CAM (PHA 045) Module #9 - Student Activity Sheet PDF

Course Code: PHA 045 (Complimentary Alternative Medicine) Student Activity Sheet Module #9 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: ___...

Course Code: PHA 045 (Complimentary Alternative Medicine) Student Activity Sheet Module #9 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ Lesson Title: MANIPULATIVE AND BODY-BASED METHODS 2 Materials: Lesson Objectives: By the end of this module, you should be able Pen or Pencil to SAS 1. Discuss the origins and theories of Osteopathy, Hilot and References: reflexology Synovitz, Linda B., Larson, 2. Distinguish the uses and types of osteopathic techniques and Karl L., Consumer Health hilot and Integrative Medicine – 3. Explain the benefits of doing osteopathy, hilot and reflexology Holistic View of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Practices (2nd edition). USA:2020. https://www.amazon.com/C onsumer-Health- Integrative-Medicine- Complementary/dp/128414 4127 Productivity Tip: Before you start, give your brain and body a boost of energy by doing stretching and push ups (or any light cardio exercise you can do in your home), breathe deeply, and shout your inspirational message to start your learning journey (e.g., “Laban!”, “Kaya ko to!”, “Fighting!” etc.) Don’t forget to hydrate yourself occasionally. During the time you are studying, don’t forget to write the important key concepts or words to maximize your learning. And lastly, don’t forget to rest very well after every study session. A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW 1) Introduction (1 min) Under the umbrella of manipulative and body- based practices is a heterogeneous group of CAM interventions and therapies. These include chiropractic and osteopathic manipulation, massage therapy, Tui Na, reflexology, rolfing, Bowen technique, Trager bodywork, Alexander technique, Feldenkrais method, and a host of others. For this module, we will focus on the. osteopathy, hilot and reflexology. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: PHA 045 (Complimentary Alternative Medicine) Student Activity Sheet Module #9 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ 2) Activity 1: What I Know Chart, part 1 (3 mins) Instruction: On the table next page, write on the first column on what you know about on this topic based on the question next to it. No worries if you aren’t sure with your answer for this is only your guide on what you and what to focus for this topic. Keep the third column blank as you will encounter them again on the part 2. What I Know Questions: What I Learned (Activity 4) 1. Is hilot effective on treating sprains? Explain your answer 2. Is there a difference between chiropractic and osteopathic medicine? Explain your answer B.MAIN LESSON 1) Activity 2: Content Notes (30 mins) Instructions: Highlight and take note the important concepts you will encounter in the module. Osteopathy A traditional medical system originally based on the premise that manipulation of the muscles and bones to promote structural integrity could restore or preserve health. History of Osteopathy ✓ was founded in the late 1800s by physician and surgeon Andrew Taylor Still in Kirksville, Missouri. ✓ He discovered that in order to achieve the highest possible form of health, all parts of the body should work together harmoniously. ✓ Also, his goal was to restore the body to optimum health with minimal surgery and medicine, influenced in part by the realization that medical treatments of that time were largely ineffective and, in some cases, harmful. Osteopathy and Chiropractic Medicine Both therapies focus on the musculoskeletal system: practitioners work with bones, muscles, and connective tissue, using their hands to diagnose and treat abnormalities of structure and function. Principle of Osteopathic Medicine 1. “The body is a unit” The human body does not function as a collection of separate parts but rather as an integral whole. 2. “Structure and function are interrelated” Any body part performs a function dictated by its structure. As structure governs function, similarly, abnormal structure brings out dysfunction. 3. “The body possesses self-regulatory mechanisms” For example: This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: PHA 045 (Complimentary Alternative Medicine) Student Activity Sheet Module #9 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ Neuronal reflex mechanisms are constantly monitoring body functions. Hormonal Pathways Heart and kidney regulate blood flow 4. “The body has the inherent capacity to defend or repair itself” For example, skin and mucous membranes are part of the first line of defense. When wounded, the skin is able to heal itself. 5. “When normal adaptability is disrupted, or when environmental changes overcome the body’s capacity for self - maintenance, disease may ensue” Disease is an interaction of the person with external and internal environments. It is caused by adverse environmental factors that overcome the body’s defenses or by the body’s inability to adapt to a situation. 6. “Rational treatment is based on the previous principles” The osteopathic physician may use pharmacologic interventions to assist the healing. They can be used to maximize patient’s potential and allow their innate abilities to manage the rest. Osteopathic Techniques 1. Soft Tissue Technique Type of massage that uses light or firm, direct pressure to relax hypertonic (tight) muscles and stretch tight fascial structures 2. Muscle Energy Technique Muscle Energy Technique (MET) is a manual therapy that uses the muscle contractions of the patient to relax and lengthen tight muscles and improve joint range of motion. 3. Articulation Technique Passive mobilization of the spine or a joint by the practitioner to improve joint movement. 4. HVLA High velocity, low amplitude (HVLA) is a technique where a 'pop' or 'click' of a joint may be heard. HVLA is a great technique, when warranted, to improve joint motion. It is the technique people will often called being 'cracked'. 5. Counterstain Counterstain takes the muscle of stretch so it can reset to its normal resting tone and length. 6. Dry Needling The technique involves using a fine filament needle, like an acupuncture needle, and when placed into a tight muscle band, or trigger point, this creates an instant release response in the area. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: PHA 045 (Complimentary Alternative Medicine) Student Activity Sheet Module #9 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ Hilot ✓ a Filipino term meaning “healer,” is the traditional practice associated with elderly healers, where the ‘manghihilot’ was the healthcare giver of the community. ✓ In Hilot massage, the Hilot Master or manghihilot identifies body illnesses and areas of energy imbalance through methods like pulse reading, hot and cold analysis, phrenology, stool/urine/perspiration analysis. ✓ “The Ancient Art of Healing By Touch” ✓ The word HILOT stands for “Hangin, Init, Lamig, Orasyon at Tubig”. Health Concept of “Hilot” The concept of health and disease is based on the balance of “init” (hot and cold). When there is balance of the forces of hot and cold then the body is well and free from disease. The body is viewed as a network pathway of energy. An imbalance will result to “bara” or blockage of the flow of energy within the body that may lead to diseases like “pilay” and “pasma” The Hilot Massage execution is from hot to cold area of the body. The “manghihilot” uses herbs, minerals and other products in nature to restore the body. Uses of Hilot Massage ✓ Relaxes stressed muscles ✓ Reduces muscle pain ✓ Relieves stress ✓ Improves circulation ✓ Improves skin appearance ✓ Resets dislocated/sprained joints ✓ Used to diagnose and treat musculoskeletal ailments ✓ Induces abortion ✓ Aids in giving birth and in recovering after delivery Reflexology ✓ is a form of massage that involves applying pressure to points on the feet, hands, and ears. ✓ It balances the nervous system by stimulating the nerve endings of the feet, which connect with the spinal nerves and their corresponding organs. It works with the circulatory system, breaking up congestion and deposits in the feet, which in turn help detoxify the body. Reflexology Theories 1. Reflexology works with the central nervous system. ✓ This theory builds on research done in the 1890s by Sir Henry Head and Sir Charles Sherrington, who began to show through their research that a neurological relationship exists between the skin and the internal organs, and that the whole nervous system adjusts to a stimulus. ✓ The reflexologist's application of pressure to feet, hands, or ears sends a calming message from the peripheral nerves in these extremities to the central nervous system, which in turn signals the body to adjust the tension level. ✓ This enhances overall relaxation, brings internal organs and their systems into a state of optimum functioning, and increases blood supply (which brings additional oxygen and nutrients to cells and enhances waste removal). This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: PHA 045 (Complimentary Alternative Medicine) Student Activity Sheet Module #9 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ ✓ It positively affects the circulatory, respiratory, endocrine, immune, and neuropeptide systems in the body. 2. Reflexology reduces pain by reducing the stress and improving mood. ✓ This is better explained by the gate control theory or recently known as neuromatrix theory of pain. ✓ This theory suggests that pain is a subjective experience created by your brain. ✓ The brain does this in response to the sensory experience of pain, but it can also work independently of sensory input and create pain in response to emotional or cognitive factors. Thus, things that influence the brain, such as your mood or external factors like stress can also affect your experience of pain. 3. Reflexology keeps the body’s “vital energy” flowing. ✓ If stress is not addressed, it leads to congestion of energy, which in turn causes bodily inefficiencies, which can lead to illness. 4. Zone Theory ✓ The body is divided into 10 energy loops that start at and then return to the hands and feet. By stimulating the origins of these loops in the feet or hands, reflexologists believe that the pressure will cause a response in any of the organs or systems found within that particular loop. It is a holistic and relaxing therapy that is thought to balance homeostasis within the body and to boost the immune system. ✓ The body is believed to be mirrored in the shape of the feet, so if you are lying down with your feet together, heels resting on the floor and toes pointed toward the ceiling, the shape of your feet would match the outline of your body. Pressure on certain points of the feet, hands, and ears are thought to heal parts of the body that correspond to the pressure points. History of Reflexology Egypt- Pictographs (hieroglyphs) display multiple scenes of people undergoing medical treatment and work on hands and feet. ✓ Another Egyptian pictograph was found in the temple of Amon at Karnak, which was built during Ramses II’s reign (1279–1213 BCE), and depicts a “healer tending to the feet of foot soldiers at the battle of Qadesh”. Americas (Latin America) - the Incas practiced what is thought to be reflexology and the practice is believed have been passed down to North American Indian tribes (Cherokee) sometime in the 17th century. Tribes practiced zone therapy or reflexology to cure themselves of various diseases. William Fitzgerald- introduced zone therapy to the United States. ✓ Zone therapy - the body is divided into 10 vertical zones, running from the tips of the toes to the top of the head. Eunice Ingham- renamed zone therapy as “reflexology,” and mapped out the feet’s reflex zones into charts that are still used today. ✓ discovered that applying pressure to reflex points could have a much wider effect on the body than just pain relief ✓ published her findings in her first book, Stories the Feet Can Tell, and she wrote Stories the Feet Have Told. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: PHA 045 (Complimentary Alternative Medicine) Student Activity Sheet Module #9 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ Hand Reflexology Chart Foot Reflexology Chart Reflexology Techniques 1. The client sits down with feet resting on a support. 2. The feet are bathed before the treatment. Rose water is often used because it helps to soothe the feet, and clients feel they are being pampered when their feet are bathed. 3. The reflexologist positions the feet close to each other and imagines looking at a map of the body. 4. Various points on the feet are pressed to stimulate the circulation. 5. Pressure is applied from the big toe down the foot, moving from side to side. Note: Oil is not used for reflexology because the fingers may slip and cause extra pressure or pain. Instead, a light dusting of talcum powder is used on the foot. Sometimes, the reflexologist may feel tiny crystals under the skin and will record those on a piece of paper. To the reflexologist, it means that a particular area of the body may need special attention. Benefits in reflexology: ✓ Promote balance and normalization of the body’s functions ✓ Reduce stress and bring about relaxation ✓ Improve circulation and delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the cells throughout the This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: PHA 045 (Complimentary Alternative Medicine) Student Activity Sheet Module #9 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ Activity 3: Skill-building Activities (10 mins) A. Matching type: Match column A with column B _________1. A type of massage that uses light or A. HVLA firm, direct pressure to relax hypertonic (tight) B. Counterstain muscles and stretch tight fascial structures C. Dry needling _________2. This is a technique where a 'pop' D. Soft Tissue Technique or 'click' of a joint may be heard. E. Muscle energy technique _________3. This technique takes the muscle of F. Articulation technique stretch so it can reset to its normal resting tone and length _________4. This technique involves passive mobilization of the spine or a joint by the practitioner to improve joint movement _________5. This technique involves using a fine filament needle, like an acupuncture needle, and when placed into a tight muscle band, or trigger point, this creates an instant release response in the area. B. Identification type. Write the correct answer before the number ___________1. Osteopathy was founded in the late 1800s by physician and surgeon named _______ ____________2. The concept of hilot is based on the balance of ___________ ____________3. a form of massage that involves applying pressure to points on the feet, hands, and ears. ____________4. ____________5. ____________6. The word Hilot stands for ____________7 ____________8 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: PHA 045 (Complimentary Alternative Medicine) Student Activity Sheet Module #9 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ 2) Activity 4: What I Know Chart, part 2 (3 mins) To review what was learned from this session, please go back to Activity 1 and answer the “What I Learned” column. Notice and reflect on any changes in your answers. 3) Activity 5: Check for Understanding (5 mins) Now it’s time for you to figure this one out on your own! Take time to read, analyze, and understand the following scenarios. Answer key will be provided during our discussion session. A. Multiple Choice: Choose the best and correct answer to every question. Write the CAPITAL LETTER of your final answer before the number. _____1. He introduced zone therapy to the United States A. Namikoshi B. Andrew Taylor Still C. Eunice Ingham D. William Fitzgerald _____2. Which of the following is not used in reflexology? A. Oil B. Hands C. Talc powder D. None of the choices _____3. The direction of the hilot massage execution is from: A. Cold to hot area of the body B. Hot to cold area of the body C. Depends on the manghihilot D. Random _____4. Which of the following is not true about the principle of osteopathic medicine? A. The body doesn’t have the capacity to defend or repair itself. B. Structures and functions are interrelated. C. The body possesses self-regulatory mechanism. D. The body function as a whole _____5. The following are uses of Hilot Massage, EXCEPT FOR? A. Reduces muscle pain B. Aids in giving birth and in recovering after delivery C. Improves skin appearance D. Induce stress to the muscles This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: PHA 045 (Complimentary Alternative Medicine) Student Activity Sheet Module #9 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ C. LESSON WRAP-UP 1) Activity 6: Thinking about Learning (5 mins) A. Work Tracker You are done with this session! Let’s track your progress. Shade the session number you just completed. P1 P2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Tell me about your thoughts for today’s lesson! 1. What interests you about the lesson today? 2. Do you have questions in mind that you are interested to be discussed? Please write it down. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ FAQ 1. Is there a need for training or certification to become a “manghihilot”? As per PITAHC (Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care), there are two types of Certification process for Hilot Practitioners, Manghihilot recognized by the Community and Practitioners with formal training. Please check the source for more information. Source: https://pitahc.gov.ph/hilot/ KEY TO CORRECTION to Activity 3 A. B. Can be answered 1. Andrew Taylor Still 5. with the following 1. D. 2. Init 6. ✓ Hangin 2. A. 3. Reflexology 7. ✓ Init 3. B. 4. G 8. ✓ Lamig 4. F. ✓ Orasyon 5. C. ✓ Tubig This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION