Chemotherapy of infections Definition Classification and mechanism of action of antimicrobial agents 41  Combination of antimicrobial agents Chemoperophylaxis. Classification, spectrumofactivity, dose,routesofadministrationandadverseeffectsof penicillin, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, antitubercular drugs. XIII. Miscellaneous. IV fluids- various preparations and their usage. Electrolyte supplements Immunosuppressive agents New drugs included in perfusion technology. Drugs used in metabolic and electrolyte imbalance. PRACTICALS: 1. Preparation and prescription of drugs of relevance. 2. Experimental pharmacology directed to show the effects of commonly used drugs ofrelevance and interpretation of few charts. Scheme of Examination Theory There shall be one theory paper of three hours duration carrying 100 marks. Distribution of type of questions and marksforAPPLIEDANATOMY&PHYSIOLOGYRELATEDTODIALYSISTECHNOLOGY PAPER 1 shall be as given under. SUBJECTS HAVING MAXIMUM MARKS= 100 Type of Questions No. of Questions Marks for Each Questions Long Essay 2 10 Short Essay 10 05 Short Answer 10 03 1. Long essay- 2 Questions (second question choice) 2x10= 20 marks 2. Short essay- 10 Questions (Questions no 5 &10 choice) 10x5= 50 marks 3. Short answer- 10 Questions (No choice) 10x3= 30 marks Total= 100 NO PRACTICAL EXAMINATION 42  Recommended Books. 1. R. S. Satoskar, S.D. Bhandarkar, S. S. Ainapure, Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 18th Edition, single Volume, M/S Popular Prakashan, 350, Madan Mohan Marg, Tardeo, Bombay - 400 034. 2. K.D. Tripathi, Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, V. Edition, M/s. Jaypee Brothers, Post Box, 7193, G-16, EMCA House, 23/23, Bansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi. Laurence and Bennet, Clinical Pharmacology, ELBS Edition, 9th Edition. 4. Experimental Pharmacology for Under Graduates, Prabhakar, , Orient Longman PVT Ltd. APPLIED PATHOLOGY I. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Atherosclerosis- Definition, risk factors, briefly Pathogenesis & morphology, clinical significance and prevention. Hypertension- Definition, types and briefly Pathogenesis and effects of Hypertension. Aneurysms - Definition, classification, Pathology and complications. Pathophysiology of Heart failure. Cardiac hypertrophy - causes, Pathophysiology & Progression to Heart Failure. Ischaemic heart diseases- Definition, Types. Briefly Pathophysiology, Pathology & Complications of various types of IHD. Valvular Heart diseases- causes, Pathology & complication. Complications of artificial valves. Cardiomyopathy - Definition, Types, causes and significance. Pericardial effusion- causes, effects and diagnosis. 43  Congenital heart diseases - Basic defect and effects of important types of congenital heart diseases. II. HAEMATOLOGY Anaemia - Definition, morphological types and diagnosis of anaemia. Brief concept about Haemolytic anaemia and polycythaemia. Leukocyte disorders- Briefly leukaemia, leukocytosis, agranulocytosis etc., Bleeding disorders- Definition, classification, causes & effects of important types of bleeding disorders. Briefly various laboratory tests used to diagnose bleeding disorders. III. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Chronic obstructive airway diseases - Definition and types. Briefly causes, Pathology and complications of each type of COPD. Briefly concept about obstructive versus restrictive pulmonary disease. Pneumoconiosis- Definition, types, Pathology and effects in brief. Pulmonary congestion and oedema. Pleural effusion - causes, effects and diagnosis. IV. RENAL SYSTEM Clinical manifestations of renal diseases. Briefly causes, mechanism, effects and laboratory diagnosis of ARF& CRS. Briefly Glomerulonephritis and Pyelonephritis. Endstagerenaldisease- Definition, causes, effectsandroleofdialysisandrenal transplantation in its management. Brief concept about obstructive uropathy. PRACTICALS 1. Description & diagnosis of the following gross specimens. A. Atherosclerosis. B. Aortic aneurysm. c. Myocardial infraction. d. Emphysema 44  e. Chronic glomerulonephritis. f. Chronic pyelonephritis. 2. Interpretation & diagnosis of the following charts. a. hematology Chart - AML, CML, Hemophilia, neutrophilia, eosinophilia. b. Urine Chart - ARF, CRF, Acute glomerulonephritis. 3. Estimation of Hemoglobin. 4. Estimation Bleeding & Clottingtime. Scheme of Examination Theory There shall be one theory paper with 2 section of three hours duration carrying 50 marks each. Distribution of type of questions and marks for Applied Pathology shall be as given under. SUBJECTS HAVING MAXIMUM MARKS= 50 MARKS Type of Questions No. of Questions Marks for Each Questions Long Essay 1 10 Short Essay 05 05 Short Answer 05 03 1. Long essay- 1 Questions (No choice) 1x10= 10 marks 2. Short essay- 05 Questions (Choice is in Questions no 3) 05x5= 25 marks 3. Short answer- 05 Questions (Choice is in Questions no 3) 05x3= 15 marks Total= 50 45 PRACTICAL EXAMINATION 40 Marks There will be a Combined Practical examination for Applied Pathology & Applied Microbiology. Hematology Chart 2 Interpretation of Urine Chart 05 3 Estimation of Hemoglobin 05 4 Estimation of Bleeding time & 05 Clotting time TOTAL 20 46  APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY THEORY - 40 HOURS 1. Health care associated infections and Antimicrobial resistance: Infections that patients acquire during the course of receiving treatment for other conditions within a healthcare setting like Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections, Infections caused by Clostriduium difficle, Vancomycin resistant enterococci etc. Catheter related blood stream infections, Ventilator associated pneumonia, Catheter Related urinary tract infections, Surveillance of emerging resistance and changing flora. The impact and cost attributed to Hospital Associated infection. 6 Hours 2. Disease communicable to Healthcare workers in hospital set up and its preventive measure: Occupationally acquired infections in healthcare professionals by respiratory route ( tuberculosis, varicella- zoster, respiratory synctial virus etc ), blood borne transmission ( HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Cytomegalovirus, Ebola virus etc), oro faecal route ( Salmonella, Hepatitis A etc), direct contact ( Herpes Simplex Virus etc). Preventive measures to combat the spread of these infections by monitoring and control 6 Hours 3. Microbiological surveillance and sampling: Required to determine the frequency of potential bacterial pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis and also to assess the antimicrobial resistance.Sampling: rinse technique, direct surface agar plating technique. 6 Hours 4. Importance of sterilization: a. Disinfection of instruments used in patient care: Classification, different methods, advantages and disadvantages of the various methods. b. Disinfection of the patient care unit c. Infection control measures for ICU's 10 Hours 5. 6. Sterilization: a. Rooms: Gaseous sterilization, one atmosphere uniform glow discharge plasma (OAUGDP). b. Equipments: classification of the instruments and appropriate methods of sterilization. c. Central supply department: the four areas and the floor plan for instrument cleaning, high-level disinfecting and sterilizing areas 8 Hours 47  7. Preparation of materials for autoclaving: Packing of different types of materials, loading, holding time and unloading. 4 Hours PRACTICALS - 30 HOURS 1. Principles of autoclaving & quality control of Sterilization. 2. Collection of specimen from outpatient units, inpatient units, minor operation theater and major operation theater for sterility testing. 3. The various methods employed for sterility testing. 4. Interpretation of results of sterility testing. 5. Disinfection of wards, OT and Laboratory. Scheme of Examination Theory There shall be one theory paper with 2 section of three hours duration carrying 50 marks each Distribution of type of questions and marks for Applied Microbiology shall be as given under SUBJECTS HAVING MAXIMUM MARKS= 50 MARKS Type of Questions No. of Questions Marks for Each Questions Long Essay 1 10 Short Essay 05 05 Short Answer 05 03 1. Long essay- 1 Questions (No choice) 1x10= 10 marks 2. Short essay- 05 Questions (Choice is in Questions no 3) 05x5= 25 marks 3. Short answer- 05 Questions (Choice is in Questions no 3) 05x3= 15 marks Total= 50 48  PRACTICAL EXAMINATION 40 Marks There will be a Combined Practical examination for Applied Pathology & Applied Microbiology. SL NO TEST MARKS 1 Dry heat / Moist heat: Temperature recording charts 05 interpretation 2 Dry heat / Moist heat: Colour change indicators 05 interpretation Air sampling culture plates interpretation of Colony forming 3 units based on air flow rate and sampling time 05 Interpretation of Sterility of Hemodialysis water 4 Distilled water /Deionised water based on growth of 05 colonies in BHI agar to be reported as X CFU/mL Total 20 Scheme of examination theory There shall be one theory paper of three hours duration carrying 50 marks. Distribution of type of questions and marks for applied aspects of pathology & microbiology SUBJECTS HAVING MAXIMUM MARKS= 50 MARKS Type of Questions No. of Questions Marks for Each Questions Long Essay 1 10 Short Essay 05 05 Short Answer 05 03 1. Long essay- 1 Questions (No choice) 1x10= 10 marks 2. Short essay- 05 Questions (Choice is in Questions no 3) 05x5= 25 marks 3. Short answer- 05 Questions (Choice is in Questions no 3) 05x3= 15 marks Total= 50 Practical exam: 80 marks 49 MEDICINE RELEVANT TO CARDIAC CARE TECHNOLOGY Cardiovascular System Ischemic heart diseases Rheumatic heart disease Congenital heart disease Hypertension Aortic Aneurysms Cardiomyopathy Peripheral vascular disease Pulmonary oedema and LV failure Hematology Anaemia Bleeding disorders Laboratory tests used to diagnose bleeding disorders (in brief) Respiratory System Chronic obstructive airway diseases (COPD) Concept of obstructive versus restrictive pulmonary disease PFT and its interpretation Renal System ARF & CRF End stage renal disease Role of dialysis and renal transplantation in its management CNS Automatic nervous system (Sympathetic & Parasympathetic system) Brief mention of CNS disorders & their etiology Others DM Obesity Pregnancy Paediatric Patient (neonate/Infant) Elderly patient Scheme of Examination Theory There shall be one theory paper of three hours duration carrying 100 marks. Distribution of type of questions and marks for Medicine relevant to Cardiac Care Technology shall be as given under. 50  SUBJECTS HAVING MAXIMUM MARKS= 100 Type of Questions No. of Questions Marks for Each Questions Long Essay 2 10 Short Essay 10 05 Short Answer 10 03 1. Long essay- 2 Questions (second question choice) 2x10= 20 marks 2. Short essay- 10 Questions (Questions no 5 &10 choice) 10x5= 50 marks 3. Short answer- 10 Questions (No choice) 10x3= 30 marks Total= 100 NO PRACTICAL EXAMINATION INTRODUCTION TO CARDIAC CARE TECHNOLOGY I. Electrocardiography (ECG) 1. Basic Principles a. The Electrocardiographic paper b. The electrocardiograph c. The Electrical field of Heart The leads: Standard limb, Precardial lead, 'V' leads & 'AV' lead Basic ECG deflections Basic action of electrocardiograph 2. Normal ECG The 'P' wave the 'qrs'complex The genesis of 'qrs' complex T wave; the S-T segment The 'U' wave Rate & rhythm The Q-T interval 3. The Electrical axis 4. Precardial pattern of ECG 5. Chamber enlargement - atrial enlargement, LV hypertrophy & RV hypertrophy 51  6. Bundle branch block General principles Right Bundle branch block Left bundle branch block The Hemi blocks (Fascicular block) 7. AV Blocks-basics 8. II. Exercise stress Testing 1. Exercise 2. Exercise protocols 3. Electrocardiography measurements 4. Exercise testing - Indication and techniques III.Echocardiography 1. Principles of Echocardiography Basic principles of ultrasound M-Mode of Echocardiography Two dimensional Echocardiography Doppler Echocardiography; colour flow Transoesophageal Echocardiography 2. Instrumentation Basic pulse Echo system Transducers Pulse generation Echo detection A mode, B-Mode, M-Mode 52  Display & recording 3. Echocardiographic Examination Selecting transducers Position of the patient Placement of the transducer Setting control M-Mode labelling 2 D Echo Normal variants Terminology Identification of segments 4. Doppler Echocardiography Introduction to Doppler colour Echocardiography The Doppler principles Doppler ultrasound techniques Colour Doppler flow imaging Clinical application of Doppler Echocardiograph a. Physical principles & instrumentation in spectral & colour Doppler flow imaging b. Physical principles and Doppler effect. The Doppler Echocardiography system display c. Blood flow pattern - Laminar & non-laminar flow d. Doppler Echo cardiograph modes Continuous wave Doppler system Pulsed Doppler system High pulse repetition frequency Problems of colour imaging 53  5. Contrast Echo 6. Echo measurements of chambers -'ASE' recommendation IV. Cathlab 1. Basics:- Machine, Radiation 2. Generation of X-Ray 3. Hazards of radiation REFERENCE 1. Feigenbaum’s Echocardiography- Latest edition 2. The Echo Manual- From the Mayo clinic- Latest edition 3. Leo Schamroth- An Introduction to Electrocardiography 4. Marriott’s practical Electrocardiography 5. Gross man & Baims cardiac catheterization, Angiography and Intervention 6. Braunwald’s Heart Disease: A text book of cardiovascular medicine- Latest edition SCHEME OF EXAMINATION HEORY There shall be one theory paper of three hours duration carrying 100 marks. Distribution of type of questions and marks for Introduction to Cardiac Care Technology shall be as given under. SUBJECTS HAVING MAXIMUM MARKS= 100 Type of Questions No. of Questions Marks for Each Questions Long Essay 2 10 Short Essay 10 05 Short Answer 10 03 54  1. Long essay- 2 Questions (second question choice) 2x10= 20 marks 2. Short essay- 10 Questions (Questions no 5 &10 choice) 10x5= 50 marks 3. Short answer- 10 Questions (No choice) 10x3= 30 marks Total= 100 PRACTICAL EXAMINATION 40 Marks -Basic knowledge about ultrasound machine, cathlab machine - Basics views in echocardiography - Interpretation of ECG / TMT reports - Subsidiary Subject: SOCIOLOGY Teaching Hours: 20 Course Description: This course will introduce student to the basic sociology concepts, principles and social process, social institutions [in relation to the individual, family and community and the various social factors affecting the family in rural and urban communities in India will be studied. Introduction Meaning - Definition and scope of sociology Its relation to Anthropology, Psychology, Social Psychology Methods of Sociological investigations - Case study, social survey, questionnaire, interview and opinion poll methods. Importanceofitsstudywithspecialreferencetohealthcareprofessionals Social Factors in Health and Disease: Meaning of social factors Role of social factors in health and disease Socialization: Meaning and nature of socialization Primary, Secondary and Anticipatory socialization Agencies of socialization Social Groups: Concepts of social groups, influence off or mal and informal groups on health and sickness. The role of primary group sand secondary groups in the hospital and rehabilitation setup. 55 Family: The family, meaning and definitions Function softy pes of family Changing family patterns Influence of family on individual's health, family and nutrition, the effects of sickness in the family and psychosomatic disease and their importance to physiotherapy Community: Rural community: Meaning and features - Health hazards to rural communities, health hazards to tribal community. Urban community-Meaning and features-Health hazard so furbanities Culture and Health: Concept of Health Concept of culture Culture and Health Culture and Health Disorders Social Change: Meaning of social changes Factors of social changes Human adaptation and social change Social change and stress Social change and deviance Social change and health programme The role of social planning in the improvement of health and rehabilitation Social Problems of disabled: Consequences of the following social problem sinrelation to sickness and disability remedies to prevent the seproblems Population explosion Poverty and unemployment Beggary Juvenile delinquency Prostitution Alcoholism Problems of women in employment Social Security: Social Security and social legislation in relation to the disabled Social Work: Meaning of Social Work The role of a Medical Social Worker INDIAN CONSTITUTION Prescribed for the First Year students of all degree classes Unit-I: Meaning of the team 'Constitution' making of the Indian Constitution 1946-1940. Unit-II: The democratic institutions created by the constitution Bicameral system of Legislature at the Centre and in the States. Unit-III: Fundamental Rights and Duties their content and significance. Unit - IV: DirectivePrinciplesofStatesPoliciestheneedtobalanceFundamentalRights with Directive Principles. Unit - V: Special Rights created in the Constitution for: Dalits, Back wards,Women and Children and the Religious and Linguistic Minorities. Unit-VI: Doctrine of Separation of Powers legislative, Executive and Judicial and their functioning in India. 56  Unit- VII: The Election Commission and State Public Service commissions. Unit- VIII: Method of amending the Constitution. Unit - IX: Enforcing rights through Writs: Unit - X: Constitution and Sustainable Development in India. Books: 1. J.C. Johari: The Constitution of India- A Politico-Legal Study-Sterling Publication, Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 2. J.N. Pandey: Constitution Law of India, Allahbad, Central Law Agency, 1998. 3. Granville Austin: The Indian Constitution-CornerStoneofa Nation-Oxford, New Delhi, 2000. ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE & HEALTH Introduction to Environment and Health Sources, health hazards and control of environmental pollution Water Theconceptofsafeandwholesomewater.Therequirementsofsanitarysourcesofwater. Understanding the methods of purification of water on small scale and large scale. Various biological standards, including WHO guidelines for third world countries. Concept and methods for assessing quality of water. Domestic refuse, sullage, human excreta and sewage their effects on environment and health, methods and issues related to their disposal. Awareness of standard so of housing and the effect of poor housing on health. Role of arthropods in the causation of diseases, mode of transmission of arthropods borne diseases, methods of control Recommended Books REFERENCES: Environment Science & Health 1. Text Book of Environmental Studies for undergraduate courses By Erach Bharucha Reprintedin 2006, Orient Longman Private Limited /Universities Press India Pvt. Ltd. 2. English Kannada Encyclopedia Dictionary, Orient Longman PVT Ltd. Course Contents Third Year Main Subjects Paper- I Cardiac Care Technology - Clinical 1. Echoinrheumaticheartdisease-Echoinmitralstenosis,mitralincompetence, aortic stenosis, aortic incompetence, Tricuspid valve diseases, pulmonary hypertension. Post AVR,postMVR.Prostheticvalvemalfunction,LA/LAAclot 2. Echoincongenitalheartdisease- Echoin ASD,VSD,PDApulmonarystenosis, aortic stenosis, contraction of aorta, TOF. Dextrocardia. 3. Echo in ischemic heart disease-Echo in acutemy ocardialin farction,old myocardialinfarctionandotherischemicheartdiseaserelatedconditions,LV aneurysm, VSR, Ischemic MR 57  4. Echo in other v casrcduiolar disease- Echo in various types of cardio myopathy infectiveendocarditisdiseasesofaorta, mitral valveprolapse, my xomaandother cardio vasculardiseases. 5. AssessmentofCardiacfunction- measurementsofallcardiacchambersand assessment of cardiac function(Diastolic, Systolic) 6. Echo in pericardial disease- pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, constructive pericarditis 7. Cardiaccatheterisationlaboratory-generaldetailsofcardiaccatheterisation equipment, how tohandlethe machine, commonproblems one maycomeacross and how to over come it, radiation hazards 8. Radiation physics-basics,generationofradiations,effectonpatients/ staffs 9. Materials used in the cathlab- all catheters, balloons, guidewires, pacemakers contrast materialandothermaterialusedinthecardiaccatheterisationlaboratory and sterilization of all these materials 10. Rightheartcatheterisation-procedure,cathposition,oxymetryatvarious levels, angiogram done and its interpretation 11. Left heart catheterisation - procedure, cath position, oxymetry at various levels, angiogram done and its interpretation 12. Coronaryangiogram-procedure,materialsused,typeandamountdyeused, indicationsandcontra indications,various pictures recordedinvariousanglesand gross interpretation. Peripheralangiogram- procedure, indicationandcontraindication REFERENCE 1. Feigenbaum’s Echocardiography- Latest edition 2. The Echo Manual- Fromthe Mayoclinic- Latestedition 3. Leo Schamroth- An Introduction to Electrocardiography 4. Marriott’spracticalElectrocardiography 5. Grossman&Baims cardiac catheterization, Angiography and Intervention 6. Braunwald’s Heart Disease:A textbook of cardiovascular medicine- Latest edition 58  Scheme of examination theory There shall be one theory paper of three hours duration carrying 100 marks. Distribution of type of questions and marks for applied dialysis technology paper shall be as given under. SUBJECTS HAVING MAXIMUM MARKS= 100 Type of Questions No. of Questions Marks for Each Questions Long Essay 2 10 Short Essay 10 05 Short Answer 10 03 1. Long essay- 2 Questions (second question choice) 2x10= 20 marks 2. Short essay- 10 Questions (Questions no 5 &10 choice) 10x5= 50 marks 3. Short answer- 10 Questions (No choice)