Science 7 Chapter 2 Interactions Within Ecosystems Filled Notes Booklet PDF

Science 7 Chapter 2: Interactions Within Ecosystems Filled Notes Booklet Name: ____________________________________________ 1 Symbiosis Symbiosis is a biological interaction in which two species live closely together ov...

Science 7 Chapter 2: Interactions Within Ecosystems Filled Notes Booklet Name: ____________________________________________ 1 Symbiosis Symbiosis is a biological interaction in which two species live closely together over time. Symbiosis is an example of biotic-biotic interactions. There are 3 types of symbiotic relationships: 1. Parasitism 2. Mutualism 3. Commensalism Parasitism Mutualism Commensalism Definition One organism will Both organisms One organism benefit (the benefit benefits while the parasite) and the other neither gains or loses. other is harmed (the host). Examples Ticks on animals, Lichen = algae + Barnacles on Tapeworms in fungus, whales, animals Bees and flowers Clownfish in anemones Roles of Organisms in Ecosystems 1. Producers 2. Consumers 3. Decomposers 4. Scavengers 1. Producers: (plants) can produce their own food from the abiotic environment (photosynthesis) 2  Photosynthesis Formula: Water + Carbon Dioxide + Sunlight —--> Food (Sugar) + Oxygen 2. Consumers: (animals) must consume (eat) other organisms. (the biotic environment) Can be classified as ➔ Herbivores ➔ Carnivores ➔ Omnivores Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Definition Animals that eat Animals that eat Animals that eat ONLY plants ONLY other both plants AND (producers). animals. animals. Examples Moose, hares Owls, spiders Bears, chickens 3  3. Decomposers: Organisms that break down dead and waste materials into their basic parts. They release chemicals that break apart dead tissues and cells and absorb the nutrients for their own use. Examples: ➔ Bacteria and other microorganisms ➔ Fungi ➔ Worms 4. Scavengers: Animals that eat decaying animals and waste materials. Examples: ➔ Vultures ➔ Dung Beetle Larvae ➔ Houseflies ➔ Crows ➔ Some gulls Food Chains Food Chains: are the transfer of energy from organism to organism. Arrows show the direction of energy flow. Green plants are the food (energy) source for all consumers and decomposers. A typical food chain looks like: Producers → Primary Consumers (Herbivores) → Secondary Consumers (Omnivores/Carnivores) → Tertiary Consumers (Omnivores/Carnivores) 4  Food Chain Examples: Food Webs Food Webs: Interconnecting food chains Food Web Examples: 5 6 Energy Pyramids Energy Pyramids: Describes the gradual loss of energy in food chains About 10% is lost as you move from one level to the next and 10% of the new energy is lost as you move up and so on. Energy lost at each level is used for ○ Living Functions - such as growth, movement, and reproduction ○ Lost as heat Nutrient Cycles Nutrients, such as nitrogen and carbon, are recycled in the environment. All organisms are eventually recycled and their nutrients are returned to the soil by the action of decomposers. 7