Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses PDF

OT 304 Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses By: Miss Khanna Blithe Cortes- Amores,MAOT, OTRP To function, we all need to process information and adapt to a lot of stimuli in our environments However, for a certain group of people Reality is distored and d...

OT 304 Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses By: Miss Khanna Blithe Cortes- Amores,MAOT, OTRP To function, we all need to process information and adapt to a lot of stimuli in our environments However, for a certain group of people Reality is distored and disturbed They experience Psychosis The inability to recognize reality, relate to others, and cope with life’s demands  Symptom Clusters Negative Disorganized Affective Psychotic Symptoms M H A D D D F D A I A A  The Most Common Psychotic Disorder is Schizophrenia Other Psychotic Disorders  Psychotic Disorder Substance/Medi Schizoaffective Brief Psychotic Schizophrenifo Delusional Feature Due to Another cation-Induced Disorder Disorder rm Disorder Disorder Medical Condition Unknown, Genetic & Stress, trauma, possible Substance Underlying medical Cause environmental substance shared risk Unknown use/withdrawal condition factors abuse, unclear factors with schizophrenia Short-lived Psychosis + Psychosis Hallucinations, psychosis Varies depending on prominent (hallucinations delusions, (hallucinations Fixed, Main the medical mood , delusions, disorganized , delusions, unshakeable Symptoms condition, often symptoms disorganized thinking/speec disorganized delusions includes psychosis (depression or thinking/speec h/behavior thinking/speec bipolar) h/behavior) h/behavior) Varies, usually Depends on the 1 day to 1 1-6 months, resolves with underlying medical month, good Duration Long-term uncertain Long-term stopping the condition and its chance of outcome substance treatment recovery  DSM V Criteria To meet the criteria: 2 of the ff. symptoms for at least 1 month 1. Hallucinations 2. Delusions 3. Disorganized Speech 4. Disorganized or Catatonic Behavior 5. Negative Symptoms  DSM V Criteria At least one of the two symptoms must be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech. the condition must persist for at least 6 months, although it usually lasts for much longer.  Positive Negative behavior that is not typically negative symptoms are the present in absence of typical function, other individuals, such as such as flat affect, social hallucinations, delusions, withdrawal, and difficulty disoroganized thinking, and initiating activity. disorganized behavior  Individuals with schizophrenia vary greatly in their expression of symptoms Subtypes of Schizophrenia 1. Catatonic 2. Disorganized 3. Paranoid 4. Residual  Remember! However, because the reliability and validity of the subtypes was not well established, these were removed in DSM-5 Etiology of Schizophrenia  Prevalence and Course prevalence rate of 0.3% to 0.7% of the population  Early Intervention is Important The prodromal period is the time between the emergence of early signs of the illness and the point at which the diagnostic criteria for the disorder are met. Gender Differences  IMPACT ON OCCUPATIONAL PERFORMANCE  Cognitive Health and Stigma and Impairment Wellness Poverty Medications First generation (conventional) Second generation (atypical antipsychotics)  First Second Thorazine (chlorpromazine) Clozaril (clozapine) Haldol Risperidal (Risperidone) Prolixin Zyprexa (Olanzapine) Seroquel ( (quetiapine) Geodon (ziprasidone) Abilify (aripiprazole) The antipsychotics have many side effects, including sedation, sun sensitivity, anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision), and orthostatic hypertension. Some of the most serious side effects involve movement disorders, which result from the blockage of dopamine in the basal ganglia. Tardive dyskinesia occurs after long-term treatment with antipsychotic medication and involves involuntary movements, usually of the mouth and tongue  General Evaluation and Interventions Allen’s Cognitive Levels Test Kohlman Evaluation of Living Skills (KELS) Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)  Adult Sensory Profile https://www.oxfordcbt.co.uk/wp - content/uploads/2022/11/Short -Sensory-Profile-1.pdf Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) Groups Individual Sessions  Interventions Positive Negative Benefit from Activities that divert Highly structured activities attention from their smptoms with Concrete expectations Self-help coping strategies to and goals minimize intrusiveness of positive Specific skill training and symptoms psychoeducation  General Interventions: Cognitive Remediation Community Arts ADL and IADL Cognitive Adaptation Training Cognitive Dunn’s Model Disabilities of Sensory Supported Permanent Processing Education Supportive Housing Sensory Rooms Social Skills Supported Peer support training Employment programs Structured Tasks Expressive AcTivities Functional Living Skills Psychoeducation Social Skills Training Vocational Training Thank you!