CM103 PGCP: Leadership Past Paper PDF (September 8, 2024)

CM103: Stand-alone Subject PGCP: Leadership Ricardo D. Isip Jr, MD, MHA, FPPAI, FPFCS | September 8, 2024 TOPICS ○...

CM103: Stand-alone Subject PGCP: Leadership Ricardo D. Isip Jr, MD, MHA, FPPAI, FPFCS | September 8, 2024 TOPICS ○ Variations in the quality of medical leadership between different A. Learning Objectives organizations B. Topics ○ Occasional failure in the standard of a. Introduction to Leadership care provided for patients. i. Good Medical Leadership What defines leadership? ii. What defines leadership? b. Principles of Leadership in Surgery c. Frequently Used Leadership-Development Methodologies i. Mentoring ii. Coaching d. Leadership in Medicine e. Leadership in Healthcare Management C. References LEARNING OBJECTIVES The medical students are expected to meet the Leadership is made up of a series of definable standard learning objectives of this subject: skills that can and should be taught, others 1. Identify core values which guide leadership argue that there should be a prerequisite for styles and decision making. natural leadership. 2. Discover current leadership level and Preferred References: potential personal impact. Schwart’z Principles of Surgery (First Chapter) 3. Explore processes for leading a team, tribe, Principles of Leadership in Surgery and organization. 1. Effective surgical leadership improves patient 4. Develop strategies to maximize. Productivity care, safety, and clinical outcomes. of teams and individuals. 2. Leadership provides a vision, direction and purpose. 3. Surgical trainees can be taught leadership Introduction to Leadership principles in formal leadership training programs Why is leadership important in the field of to enhance their ability to lead. medicine? Frequently Used Leadership-Development A. Leadership in Medicine Methodologies Good Medical Leadership A. Mentoring Off-line help by one person to another in making significant transitions in knowledge, work, and thinking. A form of human development where one person invests time, energy and personal know-how in helping another person grow and improve to become the best that he/she can become. B. Coaching Aimed at performance enhancement in a specific area. It is goal-oriented and often a relatively short-term process. There is still insufficient research looking at what Good medical leadership is the key to building happens in the coaching process that can high-quality healthcare. support leadership development, when it’s The teaching of leadership has traditionally not successful, why it is successful in some settings, equaled that of technical and academic and what sort of leaders benefit most from competencies in the field of medicine which coaching. resulted in changes in: They are often in a unique position of ○ Personal standards insight, and provide important and useful PREPARED BY I. ARCILLA, L. BALDO, K. BEDIA, J. BONIFACIO, F. BRIZUELA, K. CANDELA, J. CLEOFE, L. CRUZ, S. CURIMAO, M. ESPIRITU, G. GODISAN, D. GONZALES, K. GONZALES, T. GRECIA. (YL1-A4) 1  Leadership – Week 3 perspectives which are valuable even ○ That’s true not only during emergencies, outside of the scope of medical practice. but also for managing chronic diseases ○ Doctors have the opportunity to get or improving hospital efficiency. involved at any and all levels, as respected members of the Delegating as a Physician Leader: community-at-large. Four Tips to Setting Up your Team for Leadership in Medicine Success Strong leaders are not only good for patients, but also for doctors, as a program from the Mayo Clinic illustrates. Each year, clinicians at Mayo assess their supervisors — all of whom are physicians. On a Leader Index, a simple 12-question survey of five leadership domains: ○ Truthfulness ○ Transparency Many, if not most, of you as medical students ○ Character will one day aspire to, or be thrust into, roles ○ Capability of leadership. ○ Partnership It is our responsibility to remember the pledges Does the physician-leader support colleagues? we have made to serve our patients to the best Are they approachable and fair? of our abilities. Do others feel psychologically safe working with Leading in the setting of clinical practice: them? ○ Research ○ Academia ○ Industry ○ Public health ○ Policy ○ Politics As medical students and medical/health professionals we hold a privileged place in society, and such privilege comes with a degree The results have been impressive. of responsibility to the community and society For every one-point increase in a leader’s we serve. score, there is a 9 percent improvement in We must therefore remember that in addition to professional satisfaction and a 4 percent training to become medical doctors, we should decrease in burnout among frontline doctors. also be training to become leaders. Across departments, nearly half of the variation in satisfaction can be explained by the Leader Whether we like it or not - not to mention Index score of the chairperson. whether we are prepared or not - we will Developing physicians as leaders may be good ultimately be put in roles of leadership. It is our for the medical profession as a whole. responsibility to not take leadership lightly, and A central force behind doctor dissatisfaction is to prepare ourselves as best we can. bureaucratic intrusion and loss of professional autonomy. The number of non-physician administrations in the American healthcare system has skyrocketed in recent decades. ○ Many physicians feel frustrated by policies imposed by those they perceive as disconnected from the realities of clinical care. Grooming doctors to assume leadership roles could help. physicians are happier when their bosses are also physicians, and hospitals with physician chief executives seem to perform better than Most people think of doctors as scientists, those with non-clinical leaders. caregivers or educators. Medical school admissions have traditionally But we must also understand doctors as focused on test scores and GPAs, but assessing leadership skills may be just as, if not more, leaders. important for selecting students who will become Physician leadership good doctors. ○ is critical for better patient outcomes, Some residency programs, including at the clinical performance and professional General Massachusetts General Hospital, have satisfaction. recognized the need to formalize leadership education and have introduced business PREPARED BY I. ARCILLA, L. BALDO, K. BEDIA, J. BONIFACIO, F. BRIZUELA, K. CANDELA, J. CLEOFE, L. CRUZ, S. CURIMAO, M. ESPIRITU, G. GODISAN, D. GONZALES, K. GONZALES, T. GRECIA. (YL1-A4) 2  Leadership – Week 3 school-inspired courses on management and emotional intelligence. Leadership in Healthcare Management Today, talk of leadership is so persuasive it can sometimes feel empty — the stuff of resume-paddling and political advertising. In medicine, effective leadership has tangible benefits. As our health system continues to struggle to devise ways to improve quality and reduce costs, it’s increasingly clear that a healthy culture can lead to better medical care. For their patients and their colleagues, doctors must be leaders. Modify curricula to include leadership skill Leadership development at all levels of training. Various strategies should be undertaken to Leadership training should be as rigorous as instruct and provide valuable experience in clinical reasoning or procedural skills. leadership and management issues to health Focus on interpersonal literacy for effective and medical students, residents, and practicing leadership in healthcare. professionals. Key interpersonal skills include team The issues, ideas, and strategies are relevant no coordination, coaching and feedback, matter what your stage of training, and/or career, interprofessional communication, and emotional or where in the world you may be based, as intelligence. leadership and leadership-development are Recognized by healthcare institutions globally, important in just about any and all contexts. such as the American Medical Association, The universal message is to get involved as National Health Service, and Canadian College early as possible in leadership, and to of Health Leaders. develop those skills and qualities that will Impact of Leadership Quality on Healthcare make us true leaders. Outcomes Essential Skills for Physicians in Modern Healthcare Systems Lack of focus on leadership development in trainees. Leadership quality influences patient care, healthcare system outcomes, and finances. Hospitals with better management practices and Understanding the business aspects of boards deliver higher quality care and improved healthcare organizations clinical outcomes, including lower mortality. Knowledge of insurance structure and patient Enhanced management practices correlate with costs higher patient satisfaction and better financial Awareness and application of quality and safety performance. principles Effective leadership is linked to reduced Responsibility for correcting and enhancing physician burnout and increased physician healthcare systems satisfaction. Ability to recognize, disclose, and address errors Supporting team members in error management Incorporating Leadership Skills into Medical Education PREPARED BY I. ARCILLA, L. BALDO, K. BEDIA, J. BONIFACIO, F. BRIZUELA, K. CANDELA, J. CLEOFE, L. CRUZ, S. CURIMAO, M. ESPIRITU, G. GODISAN, D. GONZALES, K. GONZALES, T. GRECIA. (YL1-A4) 3  Leadership – Week 3 Medicine Involves Leadership As more evidence shows that leadership skills and management practices positively influence both patient and healthcare organization outcomes, it’s becoming clear that leadership training should be formally integrated into medical and residency training curricula. Fall seven times, stand up eight That is the same dedication that is required for you to become a great leader. Leadership Develops Daily, Not in a Day Nearly all physicians take on significant leadership responsibilities over the course of their career, but unlike any other occupation where management skills are important, physicians are neither taught how to lead nor are they typically rewarded for good leadership. The Law of Navigation Anyone can steer the ship, but it takes a leader to chart the course. Leadership curricula should focus on two key sets of skills: 1. Interpersonal literacy is crucial for effective leadership in modern healthcare. 2. Separate set of necessary skills deals with systems literacy. LEADERSHIP IN HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT A healthy culture can lead to better medical care. Universal message: ○ Get involved as early as possible in leadership ○ Develop skills and qualities that will make us Leadership Has Many Facets true leaders. Facets of Leadership ○ Respect “A LEADER IS ONE WHO SEES MORE THAN ○ Emotional strength OTHERS SEE, ○ Discipline WHO SEES FARTHER THAN OTHERS SEE, ○ Momentum AND ○ Experience WHO SEES BEFORE OTHERS DO.” ○ People skills ○ Vision ○ Timing Although it’s true that some people are born with greater natural gifts than others, the ability to lead is really a collection of skills, nearly all of which can be learned and improved. But that process doesn’t happen overnight. Leadership is complicated. Simon Siinek, one of your generation's leadership gurus describes leadership from a follow era point of view… PREPARED BY I. ARCILLA, L. BALDO, K. BEDIA, J. BONIFACIO, F. BRIZUELA, K. CANDELA, J. CLEOFE, L. CRUZ, S. CURIMAO, M. ESPIRITU, G. GODISAN, D. GONZALES, K. GONZALES, T. GRECIA. (YL1-A4) 4  Leadership – Week 3 Physician Leadership in Creating Dynamic Executives Being a physician requires not only management and leadership but also the need to transfer competencies to communication and critical thinking. These attributes can be obtained through experience in teamwork under the supervision of teaching staff. Medical students are expected to: ○ Develop skills to deal with and resolve conflicts ○ Learn to share leadership ○ Prepare others to help and replace them ○ Take mutual responsibility ○ Discuss their performance REFERENCE Book: Brunicardi, F. C., Andersen, D. K., Billiar T. R., et al. (2019). Schwartz’s Principles of Surgery 11th Edition Vol. 1. McGraw Hill Education. PREPARED BY I. ARCILLA, L. BALDO, K. BEDIA, J. BONIFACIO, F. BRIZUELA, K. CANDELA, J. CLEOFE, L. CRUZ, S. CURIMAO, M. ESPIRITU, G. GODISAN, D. GONZALES, K. GONZALES, T. GRECIA. (YL1-A4) 5