DEN 017: Oral Anatomy Student Activity Sheet #2 PDF

DEN 017: Oral Anatomy Student Activity Sheet #2 Name:________________________________________________________...

DEN 017: Oral Anatomy Student Activity Sheet #2 Name:_____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section:____________Schedule:_______________________________________ Date: ______________ Lesson title: Oral Cavity and Related Structures Materials: Pen, pencil, coloring Lesson Objectives: At the end of this module, you should be able pen, ruler & short bond paper, to: 1. Determine oral structures that serve as the boundaries of the References: Additional reading oral cavity. articles please visit the links: 2. Identify the different parts of a tooth and its supporting 1.https://philschatz.com/anatomy- stuctures. book/contents/m46511.html 1. 2.https://www.lecturio.com/magazi ne/oral-cavity Productivity Tip: This will be exciting! But first, clear your desk and prepare your pen. Take a deep breath, and let’s get started! A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW 1) Introduction Hello stuDENTS! You are now officially entering the dental world proper. Our profession will be dealing basically with the lower half of the human face, and as dentists who ought to know everything about human tooth, hence this subject, we also have to learn everything that surrounds it. So, before we proceed into the intricate details of the tooth, our first topic for this course will be Oral Cavity and Related Structures. 2) Activity 1: What I Know Chart, part 1 Let’s see what you have initially in mind. Reflect on the questions found in the second column and write your answers and thoughts in the first column, “What I Know” – this will be a record of your background experience on the main ideas in this lesson. Leave the column: What I learned blank this time. What I Know Questions What I Learned (Activity 4) 1. Would you consider the cheek as part of the oral cavity? 2. Do you think the tooth is directly anchored to the bone? B.MAIN LESSON 1) Activity 2: Content Notes Below is the thread of our lesson for today with corresponding description. Labelled pictures are also provided therafter for your reference. Highlight terms and important information to aid comprehension and recall. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  DEN 017: Oral Anatomy Student Activity Sheet #2 Name:_____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section:____________Schedule:_______________________________________ Date: ______________ The mouth, which is also called the oral cavity or I- Oral Cavity = Buccal Cavity = Mouth buccal cavity, is framed by the cheeks, tongue, and palate. This cavity is divided into two: (fig.1) The outer and narrower cavity, which is subdivided a. Vestibule into two: Cavity between the inner surface of the lips and the i. Labial vestibule anterior teeth with their gingivae. Cavity between the inner surface of the cheeks and ii. Buccal vestibule the posterior teeth with their gingivae. The inner and larger cavity. This cavity is framed by b. Oral Cavity Proper four intraoral structures: (fig 2 &3) Anterior teeth (facing the lips) and posterior teeth i. Teeth (facing the cheeks) ii. Palate Hard and soft palate Two sides of the tongue are “dorsum”, which consists of papillae and “ventral” or the underside of iii. Tongue & floor of the mouth the tongue, where a fold of mucous membrane, the lingual frenulum is attached, which tethers the tongue to the floor of the mouth. Section of the throat, located at the back of the iv. Oropharynx mouth. Mucous membrane that covers the inside surface of II- Oral Mucosa the mouth. This covering is categorized into three: The epithelium is non-keratinized. The surface is a. Lining thus flexible and is able to withstand stretching, such those covering the following structures: i. Soft palate ii. Ventral surface of the tongue iii. Internal surfaces of the lips & cheeks iv. Alveolar process The epithelium is moderately thick. It is frequently orthokeratinized, although normally there are parakeratinized areas of the gingiva and b. Masticatory occasionally of the palate. Both types of epithelial surface are inextensible and are well adapted to withstanding abrasion, such as those covering the following structures: i. Hard palate covering ii. Gingiva Although covered by what is functionally a masticatory mucosa, it is also a highly extensible lining and, in addition, has different types of lingual c. Specialized papillae. Some of them possess a mechanical function, whereas others bear taste buds and therefore have a sensory function. i. Dorsal surface of the tongue This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  DEN 017: Oral Anatomy Student Activity Sheet #2 Name:_____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section:____________Schedule:_______________________________________ Date: ______________ At the entrance to the mouth are the lips, or labia (singular = labium). The lips cover the orbicularis oris muscle, which regulates what comes in and III- Lips goes out of the mouth. Their outer covering is skin, which transitions to a mucous membrane in the mouth proper. (Fig 4) This is the transition area between the skin outside and mucous membrane inside. Lips are very vascular with a thin layer of keratin; hence, the reason they are "red." They have a huge a. Vermillion (upper & lower) representation on the cerebral cortex, which probably explains the human fascination with kissing! The lips cover the orbicularis oris muscle, which regulates what comes in and goes out of the mouth. The aperture of the mouth, described as b. Oral fissure the horizontal opening between the lips leading into the oral vestibule. A midline fold of mucous membrane that attaches c. Labial frenum/ frenulum the inner surface of each lip to the gum. The narrow vertical hollow in the center of the upper d. Philtrum lip running down from the nose to the upper lip margin. IV- Cheeks Fig 5 Indentation lines on either side of the mouth that a. Nasolabial fold extend from the edge of the nose to the mouth’s outer corners (oral commissure) b. Nasolabial sulcus A furrow between the wing of the nose and the lip. Seen from the inner surface of the cheeks, it is a projection at the opening of the parotid duct into c. Parotid papilla the vestibule of the oral cavity opposite the neck of the upper second molar tooth. V- Gingiva Fig 6 This tissue is not attached and forms a collar a. Free gingiva around the tooth. The border region of the gingiva that touches the i. Gingival margin/crest tooth. The trough around the tooth and its depth is ii. Gingival sulcus/crevice normally 1-3 mm. This tissue is adjacent to the free gingiva and is keratinized and firmly attached to the bone structure b. Attached gingiva through collagen fibers resulting to a clinical feature described as stippling. It can range from 3-12 mm in height. The area of tissue beyond the mucogingival junction. It seems less firmly attached and redder c. Alveolar mucosa than the attached gingiva. It is non-keratinized and provides a softer and more flexible area for the movement of the cheeks and lips. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  DEN 017: Oral Anatomy Student Activity Sheet #2 Name:_____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section:____________Schedule:_______________________________________ Date: ______________ The scalloped line that divides the attached gingiva d. Muco-gingival junction from the alveolar mucosa. The region of gingival tissue that fills the space e. Interdental papilla between adjacent teeth. In a healthy mouth this is usually knife-edged and fills the interdental space. The palate forms the roof of the mouth and the floor VI- Palate of the nasal cavity. It is divided into two: (fig 7) The anterior hard palate (palatum durum) that is formed by the two-palatine process of the maxilla a. Hard palate and the palatine bones. It contains five foramina, i.e. the incisive fossa, a pair of greater palatine and a pair of lesser palatine fossae. i. Palatine process (maxillary bone) 1. Palatine suture ii. Horizontal plate (palatine bone) 1. Interpalatine suture iii. Incisive papilla (covering the incisive fossa) The palatine rugae are ridges situated in the anterior part of the palatal mucosa on each side of the medial palatal raphae and behind the incisive iv. Palatine rugae papilla (IP). At birth, the palatine rugae are well- formed, and the pattern of orientation typical for the person is present. The soft palate (palatum molle) attaches behind the b. Soft palate hard palate. It is soft and movable and contains the muscle tensor veli palatini posteriorly. Fleshy extension at the back of the soft palate, i. Uvula which hangs above the throat. During the course of your lifetime, you have two sets of teeth (diphyodonty). One set of teeth is a dentition. The first set is called deciduous dentition. Your 20 deciduous teeth, or baby teeth, first begin to appear at about 6 months of age. Between approximately age 6 and 12, these teeth VII- Teeth are replaced by 32 permanent teeth. These teeth are categorized as either succedaneous (described as a successor dentition) or non-succedaneous (permanent teeth without primary predecessors such as the permanent molars). Moving from the center of the mouth toward the side, these are as follows: (Fig 8) The eight incisors, four top and four bottom, are a. Incisors the sharp front teeth you use for biting into food. The four cuspids (or canines) flank the incisors and have a pointed edge (cusp) to tear up food. These b. Canines fang-like teeth are superb for piercing tough or fleshy foods. Posterior to the cuspids are the eight premolars (or c. Premolars bicuspids), which have an overall flatter shape with This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  DEN 017: Oral Anatomy Student Activity Sheet #2 Name:_____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section:____________Schedule:_______________________________________ Date: ______________ two rounded cusps useful for mashing foods. (absent in deciduous dentition) The most posterior and largest are the 12 molars, which have several pointed cusps used to crush food so it is ready for swallowing. The third members of each set of three molars, top and bottom, are commonly referred to as the wisdom d. Molars teeth, because their eruption is commonly delayed until early adulthood. It is not uncommon for wisdom teeth to fail to erupt; that is, they remain impacted. In these cases, the teeth are typically removed by orthodontic surgery. Basic tissues of tooth are enamel, cementum, Parts of a Tooth and Supporting Structures dentin and pulp. All are considered hard tissues except for the former, which is a soft tissue. (Fig 9) The substance that covers the anatomic crown of the tooth and is the hardest substance in the body a. Enamel and is somewhat translucent. It is created by cells known as ameloblasts. The substance that covers the root of the tooth. It is also very thin and not as hard as the enamel but b. Cementum has a similar hardness to bone. Cells known as cementoblasts form cementum. The substance that lies beneath the enamel and the cementum in the tooth. Dentin is created by cells c. Dentin known as odontoblasts. It is not as hard as enamel and it makes up the major portion of the tooth. Where all the nerves and blood vessels that supply the tooth are housed. The pulp is divided into two d. Pulp areas: the pulp chamber, located in the crown of the tooth; and the pulp canals, which are located in the root(s) of the tooth. Part of the supporting structure of the tooth e. Gingiva (periodontium) Part of the supporting structure of the tooth f. Periodontal ligament (periodontium). It serves to anchor the tooth form its cementum to the alveolar bone Part of the supporting structure of the tooth (periodontium). A portion of the maxilla and mandible that supports the teeth by forming g. Alveolar bone attachment for fibers of the periodontal ligament. It consists of two plates of cortical bone separated by spongy bone. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  DEN 017: Oral Anatomy Student Activity Sheet #2 Name:_____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section:____________Schedule:_______________________________________ Date: ______________ Fig.1.1 Vestibule Fig. 1.2 Oral Cavity Proper This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  DEN 017: Oral Anatomy Student Activity Sheet #2 Name:_____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section:____________Schedule:_______________________________________ Date: ______________ Fig 2. Mouth This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  DEN 017: Oral Anatomy Student Activity Sheet #2 Name:_____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section:____________Schedule:_______________________________________ Date: ______________ Fig 3 Oral Cavity and Related Structures in Sagittal Section This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  DEN 017: Oral Anatomy Student Activity Sheet #2 Name:_____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section:____________Schedule:_______________________________________ Date: ______________ Fig 4 Lips Fig 5 Cheek This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  DEN 017: Oral Anatomy Student Activity Sheet #2 Name:_____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section:____________Schedule:_______________________________________ Date: ______________ Fig 6 Gingiva This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  DEN 017: Oral Anatomy Student Activity Sheet #2 Name:_____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section:____________Schedule:_______________________________________ Date: ______________ Fig 7 Palate This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  DEN 017: Oral Anatomy Student Activity Sheet #2 Name:_____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section:____________Schedule:_______________________________________ Date: ______________ Fig 8 Dental Arch This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  DEN 017: Oral Anatomy Student Activity Sheet #2 Name:_____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section:____________Schedule:_______________________________________ Date: ______________ Fig 9 Tooth This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  DEN 017: Oral Anatomy Student Activity Sheet #2 Name:_____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section:____________Schedule:_______________________________________ Date: ______________ 2) Activity 3: Skill-building Activities Activity3A- Please fill up the box accordingly: Oral Cavity Boundaries Mucosal Covering Labial Anterior Vestibule Posterior Buccal Lateral Vestibule Medial Superior Oral Cavity Inferior Proper Anterolateral Posterosuperior SCORE: Check your answers against the Key to Corrections found at the end of this SAS and indicate your score above. Activity3B- In a separate paper, draw a molar tooth as the one given above and based on the description given below, color your drawing accordingly: The$hardest$tissue$of$the$tooth$and$serves$as$the$outer$covering$of$the$crown$ !Blue! Another$hard$tissue$which$is$considered$the$main$bulk$of$the$tooth$ !Yellow! Red! The$inner$core$of$the$tooth$is$a$cavity$which$is$occupied$by$the$only$soft$tissue$of$the$tooth,$ Blue! composed$of$blood$vessels$(arteries$and$veins),$nerves$and$lymphatic$system$ Yellow! One$of$the$hard$tissues$of$a$tooth$which$covers$the$outer$portion$of$the$root$ !Green! Structure$that$anchors$the$tooth$from$its$cementum$to$the$surrounding$alveolar$process$ Orange! Supporting$bone$that$holds$the$tooth$in$a$socket$ !Brown! Tissue$described$as$the$masticatory$mucosa$lining$the$alveolar$bone$which$surrounds$the$ !Pink! cervical$portion$of$the$teeth.$ SCORE:! $ Check your answers against the Key to Corrections which will be uploaded online. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  DEN 017: Oral Anatomy Student Activity Sheet #2 Name:_____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section:____________Schedule:_______________________________________ Date: ______________ 3) Activity 4: What I Know Chart, part 2 To reflect on what you have learned in this lesson, go back to the What I know chart in Activity 1 and write your answers to the questions based on what you now know in the third column of the chart 4) Activity 5: Check for Understanding Please answer the following questions: What is the oral structure that separates outer from inner cavity? “The lip is covered by both skin and lining mucosa” True or False? The anchoring structure of the gingiva to the underlying alveolar process is called _________. The anchoring structure of the tooth to the surrounding alveolar process is called _________. SCORE: Check your answers against the Key to Corrections found at the end of this SAS and indicate your score above. C. LESSON WRAP-UP 1) Activity 6: Thinking about Learning A. Work Tracker You are done with this session! Let’s track your progress. Shade the session number you just completed. Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 D4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 D8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 P1 10 11 12 13 14 15 P2 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  DEN 017: Oral Anatomy Student Activity Sheet #2 Name:_____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section:____________Schedule:_______________________________________ Date: ______________ B. Think about your Learning Now that you’ve completed the lesson, take a few minutes to reflect on the quality of your work and the quality of your effort. What parts were challenging for you to do? Why do you think was it challenging for you? FAQs Differentiation between: Anterior pertains to structures situated before or toward the front; ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR Posterior means situated behind When an anatomical structure is situated higher up, it is said to be SUPERIOR & INFERIOR superiorly located; the opposite is true if it is located inferiorly. Medial means a structure being located or occurring in the middle. If the MEDIAL & LATERAL structure is situated on, directed toward or coming from the side, it is called lateral. ANTERIOR TEETH Includes incisors and canines in both arches POSTERIOR TEETH Includes premolars and molars in both arches This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  DEN 017: Oral Anatomy Student Activity Sheet #2 Name:_____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section:____________Schedule:_______________________________________ Date: ______________ KEY TO CORRECTIONS Activity 3A Oral Boundaries Mucosal Covering Cavity Labial Anterior Inner surface of the lips Lining Vestibule Posterior* Anterior teeth and gingivae Masticatory (gingivae) Buccal Lateral Inner surface of the cheeks Lining Vestibule Medial* Posterior teeth and gingivae Masticatory (gingivae) Superior Hard Palate Masticatory Oral Inferior Tongue and floor of the mouth Specialized (tongue) Lining (fotm) Cavity Anterolateral* Teeth and gingivae Masticatory (gingivae) Proper Posterosuperior Soft palate Lining Comment: Teeth positioned in the dental arch served as a Different types of mucosal coverings boundary between the outer narrow vestibule and inner larger and their corresponding examples are oral cavity proper, posteriorly*/medially* and laterally*, outlined in the content note respectively. Activity 5 Posterior teeth are lateral to the oral cavity What is the oral structure that proper and medial to the buccal vestibule; the separates outer from inner Teeth larger inner cavity is the ocp while the cavity? narrower outer cavity is the vestibule Lip is divided into three portions: outer surface “The lip is covered by both skin which is covered by skin; inner surface which and lining mucosa” True or True is covered by lining mucosa and vermillion False? border which the transition part between the outer and inner surfaces The anchoring structure of the The collagen fiber that anchors the attached gingiva to the underlying alveolar Collagen fiber gingiva to the bone results to a clinical feature process is called _________. regarded as “stippling” Otherwise known as periodontal membrane or The anchoring structure of the periodontal ligament that provides cushion tooth to the surrounding alveolar Periodontal fiber effect and supports the tooth in the alveolus process is called _________. (tooth socket). This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION