Science 4 PDF

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r "........ t et I I I 5. Observe the three liquids. 6. Pour the three liquids into one big test tube. I l 7. Observe what happens. · : Observations and Results: I I I : 1. What are the things you did before the experi~ent? , I I -----------~------ ---:---~ ~ · : - - ---~----- ,~ ·. I : 2. How did you measure the amount of liquids used? · t· _ _ __:,________:,_______...2.__,;..------- : _._________..·. Conclusion: ________. ________________ :.__....'.,__.::..:__~_:__---------- I.. ---------------- ____ ______ _____________. --~------... ___.:., _:_ ~. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o Understanding of Scien·ce. ··...__.. In the activity you did, you are simply doing what scientists are d.oing. You _ha·ve discovered something about liquids. The liquids did not mix. Why? The answer is through science investigation. What is a science investigation? What are ·the steps in doing a science investigation? · At first, do you have any idea what ,will happ~n 1f you mix different liquids? What.is on your mind? That is now t~e problem. You· will find a way to solve the problem. Finding ways to solve a problem ' is science investigation. It is a p·rocess that begins with asking questions. · It is to or. determine how why something happened. Science investigation is a systematic approach to solving a particular problem. Planning is important in science investigation.. · 14 I. /  Before doing the experiment, you were asked to make a guess. A question was given. In doing a science investigation, the first thing you do is formulate a problem or ask a question. B.ased on the problem formulated, you will make a scientific guess. A scientific guess is called hypothesis. It is a testable statement that starts ~ith "maybe" or in the "if~ and/ then" format. It is tested by. doing an experiment. When "scientists" conduct their experiments, they make observations and gather the data needed. The gathered data or results of their observations will be analyzed or interpreted: From the inte~pretation of the data gathered, they make_conclusions. If the results are not what they expected, they will do the experiment again.. Now, ask yourself, did you do the steps on how·to solve a ·~roblem in the activity you did? If so, then you are doing a simple science investigation. You can now call yourself a kid scientist. How would you des_cribe ·a scientist? Scientific Attitudes A_scientist is someone :who ·systematically gathers the needed data based on pieces...of evidence. from his or her observations. The pieces ). -.. of evidence can be used to support the predictions and ·come up with ~ conclusion or the a_ nswer to the problem. A scientist c_an be further.described based on th~ foll9wing science....attitudes:. S ·Systematic: Works systematically, plans his or her investigation,.and follows carefully planned steps-not just by guessing ·· C Curious: Curious.about the natural world and wahts to know why things happen and how things work Creative: Starts his or her investigation by defining terms, making all guesses very clear to come up with one possible an_ d successful solution to the problem I Inquisitive: Asks so many questions. The possible answers are built upon observations and collected data to create the correct conclusion. E Engaged in what is being done: Repeats ~xperiment multiple times to verify results, works to discover answers oftentimes for years and with numerous failures, and recognizes failures in experiments until proven successful 15 \  N Nurturing and open-minded: Thinks outside the box and envisions things · that cannot be seen, cares for the results of the experiment, and helps other T ~-=~==:..__--------- -~-:-- scientists to nourish and flourish Talented and skillful: Has the talent and skills to work as part of a team that shares information with the public or collaborate with co-scientists I Indulged with the plan: Suspends judgment and continues to observe and collect data while searching for the best possible solution S Skeptic: Reaches a dead end in the investigation but never stops. Instead,· he or she checks if all the guesses are true and if the solution applies to the natural world. T Critical Thinker and problem solver: Analyzes information and the data collected and makes critical decisions to solve experimental problems c;>r world problems Do you have these charaGteristics? Scientists depend on his. or her interest in doing science works. Do you want to become a scientist? Although not all scientists have all these characteristics, the following pictures of kid scientists from different branches of.science may help you decide to become one. Study Figure 1.3 and go over the different branches o ~e in the future? of science. What kind of scientist will you want t_ Physicist Geologist Astronomer Chemist. Zoologist. Botanist Ecologist Figure 1.3. Kid scientists with their fields of interest in science 16  Branches of Science - - Science is the study of the world and how it works. It is subdivided into different branches. It may be classified as physical science, biological science, and astronomy. Physical science is subdivided into chemistry, physics, and Earth and space science, while biological science is further divided into botany and zoology. Space science or astronomy is integrated into the discus~ion of Earth and space_science.. Physical science explains everyday observations and happenings that · make advances in modern life possible. Chemistry deals with the study : of matter, its composition, and the changes in composition that ·matter undergoes.·Physics focuses on the observable interaction·of force and motion with energy. It deals with the study of force and energy and how force and energy affect matter. Geology or Earth science is the study · of how Earth was formed, its structure and composition, and the types of· · proce~ses a(?ting.9n.it: _Astronomy or ~pace· science· is the branch of. physical science that studies outer space, focusing on celestial bodies such as stars, 1comets; planets, galaxies,.and space exploration and - events taking place in.~pace..1· · BiQlogical science or life science is the study qf living thing·s that foc~s~s on their evolution, interactions with other _organisms, and. ecosystems and.habitats. ~o~any i~ a branch of biology that focuses on plants. Zoology deals.~ith t~e study of all animals-frof!l the smallest. insects ~o the largest mammals. It inyestigates what the~e ani_ m~ls are eating and how they are living and interacting with other animals in their respective habitats. Ecolc;,gy focuses on the study of the relationships between living things and their surroundings or environment. Scientists are named according to the branch of science they ·are interested in. A physicist is someone who deals with physics. The chemist handles the works that focus on chemistry. Geologists are those who \. practice the science of Earth and its formatic;m, whereas astronomers. -~ are those who are interested in outer space. ' 17  For life science, the. s~ie,:1~ists. _ are Q and A called zoologists, botanists,·and ecolo·g1~ts. How does a scientist work? The zoologist takes charge · of all the animals. The botanist handles the plants.. ~he ecologist steward~ nat~re and takes care of the surroundings. Famous Scientists and Inventions If you cannot decide yet, here are some of the scientists and inventors who have made significant contributions that impact the world today. Here are some of the famous and remarkable s·cientists and inventors: Her. investigation wa$ in chemi~try, i specifically in the field of fo_od technology. / She 'experimented 'with Filipino cuisine and. ·. invented Soyalac, a nufrient-rich drink m~de from soybeans, and darak,· ric·e · biscuits Maria Ylagan Orosa · containing. vitamin B.;.1, which , prevents beriberi sickness during WWII..·.. · ·...She was the first to bring banana ketchup to the general audience._·.. ,.. ·.. -. \· ·i Her work was focused on )the · branch · of biology, in the. field. of :- medicine; She · ~ddressed the l~~k of ~edical\ equipment ·.. m rural communities· during the aftermath. of the ~ar. Using bamboo, she i~ented.an. incubator specifically designed for. places ·. without electrical power..\. · \·. Dr. Fe V. Del Mundo· ' \ 18.I ~--- - -- - - His research applied the science of biology- i botany in the field of ho'rticulture. · I His research focused on inducing the flowering of mangoes out.of season (April-May) using potassium nitrate, which led to fruiting several times a year without harming the plan~s. He also chose to not file ·a patent for his Ramon C. Barba research so that farmers were free to use his \ ' - - -_-_-_-_-_-_--- research - - ~at-no-cost. ---------- He is a scientist and.inventor in the branch of · physics in the field of computer technology. His first major accomplishment was the design and invention of the first single-chip 16-bit microprocessor-based calculator that led him to develop the. first system logic Engr. Diosdad~/ chip set for·International Business. Machines Banatao Corporation (IBM). This was the first.Windows. graphics. accelerator chip for personal computers (PCs).. He was a British naturalist and biologist. He. was : known '. for his contribution..,, to the' devel~pment of his theory of evolution ·and natural selection. He wrote some influential books such. as ' ' Fertilisatio~ of Orchids, On.the Movements and Habits of Clif!1bing Plants, Insectivorous , Plants, and his famous The Formation of. · Vegetable Mould Through the Action ·of Charles Robert Worms, with Observations on Their Habits. Darwin · He published On the Origin of Specie$ by. Means of Natural Selection, a groundbreaking.scientific work that challenged the popular notion of divine creation. I I I I I I 19  He was a British theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author. Since he was young,· he had suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that affected his motor neurons in the.brain. and spinal cords (1-963). He was known ·. to be an expert on black holes whose intention was to unify quantum mechanics with the general theory of Stephen W. relativity by Einstein. Hawking · He authored popular books like A Brief History of Time, The Universe in a Nutshell, On the Shoulders of Giants, and Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays... Figure 1:4. Famous scientists The scie.ntists and inventors mention~d ·ab~ve ·are just ~ohle.who have contributed to the development of society. There are other scientists whose inventiorys lead to new advances and chang·es in the modern ~arid: These__scientists are continuously searching for new.inventions to ease. our way of living. Can you name _some of them? · Science inventions greatly affect the lives ·of people _in many Y"ays. The invention of wheels by the Sumerians marked the beginning of progress.. ' I They wanted to move heavy objects easier and faster, so they thought. of inventing· wheels. Wheels made transportation easier. The invention of wheels made manufacturin_ g automobiles possible. The first motorized automobile·. ~as created by Karl Benz's Motorwagen in _1885. Many cannot. · afford this kind of automobiJe for its price, so.Hen·ry Ford decided to improve · · ·;. trye· production·process for a·cheaper price. This invention has·changed. · · the looks of cities around the world and made transportation bett~r. --- \..·. · The·inventio ns of scientists have helped everyone to feel comfortable :and easy to :l_ ive w_it_h. These inventions impact new ways of living, · t.rar'~portati'qn, ·comm_unication, learning, and entertainment. 20