Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology PDF

HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY "Those Who Do Not Learn History Are Doomed To Repeat It." - Sir Winston Churchill ANTECEDENTS It is defined as a precursor to the unfolding or existence of something. Antecedents of science and technology are f...

HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY "Those Who Do Not Learn History Are Doomed To Repeat It." - Sir Winston Churchill ANTECEDENTS It is defined as a precursor to the unfolding or existence of something. Antecedents of science and technology are factors that paved way for the presence of advanced and sophisticated scientific and technological innovations today. We can use the historical developments of science and technology to come up with proper decisions and applications of science and technology to daily life.  HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS MIDDLE HISTORICAL ANCIENT MODERN ANTECEDENTS ANCIENT PERIOD Ancient civilization paved the way for advances in science and technology. These advances during the ancient period allowed civilizations to flourish by finding better ways of communication, transportation, self- organization and ways of living. ANCIENT WHEEL People from ancient civilization used animals as means of transportation. The invention of ancient wheel is credited to the Sumerians. ANCIENT WHEEL POTTER’S ANCIENT WHEEL WHEEL PAPER Around 3000 B.C., the ancient Egyptians began writing on a papyrus. It is made up from a pith of plant called cyperus papyrus. Before the invention of papyrus, writing and record-keeping is done on stones and tablets. SHADOOF A tool used and invented by ancient Egyptians to irrigate land. It is a hand-operated device used for lifting water. Its invention introduced the idea of lifting things using counterweights. ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM Discovered in 1902 and retrieved from the waters of Antikythera, Greece. It is a mechanism similar to a clock for it has a circular face and rotating hands. It is believed that this mechanism is used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses. ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM AEOLIPILE It is also known as the Hero’s engine. It is a steam-powered turbine which spins as the water container at its center is heated. At first, it doesn’t served any practical purpose. It is believed to be one of the “temple wonders” at that time. MIDDLE AGES The major advances in scientific and technological development took place in this period. These advancements include constant increase if new inventions, innovations in traditional production and the emergence of scientific thinking and method. HEAVY PLOUGH “The heavy plough turned European agriculture and economy on its head. The fields with heavy, fatty soil became those that gave the greatest yields.” - Prof. Thomas Andersen - Because of the invention of heavy plough, northern Europe saw rapid economic prosperity. GUNPOWDER - Around 850 A.D., Chinese alchemists accidentally invented the gunpowder. - Prior to the invention of gunpowder, swords and spears were used in battles and wars. - The invention of gunpowder has allowed advanced warfare such as fiery arrows, cannons and grenades. PAPER MONEY - Paper money was first used by Chinese in 17th century. - Before the introduction of paper money, merchants and traders used precious metals such as gold and silver. They realized that using paper money brought advantages because it is easier to keep and transport. MECHANICAL CLOCK The development of mechanical clock helped the people in accurately keeping the track of time. The sophistication of clockwork technology drastically changed the way of spending the day and work patterns were established. SPINNING WHEEL A machine used to transform fiber into thread or yarn and eventually woven into cloth. It is theorized that the Indians are the one invented the spinning wheel between 6th and 11th century. It sped up the rate of manually spinning fiber by 10 to 100 times. MODERN AGES Historical period when people realized the importance of the efficiency of transportation, communication and production. Industrialization took place but with greater risk on human health, food safety and environment. TELESCOPE Invented by Galileo Galilei that can magnify 20 times larger than a regular glasses. This is used to discover important astronomical discoveries such as craters and mountains in moon. COMPOUND MICROSCOPE Invented by a Dutch Zacharias Janssen in 1590’s. Nowadays, microscope is used in many scientific studies in the area of medicine, forensics and genetics. JACQUARD LOOM Built by French weaver Joseph Marie Jacquard which simplifies textile manufacturing. Prior to this invention, a drawloom is used which requires two persons to operate. ENGINE-POWERED AIRPLANE Invented by Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright. They demonstrated that slightly- tilted wings are the key features of a flying aircraft. TELEVISION - Invented by Scottish engineer John Logie Baird in 1920s. - British Broadcasting Corporation used this for its earliest television programming in 1929. - This first television is mechanical and not the same as the television we have nowadays.  Inventions by Filipino Scientists E-Jeepney Erythromycin ✓ Invented by Abelardo Aguilar ✓ Created from the strain of bacterium Streptomyces erthreus Medical Incubator ✓ Invented by Fe Del Mundo Mole Remover ✓ Credited for the invention of the mole remover is Mr. Rolando Dela Cruz ✓ made from cashew nuts extracts Banana Ketchup ✓ Invented by the Maria Y. Orosa