Science 8 Q2 Module 6 Comets, Meteors, and Asteroids PDF

8 Science Quarter 2 – Module 6: Comets, Meteors, and Asteroids CO_Q2_Science8_Module6 Science – Grade 8 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 6: Comets, Meteors, and Asteroids First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyrig...

8 Science Quarter 2 – Module 6: Comets, Meteors, and Asteroids CO_Q2_Science8_Module6 Science – Grade 8 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 6: Comets, Meteors, and Asteroids First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writers: Shawn Dwight A. Ga, Mary Grace M. Lad, Joann R. Agoncillo Editor: Julita C. Flores Reviewers: Marilytte N. Ensomo, Jonivil L. Vidal, Rene G. Ebol, Jessett Hope E. Ledamo, John Carlo M. Ruaya, Perla O. Padernal, Marrian C. Baluran, Mary Beth M. Ruperez Illustrators: Shawn Dwight A. Ga, Mary Grace M. Lad Layout Evaluators: Celeste Faith R. Almanon, Jay S. Ayap Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas Isidro M. Biol, Jr. Maripaz F. Magno Josephine Chonie M. Obseñares, Gregoria T. Su Marvilyn C. Francia Jay S. Ayap Nonita C. Patalinghug Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Caraga Region Office Address: Teacher Development Center J.P. Rosales Avenue, Butuan City, Philippines 8600 Telefax: (085) 342-8207/ (085) 342-5969 E-mail Address: [email protected]  8 Science Quarter 2 – Module 6: Comets, Meteors, and Asteroids Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using them. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you. i  What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master comets, meteors, and asteroids. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Compare and contrast comets, meteors, and asteroids (MELC Week S8ES-IIg-22) 1 CO_Q2_Science8_Module6  What I Know Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What are commonly called as “shooting stars”? A. asteroids B. comets C. meteors D. meteorites 2. What are found in the circular or somewhat like “doughnut-shaped” region between Mars and Jupiter? A. asteroids B. comets C. meteors D. meteorites 3. Which Near-Earth Objects (NEO) are found on the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud? A. asteroids B. comets C. meteors D. meteorites 4. What are comets made of? A. dust only B. metal only C. dust and metal D. dust, metal, and ice 5. What do you call the shining “head” around a comet? A. coma B. crown C. halo D. ring 6. What do you call the depression caused by the objects that fell on a planet or moon? A. canyon B. crater C. plateau D. pothole 2 CO_Q2_Science8_Module6 7. Which could have probably caused the extinction of dinosaurs? A. They caught the flu. B. An asteroid hit the Earth. C. They ate each other until they went extinct. D. A meteorite came and hit the Earth causing their extinction. 8. What causes the bright sparks of light brought by meteors? A. humidity B. air friction C. condensation D. atmospheric pressure 9. What is the major difference among comet, meteor, and asteroid in terms of structure? A. Comet contains icy shell while asteroid and comet do not have. B. Meteor contains icy shell while asteroid and comet do not have. C. Asteroid and comet contain icy shell while meteor does not have. D. Asteroid contains icy shell while asteroid and meteor do not have. 10. Which of the following is the correct location of comets? A. Kuiper Belt B. Asteroid Belt C. Neptune’s orbit D. Earth’s atmosphere 11. What do you call a celestial body that reaches the Earth’s crust? A. comet B. meteor C. meteorite D. meteoroid 12. What will happen if a comet gets closer to the sun? A comet will. A. expire B. explode C. melt and disappear D. form a long tail made of gas and dust 13. Why do scientists study comets? It is because they. A. like studying it B. need to survey the space C. want to examine the mineral contents D. want to study the origin of the Earth and other planets 3 CO_Q2_Science8_Module6 14. What celestial body is shown in the picture? A. asteroid B. comet C. meteorite D. meteoroid Source: https://pixabay.com/illutrations/space-stars-comet-astronomy-1486556/. 15. What Near-Earth Object (NEO) is shown in the picture? A. asteroid B. comet C. meteor D. meteorite Source: https://pixabay.com/vectors/dark-darkness meteor-night-2024127/) 4 CO_Q2_Science8_Module6 Lesson Comets, Meteors, and Asteroids 1 Have you already watched a movie showing rocks from outer space crashing violently on Earth? Do you know that there are many rocks in outer space? Those are what we call comets and asteroids. Are you aware that “falling stars” are not stars but meteors? Read the module and answer the activities to find out. What’s In Activity 1. Match It Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. A B 1. 2. 3. Picture Sources: 1.https://pixabay.com/illustrations/space- asteroids-planets-cosmos-1422642/ 2.https://pixabay.com/illustrations/space- stars-comet-astronomy-1486556/) 3. https://pixabay.com/photos/asteroid-comet- meteorite-3628185/) 5 CO_Q2_Science8_Module6  What’s New Characteristics of Comets, Meteors, and Asteroids Did you know that recent discoveries like the Comet ‘Neowise’ that dazzled on Hungary’s sky on July 23, 2020 have made the experts know more about the Near-Earth Objects (NEO) like comets, asteroids, and meteors? With the advent of telescopes and space probes, these instruments provided more knowledge on the origin and nature of the universe. Recently, astronomers have discovered asteroid 2012 DA14 that came close to Earth. It made a very close approach to the Earth as it orbited the Sun on February 16, 2012. It exploded over the Lake Cherbakul in Russia causing damages to properties and according to the press release of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the material exploded are composed of different objects. Table 1. Characteristics of Comets, Meteors, and Asteroids Characteristics Comets Meteors Asteroids Kuiper Belt and most are from the Origin Asteroid Belt Oort Cloud Asteroid Belt Shape varied/irregular varied/irregular varied/irregular about 1 inch Size 1 to 10 nuclei 1 to 100 ++ (2.5 cm long) dust, rock, fragments of metals, ice, asteroids and dust, rock, and frozen gases, comets metals like Chemical ammonia, silicate, iron, Composition methane, iron, stone, and nickel carbon dioxide, stony- iron, and including olive and other chondrites and pyroxene organic compounds Orbit highly elliptical no orbit as it is more rounded Orbital Period (in inside the 75 to 100,000++ 1 to 100 years) Earth’s atmosphere provides clues provides provides Importance to on how liquid information on information on Research water was star formation the composition of formed on and the Earth evolution Earth’s interior Source: Pia C. Campo, et.al, Science 8 Learner’s Module. Pasig City: Department of Education, 2013, 156 6 CO_Q2_Science8_Module6  What is It Comets, meteors, and asteroids come in different sizes and compositions. A relatively higher amount of silicate content caused these celestial bodies to reflect light. Silicates are types of metal that contain silicon, oxygen, and at least one metal. If an asteroid has fewer silicate content, then it would be hard to see it even with the aid of a telescope because only a small (Source: part of the asteroid can reflect light https://pixabay.com/photos/asteroids- and it might seem smaller than its planet- space-meteor-1017666/) actual size. Both the comet and asteroid orbit the Earth and move relatively slow when viewed from the Earth. This means that you can view a comet for up to a year in the night sky. The main difference between the comet and asteroid is the origin. Comets typically come from the Oort Cloud (Source: https://pixabay.com/illustrations/solar- which is beyond the solar system-planet- planetary-system-11111/) system and some from the Kuiper Belt which is beyond the Neptune’s orbit. Long-period comets originate from the Oort Cloud while a short-period comes from the Kuiper Belt. Comet Halley is the most well-known short-period comet of the 20th century since it takes 75 to 76 years for this comet to orbit the Sun. We can view it in the sky every time it comes closer to the Sun. All other comets have been identified as long-period comets since it takes 200 to several thousand years to complete their orbit around the Sun. On the other hand, asteroids originate from the Asteroid Belt. These are found between Mars and Jupiter. 7 CO_Q2_Science8_Module6  The recent theory states that the Asteroid Belt was heavily populated with asteroids, but the gravitational pull of Jupiter has made these asteroids thrown. It was also theorized that Jupiter’s gravitational pull prevented these asteroids from forming into a new planet. Another group of astronomical researchers theorized that the Asteroid Belt was an empty space and the debris of other planets have filled this area with the objects which are then called asteroids. The orbit of an asteroid is more rounded and less elliptical than the orbit of a comet. On February 2013, Asteroid 2012 DA14 made a closer approach to Earth as it orbited around the Sun. Distance in space was measured by lightyears and this asteroid was just 0.4 l i g h t y e a r s a w a y f r o m t h e E a r t h , t h e c l o s e s t t h a t an asteroid has ever been on Earth. On December 2012, during the issue of the doomsday prophecies, Asteroid Toutatis has made a near approach to Earth but not as close as Asteroid 2012 DA14. Figure 1: The Asteroid and Comet’s Orbit Illustrated by: Shawn Dwight A. Ga Figure 1 shows the orbits of asteroid and comet. The orbit of an asteroid is more circular compared to that of the comet. An asteroid’s orbit lies between Mars and Jupiter. The region between these two planets is called Asteroid Belt. On the other hand, the orbit of a comet is more elongated or elliptical in shape since it extends from the far region of the solar system. Oort Cloud is found beyond the solar system while Kuiper Belt is located beyond Neptune. 8 CO_Q2_Science8_Module6  Another difference between asteroids and comets is their chemical compositions. Asteroids contain rocks and metals while comets contain ice or icy objects including dusts, metals, and elements like Sodium and Argon. Unlike a comet, an asteroid is composed of rocky metals that are mostly Iron and Nickel. Scientists discovered that Comet-Hale Bopp contains Argon which made the comet appear brightly. The “dirty snowball” made of ice is the nucleus of a comet. As the comet gets closer to the Sun, the ice melts and evaporates together with dust particles. These particles of gases make a shining “head” around the comet called a coma. Scientists theorized that Earth has been too hot to have water on the surface. A closer study reveals that the Figure 2: Parts of the comet collected samples of ice from drilling Illustrated by: Shawn Dwight A. Ga down the Earth’s crust and marine layers have brought water to the planet. The comet’s composition provides clues for them to understand how Earth obtained liquid water which makes it habitable. The composition of an asteroid provides information to the chemical compositions of planets in the solar system. Iron and Nickel are the asteroid's components which are the same metals that make up the Earth’s core. An element called Iridium was discovered on oceanic sedimentary layers of Denmark, Italy, and New Zealand, by Alvarez Brothers namely Luis and Walter Alvarez. They have discovered the rocks that contains higher level of Iridium compared to the Earth’s crust which is with the same level of Iridium of the asteroid. Because of this, they have presumed that asteroids landed on Earth that caused the death of the dinosaurs. They came up to their hypothesis which was later called as Alvarez Hypothesis. Based on Alvarez hypothesis, an asteroid with about ten kilometers in diameter made an impact on Earth. This phenomenon caused the blocking of sunlight in the air, bringing a period of long winter that caused the mass extinction of plants and animals including the dinosaurs. Scientists theorized that Earth has been too hot to have water on the surface. A closer study reveals that the collected samples of ice from drilling down the Earth’s crust and marine layers has brought water to the planet. The comet’s composition provides clues for them to understand how Earth obtained liquid water which makes it habitable. 9 CO_Q2_Science8_Module6  The composition of an asteroid provides information to the chemical compositions of planets in the solar system. Iron and Nickel are the asteroid's components which are the same metals that make up the Earth’s core. An element called Iridium was discovered on oceanic sedimentary layers of Denmark, Italy, and New Zealand, by Alvarez Brothers namely Luis and Walter Alvarez. They have discovered the rocks that contains higher level of Iridium compared to the Earth’s crust which is with the same level of Iridium of the asteroid. Because of this, they have presumed that asteroids landed on Earth that caused the death of the dinosaurs. They came up to their hypothesis which was later called as Alvarez Hypothesis. Based on Alvarez hypothesis, an asteroid with about ten kilometers in diameter made an impact on Earth. This phenomenon caused the blocking of sunlight in the air, bringing a period of long winter that caused the mass extinction of plants and animals including the dinosaurs. Figure 2: Meteor Figure 3: Meteoroid, Meteor, and Meteorite Illustrated by Mary Grace M. Lad Illustrated by: Mary Grace M. Lad Meteoroids are remnants or fragments of asteroids and comets located outside the Earth's atmosphere. Meteoroids originated from the collision of asteroids. They were also known to be the debris of comets that travel around the sun or debris from the impact of collision of Mars or the moon with asteroids. When these meteoroids enter the Earth’s atmosphere, it will then be called meteors as shown in Figure 2. When these landed on the Earth’s ground, it is then called meteorites as shown in Figure 3. A little body begins as a meteoroid skimming through space between the planets until it enters the Earth's atmosphere creating a streak of light as a meteor or commonly known as “shooting star”. Afterwards, if it was not vaporized completely by frictional heat and landed on the Earth’s ground, it is called meteorite. There are times in the year where we observe meteor showers occurring when the Earth passes through debris left by comets or asteroids. 10 CO_Q2_Science8_Module6  The orbit of an asteroid is more rounded and less elliptical than the orbit of a comet. On February 2013, Asteroid 2012 DA14 made a closer approach to Earth as it orbited around the Sun. Distance in space was measured by lightyears and this asteroid was just 0.4 l i g h t y e a r s a w a y f r o m t h e E a r t h , t h e c l o s e s t t h a t an asteroid has ever been on Earth. On December 2012, during the issue of the doomsday prophecies, Asteroid Toutatis has made a near approach to Earth but not as close as Asteroid 2012 DA14. What’s More Activity 2. Spot Some NEOs Directions: Identify what Near-Earth Objects are seen in each item. Choose your answer from the box. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Asteroid Comet Meteors Meteorite s s s 1. 2. 3. (Source: https://pixabay.com/illustrations/sky-stars-planets-space-moon-star-3880590/) 11 CO_Q2_Science8_Module6 Activity 3. Identify It Directions: Identify what is being referred to in each item. Choose your answers from the box. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Earth’s Atmosphere Kuiper Belt Mars and Jupiter Oort Cloud Asteroid Belt Uranus Earth and Mars 1. It is the origin of the comets that is beyond the solar system. 2. It is where the asteroids originated. 3. It is the origin of the comets located within the orbit of Neptune. 4. It is where meteors can be found. 5. Most asteroids can be found between these two planets. Activity 4. Take It from Mixing and Colliding Directions: Determine the Near-Earth Objects after mixing or colliding the different celestial components. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. ice dust metal dust metal 12 CO_Q2_Science8_Module6  collision ( asteroid asteroid Picture Sources: Ice- https://pixabay.com/photos/st one-glass-colorful-gem-color-6580/ Dust- https://pixabay.com/photos/race- car-race-track-dirt-road-car-1031767/ Metal- https://pixabay.com/photos/gri d-wire-mesh-stainless-rods-826831// Asteroid: https://pixabay.com/photos/ast eroid-meteorite-comet-63125/) Activity 5. Let Us Know Them More Directions: Fill in the Venn diagram by identifying the different components present in comets, meteors, and asteroids from the box below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Asteroids Meteors Comets 13 CO_Q2_Science8_Module6  metals silicates dusts rocks ice Iron Nickel Ammonia flame Carbon dioxide Sodium Argon Clues: At the intersection of the circles, write the components that are both present in the two circles from the two Near-Earth Objects mentioned. At the center, write the components that are common from comets, meteors, and asteroids. What I Have Learned Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. _______ typically come from the Oort Cloud and some from the Kuiper Belt. 2. Asteroids originated from the _______ which is in between Mars and Jupiter. 3. _______ is a streak of light that happens when a meteoroid enters the Earth’s atmosphere. 4. The _______, _______, and _______ differ in orbits, orbital periods, origins, chemical compositions and their importance to research. 5. The “dirty snowball” made of ice is the _______ of a comet. 6. The orbit of an asteroid is _______ while the orbit of a comet is elongated. 7. _______ are remnants or fragments of asteroids and comets located outside the Earth's atmosphere. 8. _______ is the most well-known short-period comet of the 20th century since it takes 75 to 76 years to orbit the Sun. 9. On February 2013, _______ made a closer approach to Earth as it orbited around the Sun. 10. Kuiper Belt is located beyond _______. 14 CO_Q2_Science8_Module6  What I Can Do Directions: Read the news article and answer the questions that follow. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Source of picture: https://pixabay.com/illustrations/armageddon-apocalypse-earth- 2104385/ Risks of Asteroid Strike to Earth from Elon Musk's Starlink Project Feared By: Nirmal Narayanan December 10, 2019- In an attempt to provide internet to all corners of the globe, Elon Musk's Starlink project will gradually send tens of thousands of satellites into the earth's orbit. But some astronomers believe the project could increase the chances of asteroid hits to earth. Space agencies like NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and astronomers make use of telescopes to track near-earth objects that could pose a threat to earth in the future. However, the task will become extremely difficult when telescopes have to filter out tens of thousands of Starlink satellites that are already in the earth's orbit. A few months back, while interacting with followers on Twitter, the Tesla founder revealed that humans do not have a proper shield to protect the planet from doomsday asteroids. He made the comments when one of his followers asked whether asteroid Apophis will hit earth in 2029. 15 CO_Q2_Science8_Module6  "Great name! Wouldn't worry about this particular one, but a big rock will hit Earth eventually & we currently have no defense," wrote Musk on Twitter. However, later Musk called NASA's planetary defense mission 'Armageddon', prompting fears that something sinister from deep space was on its way to earth. Source: “Risks of Asteroid Strike to Earth from Elon Musk's Starlink Project Feared”, IB Times Corporation, last modified December 10, 2019, https://www.ibtimes.sg/risks-asteroid-strike- Questions: 1. What is the news article all about? _________________________________________________________________ 2. What could possibly happen if the asteroid would hit the Earth? _________________________________________________________________ 3. What are the disadvantages of having too many satellites in the Earth’s orbit? _________________________________________________________________ 4. Based on the news you have read, could the impact of the asteroid cause extinction to some organisms including animals? Support your answer. _________________________________________________________________ 5. What could be the possible measures humans can do to avoid or block the asteroid from hitting the Earth? ________________________________________________________________ 16 CO_Q2_Science8_Module6 Rubric 5 points 4 points 3 points 2 points 1 point The answer is The answer is The answer is The answer to Question is not complete. All missing 1 detail. missing 2 the question is answered. A information All information details. Almost lacking any small amount to provided is provided is all information detail. Some none of the accurate. accurate. provided is information information accurate. provided is provided is accurate. accurate.  Assessment Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which statement is true? A. Only asteroids collide with Earth. B. Comets are ball of ice, dust, and metal. C. All comets in our solar system have tails. D. Only asteroids can be found in the solar system. 2. What do you call the fragments or debris that resulted from the collision of asteroids or comets? A. Meteors B. Meteoroids C. Oort Cloud D. Kuiper Belt 3. What is the bright glow around the “head” of a comet? A. Coma B. Crown C. Halo D. Ring 4. What is the name of the famous comet that can be seen from Earth every 75 to 76 years? A. Hale Boop B. Comet Halley C. Comet Tempel 1 D. Shoemaker Levy-9 5. What is the correct term for a “shooting star”? A. Asteroid B. Comet C. Falling star D. Meteor 6. What is an Asteroid Belt? A. It has rocks crossing the Sun, Mars, and Jupiter. B. It has rocks crossing the Sun, Jupiter, and Uranus. C. It is an area between Mars and Jupiter where most asteroids are found. D. It has rocks between the Earth and Jupiter where most asteroids are found. 18 7. What is a meteorite? It is a. A. dim meteor B. bright meteor C. meteoroid that lights up D. remains of meteoroids that hit the Earth 8. What is a comet? It is a/an. A. rock from Mars B. class of smaller inner solar system bodies that orbit around the sun C. icy ball of rock that displays a coma, a fuzzy temporary atmosphere, or a tail when it travels close to the sun D. natural object from small to huge that originates in space and survives the impact on the Earth’s surface 9. What composes silicate? A. silicon, oxygen, and at least one metal B. silicon, carbon, and at least one metal C. silicon, methane and a rock D. iron, nickel, and argon 10. Why do scientists study comets? A. They are valuable minerals. B. They could provide Earth with rocks. C. They can help make the Earth a habitable planet. D. They provide information how the Earth obtained liquid water. 11. Why would global temperature of the Earth drop when struck by a massive asteroid? A. The resulting cloud would block out sunlight. B. The low temperature of asteroid would chill the oceans. C. The impact would move the Earth farther from the Sun. D. The ice in the asteroid would increase the Earth’s reflective power. 12. When objects strike on the surface of a planet, they leave a deep impression on the surface called ______. A. canyon B. crater C. plateau D. pothole 13. Meteoroids are formed when asteroids collided and crushed into pieces. Based on this statement, where did the meteoroids originate? A. Asteroid Belt B. Mars C. Moon D. Sun 19  14.Which best describes the picture below? (Source: https://pixabay.com/photos/meteorite-stone- hoba-namibia-700836/) A. meteorite B. meteoroid with dust C. comet with coma and ion tail D. asteroid that falls to the Earth 15. What celestial body is shown below? (Source: https://pixabay.com/photos/asteroid- meteorite-impact-meteor-179319/) A. Meteors B. Meteorites C. Meteoroids D. Meteor shower 20  Additional Activities Directions: In a long bond paper, draw the solar system highlighting the location of the comets, meteors, and asteroids. Rubric Criteria 4 3 2 1 Complete and Complete Most parts Some parts Incomplete in correct and all are are present are present and ordered order ordered and are and are incorrectly correctly ordered ordered correctly correctly All are Most are Some are All are Label labeled labeled labeled labeled correctly correctly correctly incorrectly The The drawing is The The Artistic drawing is drawing drawing somewhat quality highly colorful has few has no colorful and artistic artistic and artistic. qualities. qualities. artistic. 21 Answer Key 22 References Free Royalty Images from the Internet Space- Stars-Comet Astronomy. Free Royalty, https://pixabay.com/illustrations/space-stars-comet-astronomy- 1486556/. Meteor, Free Royalty, https://pixabay.com/vectors/dark-darkness- meteor-night- 2024127/ Asteroid, Free Royalty, https://pixabay.com/illustrations/meteor- asteroid-space- disaster-3129573/ Asteroid, Free Royalty, https://pixabay.com/photos/asteroid- meteorite-impact- meteor-179319/ Solar System, Free Royalty https://pixabay.com/illustrations/solar- system-planet- planetary-system-11111/ Space-Planet-Stars, Free Royalty, https://pixabay.com/illustrations/space-planet- stars-mercury- venus-4604571/ Asteroids-Meteors-Rocks, Free Royalty, https://pixabay.com/illustrations/asteroids-meteors-rocks-space- 2117790/ Asteroids-Planet-Meteors, Free Royalty, https://pixabay.com/photos/asteroids- planet-space-meteor- 1017666/ Sun, Free Royalty, https://pixabay.com/vectors/sun-sunny- weather-sunshine- yellow-159392/ Cartoon-Cosmos-Mars, Free Royalty, https://pixabay.com/vectors/cartoon- cosmos-mars-planet- red-1298905/ Jupiter-Planet, Free Royalty, https://pixabay.com/vectors/jupiter- planet-solar- system-153563/ Comet-Meteor-Asteroid, Free Royalty, https://pixabay.com/vectors/comet- meteor- asteroid-fire-ball-296750/ Meteorite-Impact, Free Royalty, https://pixabay.com/illustrations/meteorite- impact-comet- destruction-1060886/ Solar System, Free Royalty, https://pixabay.com/illustrations/sky- stars-planets- space-moon-star-3880590/ Ice, Free Royalty, https://pixabay.com/photos/stone-glass-colorful- 23  gem-color- 6580/ Metal, Free Royalty, https://pixabay.com/photos/grid-wire-mesh- stainless-rods- Asteroid-Meteorite, Free Royalty, https://pixabay.com/photos/asteroid- meteorite- comet-63125/ Armageddon-Apocalypse, Free Royalty, https://pixabay.com/illustrations/armageddon-apocalypse-earth- 2104385/ Stone Hoba, Free Royalty, https://pixabay.com/photos/meteorite- stone-hoba- namibia-700836/ Website IB Times Corporation, “Risks of Asteroid Strike to Earth from Elon Musk's Starlink Project Feared” Last modified December 10, 2019, https://www.ibtimes.sg/risks-asteroid-strike-earth-elon- musks-starlink- project-feared-35714 Book Source Campo, Pia C., et.al, Science 8 Learner’s Module. Pasig City: Department of Education, 2014, 153-168 24 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985 Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]