Science Notes 2 PDF

Double Replacement Reactions...

Double Replacement Reactions two other reaction usually involves two ionic solutions that react to produce A double replacement of the compounds forms precipitate which is an insoluble solid that forms ionic compounds. One a , solution , then settles and sinks to the bottom. The other compound floats in the a solution. A precipitate dissolved in solution. it remain may also form a precipitate , or may + ionic solution - > Ionic solution + ionic solution · lonic solution Ap(aq) + CB(S) AB(ag) + CP(aq) > - · · Example 1: If lead /11) nitrate solution is mixed with sodium iodide solution , two new compounds of sodium nitrate solution and solid lead (11) iodide. form consisting PhIz PbINOSz + INAL--ZNaWOs + ↳ hydroxide solution is mixed with iron (111) chloride , a precipitate occurs involving the iron (11) in · Example 2: When sodium To find the products , simply trade parts of the names around. One product is iron (111) hydroxide , and the other is sodium chloride. The equation for this double replacement reaction is : 3NaOH + FeCl-> NaCI + FelOHls ↳ Neutralization (Acid-Base) Reactions compounds that Acidic solutions have pl less than 7 formula of acid usually has produce A + ions in solution a Acids The an · are.. For HisOy acidic An exception to this trend is water (H2O) natural an It at the. start example : ACI , are. : pure water is · Bases a re compounds that produce OH-ions in solution. Bases from solutions with a pl greater than 7. The formula of a base and ends Ot. has a metal or NHyt on the left in For example NaOH , Mg(OH) z, a re bases. acid and base combine will neutralize each. other In neutralization(acid-base) reaction , acid and a · When an they an base react to form salt and water · acid base - > salt-water · HX + MOH-> MX + H20 IX reprsents a negative ion. M reprsents a positive ion ). (HzPOn) indgredient solutions. Rust is a mixture of iron compounds · Example 1: Phosphoric acid is a main in rust remover , acid. one of which is iron (1) hydroxide (Felot2). From (11) hydroxide dissolves When it reacts with phosphoric ↳ > [Hz4Oy + 3 FelOHIz - > FezIPOrz + GHO  Combustion Reactions Combustion is the rapid reaction of a compound or element with oxygen to form oxide and to produce compounds such methane combust with oxygen to form carbon dioxide (the heat. For Example , organic as , oxide of carbon) and water (the oxide of hydrogen) · Compounds that contain oxygen , such as carbo- to form carbon dioxide and water hydrates , also react with oxygen carbon dioxide + water o Hydrocarbon t Oxygen- > (XHy + Oz - > CO2 +H20 o (the subscripts x and y reprsent integers) The reaction in the combustion of natural gas is the following. 7: fuel main · Example Natural gas (methane) is used as a heating. ↳ CHy + 202 - CO2 + 2A2 methane 2: An oxyacetylene torch used for welding metals has acetylene gas as the fewl o Example > 4002 + 2H20 [CzH2 + SO2 - ↳ acetylene simple sugar as well as a carbohydrate. When burned in air , glucose reacts as Example 3 : Glucose is a o follows. + 602 > 6202 + GH20 Cott , 202 - ↳ glucose