SCIENCE 9 SLEM 2-QUARTER 1.pdf

9 Science Quarter 1 – SleM 2: Diseases of Human Respiratory and Circulatory Systems 1 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simp...

9 Science Quarter 1 – SleM 2: Diseases of Human Respiratory and Circulatory Systems 1 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun! 1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated on every page of this module. 2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind. 3. Write in your notebook the concepts that you learned. Writing enhances learning and helps you keep in mind what is important 4. Perform all the provided activities in the module. 5. Let your facilitator/ guardian assess your answers using the answer key. 6. Enjoy studying. Development Team of the Module Writers: Ma. Teresita I. Almirol Anatalia A. Ducay Format Editor: Cristine S. Sañada Language Editor: Edita R. Gravador Content Validators: Ryan T. Gomez Krisel C. Gomez Reviewer: Babie Noreen P. Clemente Management Team: School Head: Dr. Eladio H. Escolano Department Chairman: Babie Noreen P. Clemente Subject LR Coordinator: Heydee I. Añonuevo School LR Coordinator: Maricel S. Oliva School Assistant LR Coordinator: Jeweldine T. Baraquil PARTS OF THIS MODULE Expectations- These are what you will learn after completing the lessons in the module. Pre-test – This will measure what you already know about the concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson. Looking Back to your Lesson- This section will measure what learnings and skills you gained from the previous lesson. Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson. Activities- This is a set of activities you will perform. Remember- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the lessons. Check your Understanding- It will check what you have learned from the lessons. Post-test- This will measure how much you have learned from the entire module. 2  Expectations You will master how one’s lifestyle can affect the functioning of respiratory and circulatory systems (S9LT-Ic-27). Specifically, this module will help you to: 1. Explain the negative effects of cigarette smoking. 2. Infer how to detect and prevent diseases in the circulatory system and respiratory system. 3. Infer how one’s lifestyle can affect the functioning of respiratory and circulatory system. 4. Develop a plan for dissemination activity on effective ways of taking care of the respiratory and circulatory system. Pre-Test Choose the letter of the best answer. 1. It is an inflammation of the mucous membrane in the bronchial tubes. It typically causes bronchospasm and coughing. A. Emphysema B. Bronchitis C. Coronary heart disease D. Vascular disease 2. A type of heart disease that develops when the arteries of the heart cannot deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the heart. A. Vascular disease B. Bronchitis C. Emphysema D. Coronary heart disease 3. How will you prevent diseases in the respiratory system and circulatory systems? A. cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and regular exercise. B. balanced diet, regular exercise, adequate rest, and proper hygiene. C. regular exercise, maintaining make-up, and regular health check-up. D. adequate rest, proper hygiene, alcohol drinking, and physical screening. 4. Ana experienced shortness of breath, feeling of not being able to get enough air, long-term cough, wheezing and long-term mucus production. Her doctor assumed that she has emphysema. What procedures should be done to check the assumption of her doctor? A. urine and blood test, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). B. chest x-ray, angiogram and biopsy. C. electrocardiogram (ECG), CT scan, and colonoscopy. D. sputum test, chest x-ray, and pulmonary function tests. 5. You always hear and see the statement, “Government Warning: Cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health”, How will you be affected by this? A. Continue Smoking B. Stop smoking C. Smoke Occasionally D. Smoke to show off 3  Looking Back In SLeM 1, we talked about parts and functions of circulatory and respiratory system, before we proceed to the next lesson let me check your learnings on the past lesson. Unscramble the letters in column A in order to match with its description in Column B. COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.ARTACHE The empty tube that serves as passageway of air into the lungs. 2.LIALOEV Tiny air sacs and the site where exchange of gases occurs. 3.ARTHE Organ pumps blood throughout the body. 4. DBOLO It is responsible in carrying nutrients and other materials throughout the body. 5.YLLCAPIAR It is a blood vessel where that gas exchange happens. Brief Introduction. Respiratory and Circulatory system work together to perform an important role in delivering nutrients and oxygen to the different parts of the body and expelling waste products and carbon dioxide from the body. As the two systems failed to perform its function, humans will get sick that may lead to death. But aside from the fact that we know its importance some of us choose to have unhealthy lifestyle such cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking harms different parts of the body. This causes many diseases as shown on the given figure which result to difficulty of breathing. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=effects+of+cigarette+smoking Figure 1: Negative effects of cigarette smoking 4  Common Different Diseases on Respiratory system and Circulatory System Respiratory System Circulatory System Bronchitis is an inflammation of the lining of Coronary heart disease (Cardiovascular your bronchial tubes, which carry air to and disease) from your lungs. People who have bronchitis often cough up thickened mucus, which can The coronary arteries supply oxygen and be discolored. Bronchitis may be either acute blood to the heart. However, when or chronic. cholesterol builds up on the artery walls, they can narrow. Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by bacteria Arteriosclerosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that most often affect the lungs. It is curable and preventable. Arteriosclerosis occurs when the blood This can be spread from person to person vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from through the air. When people with lung TB your heart to the rest of your body (arteries) cough, sneeze or spit, they propel the TB become thick and stiff — sometimes germs into the air. A person needs to inhale restricting blood flow to your organs and only a few of these germs to become infected. tissues. Healthy arteries are flexible and elastic, but over time, the walls in your arteries can harden, a condition commonly called hardening of the arteries. Atherosclerosis is a specific type of arteriosclerosis, but the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. Atherosclerosis refers to the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on your artery walls (plaque), which can restrict blood flow. Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive Stroke pulmonary disease. The air sacs in the lungs become damaged and stretched. This results A stroke can happen when one of the in a chronic cough and difficulty in breathing. vessels that lead to the brain either becomes Smoking is the most common cause, blocked by a blood clot or bursts. This stops but emphysema can also be genetic. blood flow and prevents oxygen from getting to the brain. Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of Vascular disease is any abnormal condition abnormal cells in one or both lungs. These of the blood vessels (arteries and veins) abnormal cells do not carry out the functions of normal lung cells and do not develop into healthy lung tissue. 5 Medical Procedures on how to Detect Respiratory and Circulatory Diseases There are different medical procedures that can be used by health care providers to know the condition of your lungs and heart. These are listed on the table below. Lungs Diagnostic Procedures Heart Diagnostic Procedures Simple Test such as follows: Blood tests for the detection of the fats, Spirometry cholesterol and lipid components of blood Challenge Test including LDL, HDL, Triglycerides. Pulse Oximetry. Advance Test such as follow: Electrocardiogram (ECG) he test shows how Plethysmography fast the heart is beating and its rhythm. The Diffusion Capacity Test strength and timing of the electrical signals as they pass through the heart are also seen. Echocardiography This test uses sound waves to create a moving picture of the heart. Imaging test such as follow: Imaging test such as follow: Chest X-ray, Chest X-ray Computerized Tomography Scan Cardiac Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) (CT Scan) Electron-Beam Computed Tomography or Positron emission tomography EBCT (PET) scan Chest Ultrasound Pulmonary Angiogram. Invasive test such as follow: Invasive test such as follow: Mediastinoscopy Coronary Angiography Pleural biopsy Cardiac Catheterization 6  Activities Activity 1 Negative effects of Cigarette Smoking Use the given description and illustration to identify different respiratory and circulatory diseases that you can acquire if you smoke. Description Illustration Disease being described 1. 1. It is a condition that involves damage to the walls of the air sacs (alveoli) of the lung https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=emphysema 2. 2. It is an inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from your lungs https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=bronchitis 3. 3. It is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that most often affect the lungs. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=tubercolosis+lungs 4. 4. It refers to the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in one or both lungs. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=lung+cancer 5. 5. It occurs when the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from your heart to the rest of your body (arteries) become thick and stiff. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=arteriosclerosis 6. 6. It refers to any abnormal condition of the blood vessels (arteries and veins). https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=vascular+disease 7 7. 7. It is a sudden interruption in the blood supply of the brain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=stroke+disease Activity 2 Detection in Action List down medical procedures needed in diagnosing diseases in respiratory and circulatory system caused by cigarette smoking. Respiratory system Circulatory system 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. Activity 3 How to be Healthy? Describe the given illustration for you to know how to take care of your respiratory and circulatory system. Word Pool: Adequate rest Balanced Diet Regular health check-up Regular exercise Avoid Drinking alcohol Quit Cigarette smoking Illustration Description 1. 2. 3. 8  4. 5. Activity 4 Poster Making Make a Poster on how to take care of the Respiratory and Circulatory system on a short bond paper. Your output will be assessed based on the given rubric: RUBRIC: Category 4 3 2 1 Presentation The poster clearly The poster The poster The poster does communicates communicates indirectly not sufficiently the main idea and some of the communicates communicate any strongly promotes important ideas the idea and idea that can awareness and slightly hardly promotes promote promotes awareness. awareness. awareness. Creativity and All of the graphics Most of the The graphics The graphics originality used on the graphics used were made by were not made poster reflect an on the poster the student but by the students exceptional reflect student were copied degree of student ingenuity in from the ingenuity in their their creation. designs or creation ideas of others. Accuracy and All graphics in the Most graphics Some graphics The graphics in Relevance of poster are in the poster in the poster the poster are Content accurate and are accurate are accurate neither accurate related to the and related to and related to and related to the topic. the topic. the topic. topic. Required The poster All required Few required Required Elements includes all elements are elements are elements are required elements included. included missing. as well as additional information. 9  Remember Cigarette smoking has negative effects on respiratory and circulatory system. Respiratory diseases: emphysema, bronchitis, lung cancer, and tuberculosis Circulatory diseases: coronary heart disease, Arteriosclerosis, Stroke and vascular disease. There are different medical procedures that can be used by health care providers to know the condition of respiratory circulatory diseases such as Simple test (spirometry and pulse oximetry), imaging tests (x-ray test, CT scan, MRI, ECG), invasive tests (Coronary Angiography and Cardiac Catheterization), and blood tests. Ways to avoid negative effects of cigarette smoking are: avoid smoking, do not drink alcohol, eat healthy foods, do exercise and get enough sleep. Checking Your Understanding Read and analyze the following questions. Apply what you learned from this lesson. 1. What are the negative effects of cigarette smoking in your respiratory and circulatory system? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the ways to avoid diseases in your respiratory and circulatory system? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 3.What are the ways on how to detect diseases in your respiratory and circulatory system? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Post-Test Choose the letter of the best answer. 1. A condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness. A. Asthma B. Emphysema C. Tuberculosis D. Coronary heart disease 2. You always hear and see the statement, “Government Warning: Cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health”, How will you be affected by this ? A. Continue Smoking B. Stop smoking C. Smoke Occasionally D. Smoke to show off 10  3. Which of the following is not a disease in circulatory system? A. Coronary heart disease B. Arteriosclerosis C. Vascular disease D. Emphysema 4. How will you prevent diseases in the respiratory system and circulatory systems? A. cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and regular exercise. B. balanced diet, regular exercise, adequate rest, and proper hygiene. C. regular exercise, maintaining make-up, and regular health check-up. D. adequate rest, proper hygiene, alcohol drinking, and physical screening. 5. Marco experienced shortness of breath, feeling of not being able to get enough air, long-term cough, wheezing and long-term mucus production. His doctor assumed that he has emphysema. What procedures should be done to check the assumption of his doctor? A. urine and blood test, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). B. chest x-ray, angiogram and biopsy. C. electrocardiogram (ECG), CT scan, and colonoscopy. D. sputum test, chest x-ray, and pulmonary function tests. References Felman, Adam. “What to Know About Coronary Heart Disease.” Medical News Today. Accesses September 11, 2020. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/184130 Holland, Kimberly. “Everything You Need to Know About Stroke.” Healthline. Accessed September 12, 2020. http://www.strokecenter.org/patients/about-stroke/what-is-a-stroke/ Mandal, Ananya. “Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis.” News Medical Life Sciences. May 21, 2019. https://www.news-medical.net/health/Cardiovascular-Disease-Diagnosis.aspx Smith, Matt. “Common Lung Diagnostic Test.” WebMD. Accessed September 14, 2020. https://www.webmd.com/lung/breathing-diagnostic-tests Wikimedia Commons. “Adverse Effects of Tobacco Smoking.” Accessed September 11, 2020. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bronchitis/symptoms- causes/https://www.google.com/search Mayo Clinic. “Arteriosclerosis.” Accessed September 12, 2020. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arteriosclerosis-atherosclerosis/symptoms- causes/syc-20350569 World Health Organization. “Tuberculosis.” Accessed September 10, 2020. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis 11