Histotechnology Cat 1 Past Paper Dec 2022 PDF

# HISTOTECHNOLOGY ## 12 December – 18 December ## HISTOTECHNOLOGY CAT 1 DEC 2022 ### Question 1 Following decalcification, tissues are recommended to be washed in a neutralization solution. Which among the following cannot be used: - 5% Aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate - Washing in 70% eth...

# HISTOTECHNOLOGY ## 12 December – 18 December ## HISTOTECHNOLOGY CAT 1 DEC 2022 ### Question 1 Following decalcification, tissues are recommended to be washed in a neutralization solution. Which among the following cannot be used: - 5% Aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate - Washing in 70% ethanol - Rinsing for several hours in running tap water - Rinsing in Phosphate buffered saline - Rinsing in Absolute ethanol ### Question 2 10% Neutralized formalin contains which ingredient for the maintenance of pH: - Acetic acid - Calcium carbonate - Phosphoric acid - Magnesium sulfate - Calcium hydroxide ### Question 5 Which one is NOT a characteristic of recommended container for fixation of biopsy specimens: - Plastic in nature - Clear/transparent - Leak-proof - Firm glass - Wide mouth ### Question 6 The addition of 5% phenol solution in 95% ethanol will ensure: - Fast dehydration of tissue - Easy penetration of dehydrants to the tissue - Softening of bone tissue missed during grossing - Softening of keratinized tissues like nails - Coloring small fragments of biopsies ### Question 7 A type of microtome in which a block is held stationary and the knife moves horizontally is called; - Rotary microtome - Base sledge microtome - Sliding microtome - Freezing microtome - Cambridge rocking microtome ### Question 8 A step of microtomy where the tissue section is stretched to compensate for any processing effects is called: - Fishing - Trimming - Sectioning - Draining - Floatation ### Question 9 The two types of electron microscopes are: - Phase contrast and Interference electron microscope - Bright field and dark ground electron microscope - Transmission and scanning electron microscope - Phase contrast and dark ground electron microscope - Emission and transmission electron microscope ### Question 10 The usefulness of manual tissue processing may include all of the following, EXCEPT: - Power failure - Equipment malfunctioning. - Large tissue samples require more time than can be allocated on an automated processor. - Rapid tissue processing - Research purpose ## Question 11 To achieve a gradual dehydration process, tissues are dehydrated using: - Ascending grades of alcohol - Descending grades of alcohol - Denatured alcohol only - Pure alcohol only - Universal solvents only ### Question 12 10% Neutral buffered formalin is better classified as: - Alcoholic fixative - Mercury containing fixative - Micro-anatomical fixative - Nuclear fixative - Cytoplasmic fixative ### Question 13 When a part of the lesion is sampled and presented to the laboratory for investigation, the sample is classified as: - Benign specimen - Excisional biopsy - Curretings - Malignant specimen - Incisional biopsy ### Question 14 In the dissection room the following are important requirements EXCEPT: - Pens for marking cassettes - Bucket of formalin for putting grossed tissue - Acetic acid spray for drying grossing ink - Macerator for macerating tissue debris - Sharp box to hold used sharps ### Question 15 The cryostat is likely to contain which type of microtome - Rotary microtome - Base sledge microtome - Sliding microtome - Freezing microtome - Cambridge rocking microtome ### Question 16 A commonly applied nuclear fixative is; - Carnoy's fluid - Bouin's fluid - Helly's solution - Flemming fluid - Gendre fluid ### Question 17 Cold Ischemic time is best described as: - Time taken during collection of biopsy specimens - Time taken during collection of autopsy specimens - The time-lapse between the sample received in the laboratory for the investigation to when the results are ready - Time-lapse from when blood supply is cut from that particular area to when the tissue is removed from the body. - Time-lapse from when the biopsy specimen is collected to when it is immersed in a fixative ### Question 18 In the fluorescent microscopy technique, the basic principle is that: - Substances absorb light of short wavelength and emit light of longer wavelength - Substances absorb light of longer wavelength and emit light of short wavelength - Microscope emits light of short wavelength and absorbs light of longer wavelength - Microscope emits light of long wavelength and absorbs light of short wavelength - The microscope converts fluorescent light to bright field light required for examination ### Question 19 The following is NOT associated with grossing and processing of tiny fragments of tissues: - Color the specimen with 0.5% eosin - Wrap the specimens in processing paper - Color the specimens with grossing ink - Cheese paste can be used if orientation is key - The finely perforated cassette can be used ### Question 20 Which fixative is known to fix lipids: - Carnoy's fluid - Osmium tetroxide - Bouin's fluid - Helly's solution - Flemming fluid ### Question 21 When the whole of the breast is taken out following diagnosis of breast cancer, the specimen is routinely referred to as: - Hysterectomy specimen - Colectomy specimen - Mastectomy specimen - Amputational specimen - Endoscopy specimen ### Question 22 The following are common preparation of 10% formalin, EXCEPT: - 10% Formalin - 10% Formal saline - 10% Neutral buffered formalin - 10% Formal Calcium - 10% Formal alcohol ### Question 23 The recommended decalcifying fluid for teeth is: - Perenyi's fluid - 10% Nitric acid - Ethylenediaminetetracetic acid - Von Ebner's solution - 10% Sulphuric acid ### Question 24 The process of removing calcium patches from the block of tissue is referred to as: - Decalcification - Demineralization - Osteoporosis - Surface decalcification - Calcification ### Question 25 The following is NOT the requirement of the grossing station: - Microtome - Cutting devices of different sizes - Cassette - Bucket of formalin - Weighing balance ### Question 26 The following biopsy specimen is likely to benefit from slicing: - Skin punch biopsy - Colonoscopy biopsy specimen - Mastectomy specimen - Hemicolectomy specimen - Endometrial curretings ### Question 27 The commonly used infiltrating media during tissue processing is: - Xylene - Ethanol - 10% Neutral buffered formalin - Paraffin wax - Acetone ### Question 28 Which one among the following is NOT a factor necessary to consider during the decalcification of bone tissue: - The concentration of the decalcifying solution - Size of the tissue - Degree of invasion of the tumor - The volume of the decalcifying agent - Type of decalcifying agent ### Question 29 Which one among the following compound fixatives does not contain Mercuric chloride: - Zenker solution - Bouin's fluid - Schaudin solution - Carnoy-Lebrun fluid - Helly's fluid ### Question 30 To improve the infiltration of paraffin wax during tissue processing, the following is commonly added: - Beeswax - Ceresin - Plasticizer - Dimethyl Sulphoxide - Plastic polymers ### Question 31 For ultrathin microscopic techniques, tissue must be embedded in: - Paraffin wax - Agar - Gelatin - Resin - Celloidin ### Question 32 The following cannot be achieved during tissue processing: - Removal of all extractable water - Fill all the spaces left by water with a supporting medium - Provide sufficient rigidity during sectioning - Minimal parenchymal damage during sectioning - Prevention of autolysis and putrefaction ### Question 33 The commonly used picric acid containing compound fixative is: - Carnoy's fluid - Bouin's fluid - Helly's solution - Flemming fluid - Gendre fluid ### Question 34 Which one is NOT a parameter necessary to be checked during pathology sample reception: - Presence of a specimen in a container - The specimen is fixed in 10% Neutral buffered formalin - Tissue to fixative ratio is correct - Specimen details match with its accompanying request form - Hemolysis of specimen ### Question 35 When the morphology of the decalcified tissue is more important, the following solution can be used for decalcification: - Perenyi's fluid - 10% Nitric acid - Von Ebner's solution - 10% Sulphuric acid - Ethylenediaminetraacetic acid ### Question 36 The usefulness of the frozen section does NOT involve: - Intra-operative consultation - Demonstration of reagent labile substances - Demonstration of heat-labile substances - Demonstration of connective tissue elements - Immunofluorescent techniques ### Question 37 During an investigation of death, samples may be collected to ascertain the cause of death, these samples are referred to as: - Biopsy specimens - Curretings - Autopsy specimens - Deathoscopy specimens - Post mortem ### Question 38 Which of the following method is NOT useful for the rapid freezing of tissue to avoid freezing artifacts: - Freezing in deep freezers - liquefied nitrogen - Isopentane supercooled by liquid nitrogen - Dry ice - Carbon dioxide gas ### Question 39 Tissues fixed in Bouin's fluid are transferred directly to 70% ethanol during processing. This is because: - Bouin's fluid contains 70% ethanol - Picrates formed during fixation is water soluble - Bouin's fluid tends to color solution less than 70% - Picric acid tends to react with 10% Neutral buffered formalin - Bouin's fluid tends to produce toxic fumes when mixed with alcohols less than 70% ### Question 40 The following statement is TRUE regarding the ion exchange resin method of decalcification: - Calcium salts from the bone are taken up by the resin - The chelating agent is used as the decalcifying agent - Resin is useful in refreshing the decalcifying solution - The bone tissue must be in contact with the resin - The movement of calcium ions is aided by an electric current ### Question 41 The recommended clearance angle during routine microtomy is: - 90º - 30º - 45º - 5º - 10º ### Question 42 The activation of the mechanical trimming device of the rotary microtome will allow cutting at which thickness: - The one set by the thickness adjustment knob - 33 µm - 55 µm - 303 µm - 1001 µm ### Question 43 During staining with Hematoxylin and eosin technique, decalcified tissue is likely to stain more with: - Hematoxylin - Periodic acid Schiff's - Brilliant blue - Alcian blue - Eosin ### Question 44 Which one is NOT associated with the properties of an ideal fixative: - Should kill the cells immediately - Should penetrate tissue rapidly and evenly - Should permit multiple staining methods - Should permit different tissue processing methods - Should be cost-effective ### Question 45 The following are useful methods during testing the endpoint of decalcification; EXCEPT: - Chemical method - Mechanical method - Biological method - Bubble test method - Change in weight method ### Question 46 A step of tissue processing where the tissue becomes more transparent is called: - Dehydration - Fixation - Clearing - Embedding - Infiltration ### Question 47 The recommended ratio of tissue to fixative during fixation is: - 1 part to 9 parts - 9 parts to 1 parts - 1 part to 1 part - 1 part to 99 parts - 10 parts to 900 parts ### Question 48 Which one is NOT a coagulant fixative: - Formaldehyde - Methanol - Mercuric chloride - Picric acid - Acetone ### Question 49 Which activity is NOT done during taking-In: - Weighing the tissue - Measuring the dimensions - Taking photos of specimens - Embedding - Specimen cut-up ### Question 50 The buffer used in buffering 10% Neutral buffered formalin is: - Phosphate buffer - Citrate buffer - Tris-buffer - Acetate buffer - Chloride ### Question 51 The SI Unit during taking dimensions of tissue in the process of grossing is: - Centimeters - Meters - Kilometers - Millimeters - Yards ### Question 52 The endpoint of decalcification during chemical testing is indicated by: - Formation of precipitate - Change in color of the tissue - Change in pH of the solution - Change in the smell of the tissue - Change in texture of tissue ### Question 53 A woman with abnormal endometrial hyperplasia is likely to undergo a medical procedure that is likely to produce the following specimen: - Endometroscopy - Endometritis - Colonoscopy - Endometrial curretings - Total abdominal hysterectomy ### Question 54 Fleming's fluid in which glacial acetic acid has been added serves better as: - Nuclear fixative - Cytoplasmic fixative - Micro-anatomical fixative - Lipid fixative - Carbohydrate fixative ### Question 55 The step of sample collection in a histopathology laboratory falls under which stage of total testing cycle: - Pre-analytic - Analytic - Pre-pre-analytic - Post analytic - Patient management ### Question 56 The following process must be completely done before the calcified tissue undergoes decalcification: - Fixation - Processing - Dehydration - Infiltration - Embedding ### Question 57 The following are categories of tissue in the human body, EXCEPT: - Brain tissue - Muscle tissue - Connective tissue - Epithelial tissue - Nervous tissue ### Question 58 When tissue is fixed in 10% Neutral buffered formalin, the tissue can stay fresh for the period of: - One week - One month - 6 months - One year - Indefinitely ### Question 59 In order to prevent formalin pigment in tissue fixed with formalin, one should consider? - Acidifying the formalin solution - Oxidizing the formalin solution - Reducing the formalin solution - Neutralizing the formalin solution - Buffering the formalin solution ### Question 60 A complete turn of the rotary microtome hand-wheel will move the block equal to: - The one set by the thickness adjustment knob - 33 µm - 55 µm - 303 µm - 1001 µm ### Question 61 The main function of Copper II-Sulphate added in absolute alcohol is: - Prolong the life of alcohol - Prepares tissue for infiltration - Indicates the presence of fixation artifacts - Fasten clearing of tissue - Prepares the tissue for clearing ### Question 62 During chemical testing of the endpoint of decalcification, which statement does NOT apply: - Positive test after the addition of ammonium hydroxide solution indicates the presence of a large amount of calcium - Positive test after the addition of ammonium hydroxide solution indicates the presence of a small amount of calcium - A negative test after the addition of ammonium hydroxide solution does not mean the endpoint is reached - Ammonium hydroxide is added until the solution is neutral - Following the addition of ammonium oxalate solution, when no precipitate is formed overnight, then the endpoint is achieved. ### Question 63 A Chemical substance known to stabilize tissue protein and prevent post-mortem changes is referred to as: - Preservative - Fixative - Dehydrating agent - Clearing agent - Infiltrating agent ### Question 64 The majority of open-system tissue processors take how many hours to complete the processing of the tissues: - 6 Hrs - 8 Hrs - 12 Hrs - 24 Hrs - 48 Hrs ### Question 65 Which one is NOT an advantage of using universal solvents during tissue processing: - Following treatment in universal solvents, tissue is infiltrated using paraffin wax - No need of clearing - Universal solvents are miscible with an infiltrating agent - Universal solvents are highly volatile hence evaporate easily before infiltration - Universal solvents perform both dehydration and clearing concurrently ### Question 66 The following are the disadvantage of tissue transfer type of tissue processor; EXCEPT: - Associated with fumes emission - Associated with the evaporation of reagents used - Associated with shrinkage of tissue - Associated with contamination of reagents - In case of power shortage tissue may dry ### Question 71 The study of technologies used in the manipulation of tissue for making it ready for examination under the microscope is referred to as: - Histology - Histotechnology - Histopathology - Pathology - Morbid anatomy ### Question 72 Following grossing, the cassettes containing tissue are kept in the: - Molten paraffin wax - 10% Neutral buffered formalin - 70% ethyl alcohol - Absolute ethyl alcohol - Xylene ### Question 67 During triple packaging of specimens for transportation purposes, the following does not apply: - Samples are kept in the same container with requisition forms - Containers holding specimens must be leak-proof - To minimize the risk of damage, caution materials are added between containers - The last container contains mailing addresses - Biohazard symbol must be included ### Question 68 During blocking the forceps are kept warm because: - Warm forceps attract any fragment of tissue - Warm forceps reduce static electricity - Warm forceps avoid the solidification of paraffin wax - Warm forceps are easy to handle - Warm forceps help to warm the hands of technical personnel ### Question 87 The fast penetrating fixative is: - 10% Neutral buffered formalin - Saturated aqueous picric acid - Glacial acetic acid - Alcohols - Potassium dichromate ### Question 88 Which one is not found in Bouin's fluid - Saturated aqueous picric acid - Formaldehyde - Water - Saturated alcoholic picric acid - Glacial acetic acid ### Question 69 Which one is NOT associated with incisional biopsy: - Diagnosis - Prognosis - Staging - Assessment of margins - Screening ### Question 70 For routine microtomy, which type of blade is routinely used: - High profile blade - Low profile blade - Intermediate profile blade - Plano-concave blade - Wedge-shaped blade ### Question 73 Which one is NOT among the cells likely to be found in the skin: - Melanocytes - Kupffer cells - Stem cells - Epithelial cells - Keratinocytes ### Question 74 The following parameters are essential to be recorded in the Pathology specimen register book, EXCEPT: - Patient's full names - Gender and age - Site of specimen - Fixative used - Clinician collected the sample ### Question 75 At the end of tissue processing, the cassettes will be found in the: - Paraffin wax container - Formalin container - Absolute alcohol container - 95% alcohol container - 70% alcohol container ### Question 76 A locking device used to lock the microtome wheel of a rotary microtome when in a vertical position is called: - Hand wheel locking device - Microtome lock - Microtome brake - Knife guard - Mechanical trimming device ### Question 77 Urea solution is useful during which stage of tissue handling: - Fixation - Decalcification - Processing - Grossing - Dehydration ### Question 89 Following collection of the biopsy specimen, when proper fixative is not accessible, the biopsy specimen is handled by: - Promptly freezing - Drying immediately - Putting in holding solution - Spraying with spray fixative - Discard the specimen immediately ### Question 90 Endoscopic specimens collected during the investigation of GIT conditions are likely to be: - Incisional biopsy - Excisional biopsy - Curretings - Malignant specimens - Benign specimens ### Question 78 Which of the following is gross only tissue component: - Tumor metastasis - Gallstones - Necrotic tissue - Apoptotic tissue - Tumor tissue ### Question 79 The following manuals define the day-to-day running of the laboratory, EXCEPT: - Sample collection manual - Quality manual - Safety manual - Patient's/Client's charter manual - Sample registration logbook ### Question 80 The tissues fixed in Carnoy's fluid are processed beginning at: - 10% Neutral buffered formalin - 70% ethanol - 95% Ethanol - Absolute ethanol - Xylene ### Question 81 Following blocking, the tissue blocks can be stored at which conditions: - Room temperature - Refrigerator - Deep freezer - 10% formalin - Xylene ### Question 82 Elongated tissues like prostate core needle biopsy specimens are usually blocked: - Longitudinally - Vertically - Diagonally - Transversely - Circularly ### Question 83 A phrase "2XK in 2C" means: - There are two fragments of tissue processed in two separate cassettes and wet tissue remains - There are two fragments of tissue processed in two separate cassettes and no wet tissue remains - There are two cassettes of tissue processed for two separate specimens - The processed tissue will be halved into two fragments after processing - There is no wet tissue remaining ### Question 84 The functional and structural unit of life is known as: - Nucleus - Cell - Organ - Organelle - Mitochondria ### Question 85 A punch biopsy is commonly collected on which of the following organ: - Liver - Lung - Skin - Heart - Brain ### Question 86 When the section is joined one next to the other to produce a chain of sections, this is called: - Ribbon section - Step section - Serial section - Deep section - Frozen section ### Question 3 Which one is not a property of the clearing agent: - Should have a refractive index near that of a protein - Should be miscible with a dehydrating agent - Should be miscible with an infiltrating agent - Should completely replace dehydrating agent - Should remove all extractable water from the tissue ### Question 4 For complete infiltration during tissue processing, the temperature in the paraffin wax container is set at: - 1°C above the melting point - 5°C above the melting point - 100°C above the melting point - 50°C below the melting point - 100°C below the melting point ### Question 95 The fluid used to orient fresh tissue before being frozen for the frozen section technique is called: - Orientation fluid - Gelling fluid - Gluing fluid - Optimal condition and temperature - Adhesive fluid ### Question 96 Which among the following reagents is NOT used as a clearing agent: - Xylene - Acetone - Toluene - Chloroform - Citrus fruit oils ### Question 97 Which one is a Non-additive fixative: - Formaldehyde - Osmium tetroxide - Mercuric chloride - Picric acid - Acetone ### Question 98 The paraffin wax commonly used in tropical countries has a melting point of: - 45°C - 56°C - 60°C - 25°C - 100°C ### Question 99 The part of the embedding station where molds are kept operates at which temperature: - The melting point of paraffin wax - Room temperature - Cold temperature - Freezing temperature - 100°C below the melting point of paraffin wax ### Question 100 The main disadvantage associated with the use of Nitric acid as a decalcifying agent is: - It is fast in action - It is slow in action - It gives reasonably good nuclear staining - It causes yellow coloration of the decalcified tissue - It does not require agitation during the process of decalcification ### The white precipitate formed in prolonged storage of unbuffered formalin at room temperature is due to: - Poor filtration after preparation - The impurities in the stock solution - Oxidation of formaldehyde to formic acid - Reduction of formaldehyde to formic acid - Methylation of formaldehyde ### The commonly used dehydrating agent is: - Ethyl alcohol - Methyl alcohol - Butyl alcohol - Iso-Propyl alcohol - Isopentane