Science Lesson 1: Energy PDF

Energy Science: Lesson 1 Lesson Objectives 1. To know what is energy in the field of Physics. 2. To know how to apply energy in physical interactions. 3. To know the types of energy. 4. To know the basic elements or components of energy. Energy In Physics, energy is a funda...

Energy Science: Lesson 1 Lesson Objectives 1. To know what is energy in the field of Physics. 2. To know how to apply energy in physical interactions. 3. To know the types of energy. 4. To know the basic elements or components of energy. Energy In Physics, energy is a fundamental concept, it is the capacity to do work; to produce change. It can exist in various forms and can be transferred or converted from one form to another. You cannot produce change without energy. Energy is the input. Work as the link. Change is the result. Energy and it’s Fundamental Forms Potential energy: The stored energy of an object due to its position or configuration. Common types include: 1. Gravitational potential energy (GPE): Energy stored due to an object's height in a gravitational field, calculated as: Where is the mass, is the acceleration due to gravity, and is the height. 2. Elastic potential energy (EPE): Energy stored in elastic materials (like springs) when they are stretched or compressed. Kinetic energy: The energy of an object due to its motion. It depends on the mass of the object and its velocity. The formula is: Where is the mass, and is the velocity. Kinetic Energy Think of it as a ball rolling in the hill. This displays motion because of work and energy that was applied to the ball. The ball gains speed (accelerates) because of the slope of the hill. But in the end will stop because it has lost all kinetic energy. The amount of kinetic energy is dependent to the amount of gravitational or elastic potential energy applied, and other physical characteristics. Important: Anything in the universe wants to get a state of no or low kinetic energy. Gravitational Potential Energy Think of it as the amount of energy you store to drop something on a certain height. You haven’t used this energy, this is why it is ‘potential’, it has the chance to turn into kinetic energy. Important: Everything in universe wants to get a state of high or low potential energy. Elastic Potential Energy Think of it as the amount of energy you store from stretching or compressing something elastic before releasing. Energy and its Forms 1. Thermal: The internal energy of an object due to the kinetic energy of its molecules. It is related to temperature. Often caused by electrical energy. 2. Chemical: Energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds. It is released or absorbed during a chemical reaction. 3. Electrical: Energy from the flow or movement and friction of electrons. 4. Nuclear: Energy stored in the nucleus of atoms, released during nuclear reactions. Fission and fusion. Conservation of Energy The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. The total energy in a closed system remains constant. Measurement Energy is measured in various units, with the most common being the joule (J). Other units include calories, kilowatt-hours (kWh), and electron volts (eV), depending on the context. Work and Energy Work is defined as the transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied over a distance. The relationship is expressed as: Where is the work used, is the force applied, is the distance, and is the angle between the force and the direct of motion. Force and Work Summary Energy is the capacity to do work. Energy cannot be created nor destroyed; only converted. Energy is the input. Work is the link. Change is the result/output. Potential energy: stored energy 1. Gravitational: energy stored due to height 2. Elastic: energy stored due to being stretched or compressed Kinetic energy: motion; use of potential energy Four types of energy: 1. Thermal 2. Chemical 3. Nuclear 4. Electrical