رسوم مادة العملي في فسيولوجيا PDF

𝐋𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝟏 Frontal plane through heart - ‫اﻟطﺎﺋرة اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯾﺔ ﻣن ﺧﻼل اﻟﻘﻠب‬ Arch of aorta - ‫ﻗوس اﻟﺷرﯾﺎن اﻷورطﻲ‬ Bachman's bundle - ‫ﺣزﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﺧﻣﺎن‬ Left atrium - ‫اﻷذﯾن اﻷﯾﺳر‬ Right atrium - ‫ا...

𝐋𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝟏 Frontal plane through heart - ‫اﻟطﺎﺋرة اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯾﺔ ﻣن ﺧﻼل اﻟﻘﻠب‬ Arch of aorta - ‫ﻗوس اﻟﺷرﯾﺎن اﻷورطﻲ‬ Bachman's bundle - ‫ﺣزﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﺧﻣﺎن‬ Left atrium - ‫اﻷذﯾن اﻷﯾﺳر‬ Right atrium - ‫اﻷذﯾن اﻷﯾﻣن‬ Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His) - ‫( ﺣزﻣﺔ اﻷذﯾﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﺑطﯾﻧﯾﺔ‬AV) (‫ ﺣزﻣﺔ‬His) Left ventricle - ‫اﻟﺑطﯾن اﻷﯾﺳر‬ Right ventricle - ‫اﻟﺑطﯾن اﻷﯾﻣن‬ Right and left bundle branches - ‫ﻓروع اﻟﺣزﻣﺔ اﻟﯾﻣﻧﻰ واﻟﯾﺳرى‬ Purkinje fibers - ‫أﻟﯾﺎف ﺑورﻛﯾﻧﻲ‬ Sinoatrial node (SA) - ‫( اﻟﻌﻘدة اﻟﺟﯾﺑﯾﺔ اﻷذﯾﻧﯾﺔ‬SA) Anterior internodal - ‫اﻟﻌﻘﯾد اﻟداﺧﻠﯾﺔ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯾﺔ‬ Atrioventricular node (AV) - ‫( اﻟﻌﻘدة اﻷذﯾﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﺑطﯾﻧﯾﺔ‬AV) Middle internodal - ‫اﻟﻌﻘﯾدة اﻟوﺳطﻰ‬ Posterior internodal - ‫اﻟﺑﺎطﻧﻲ اﻟﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬ 𝐋𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝟐 Slow response action potential ‫إﻣﻛﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﻣل اﻻﺳﺗﺟﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺑطﯾﺋﺔ‬ Fast response action potential ‫إﻣﻛﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﻣل اﻻﺳﺗﺟﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺳرﯾﻌﺔ‬  𝐋𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝟒 HUMAN HEART ANATOMY - ‫ﺗﺷرﯾﺢ اﻟﻘﻠب اﻟﺑﺷري‬ Pulmonary Artery - ‫اﻟﺷرﯾﺎن اﻟرﺋوي‬ hortic Valve - ‫ﺻﻣﺎم اﻟﺑﻛر‬ Mitral Valve - ‫اﻟﺻﻣﺎم اﻟﺗﺎﺟﻲ‬ Aorta - ‫اﻟﺷرﯾﺎن اﻷورطﻲ‬ Inferior Vena Cava - ‫اﻟورﯾد اﻷﺟوف اﻟﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬ Tricuspid Valve - ‫ﺻﻣﺎم ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻟﺷرف‬ Pulmonary Valve - ‫ﺻﻣﺎم رﺋوي‬ Pulmonary Vein - ‫اﻟورﯾد اﻟرﺋوي‬ Superior Vena Cava - ‫اﻟورﯾد اﻷﺟوف اﻟﻌﻠوي‬ Venous Blood - ‫اﻟدم اﻟورﯾدي‬ Arterial Blood - ‫اﻟدم اﻟﺷرﯾﺎﻧﻲ‬ 𝐋𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝟑  Normal sinus rhythm - ‫إﯾﻘﺎع اﻟﺟﯾوب اﻷﻧﻔﯾﺔ اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﻲ‬ Atrial fibrillation - ‫اﻟرﺟﻔﺎن اﻷذﯾﻧﻲ‬ This is the irregular beating of the atrial chambers, Atrial fibrillation (A-fib) is common and mainly develops in adults over 65 years of age. ‫( ﺷﺎﺋﻊ وﯾﺗطور ﺑﺷﻛل رﺋﯾﺳﻲ ﻟدى اﻟﺑﺎﻟﻐﯾن اﻟذﯾن ﺗزﯾد‬A-fib) ‫ واﻟرﺟﻔﺎن اﻷذﯾﻧﻲ‬،‫ھذا ھو اﻟﺿرب ﻏﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﺗظم ﻟﻠﻐرف اﻷذﯾﻧﯾﺔ‬.‫ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ‬65 ‫أﻋﻣﺎرھم ﻋن‬ Instead of producing a single, strong contraction, the chamber fibrillates, or quivers, often producing a rapid heartbeat. ‫ وﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻧﺗﺞ ﻧﺑﺿﺎت ﻗﻠب ﺳرﯾﻌﺔ‬،‫ ﻓﺈن اﻟرﺟﻔﺎن أو اﻟﮭزة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ‬،‫ﺑدﻻ ﻣن إﻧﺗﺎج اﻧﻛﻣﺎش واﺣد ﻗوي‬  Atrial flutter - ‫رﻓرﻓﺔ أذﯾﻧﯾﺔ‬ While fibrillation causes many random and different quivers in the atrium, atrial flutter is usually from one area in the atrium that is not conducting properly. This produces a consistent pattern in the abnormal heart conduction. ‫ إﻻ أن اﻟرﻓرﻓﺔ اﻷذﯾﻧﯾﺔ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﺗﻛون ﻣن ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﯾن أن اﻟرﺟﻔﺎن ﯾﺳﺑب اﻟﻌدﯾد ﻣن اﻻرﺗﻌﺎب اﻟﻌﺷواﺋﯾﺔ واﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷذﯾن‬ ‫واﺣدة ﻓﻲ اﻷذﯾن ﻻ ﺗﺟري‬ ‫ ﯾﻧﺗﺞ ﻋن ذﻟك ﻧﻣطﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺗﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل ﻏﯾر اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻠب‬.‫ﺑﺷﻛل ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬ Some people may experience both flutter and fibrillation..‫ﻗد ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻌض اﻷﺷﺧﺎص ﻣن ﻛل ﻣن اﻟرﻓرﻓﺔ واﻟرﺟﻔﺎن‬ Atrial flutter can be a serious condition and usually leads to fibrillation without treatment ‫ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﯾﻛون اﻟرﻓرﻓﺔ اﻷذﯾﻧﯾﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺧطﯾرة وﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﯾؤدي إﻟﻰ اﻟرﺟﻔﺎن‬ ‫ﺑدون ﻋﻼج‬  Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) (SVT) ‫ﻋدم اﻧﺗظﺎم دﻗﺎت اﻟﻘﻠب ﻓوق اﻟﺑطﯾﻧﻲ‬ rapid but rhythmically regular heartbeat ‫ﻧﺑﺿﺎت ﻗﻠب ﺳرﯾﻌﺔ وﻟﻛن ﻣﻧﺗظﻣﺔ ﺑﺷﻛل إﯾﻘﺎﻋﻲ‬ Medication is crucial for treatment ‫اﻟدواء ﺿروري ﻟﻠﻌﻼج‬ HR 150-200 Narrow QRS QRS ‫ﺗﺿﯾﯾق‬  Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) (VT) ‫ﻋدم اﻧﺗظﺎم دﻗﺎت اﻟﻘﻠب اﻟﺑطﯾﻧﻲ‬ This condition refers to abnormal electrical impulses that start in the ventricles and cause an abnormally fast heartbeat ‫ﺗﺷﯾر ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻧﺑﺿﺎت ﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻏﯾر طﺑﯾﻌﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺑدأ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺑطﯾﻧﯾن وﺗﺳﺑب ﻧﺑﺿﺎت ﻗﻠب ﺳرﯾﻌﺔ ﺑﺷﻛل ﻏﯾر طﺑﯾﻌﻲ‬  Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) - ‫( اﻟرﺟﻔﺎن اﻟﺑطﯾﻧﻲ‬VF) This is an irregular heart rhythm consisting of rapid, uncoordinated, and fluttering contractions of the ventricles. The ventricles do not pump blood but quiver instead. ‫ اﻟﺑطﯾﻧﯾن ﻻ ﯾﺿﺧون اﻟدم‬.‫ھذا ھو إﯾﻘﺎع اﻟﻘﻠب ﻏﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﺗظم اﻟذي ﯾﺗﻛون ﻣن ﺗﻘﻠﺻﺎت ﺳرﯾﻌﺔ وﻏﯾر ﻣﻧﺳﻘﺔ وﺗرﻓرف ﻓﻲ اﻟﺑطﯾﻧﯾن‬.‫وﻟﻛﻧﮭم ﯾرﺗﺟﻔون ﺑدﻻ ﻣن ذﻟك‬ Ventricular fibrillation can be life threatening and usually has links to heart disease ‫ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﯾﻛون اﻟرﺟﻔﺎن اﻟﺑطﯾﻧﻲ ﻣﮭددا ﻟﻠﺣﯾﺎة وﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﯾﻛون ﻟﮫ رواﺑط‬ ‫إﻟﻰ أﻣراض اﻟﻘﻠب‬ First degree AV block - ‫ ﻛﺗﻠﺔ‬AV ‫ﻣن اﻟدرﺟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ Second degree AV block (Mobitz I or Wenckebach) (MobitzI or Wenckebach) ‫ ﻣن اﻟدرﺟﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬AV ‫ﻛﺗﻠﺔ‬ Second degree AV block (Mobitz Il) (Mobitz Il) ‫ ﻣن اﻟدرﺟﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬AV ‫ﻛﺗﻠﺔ‬ Second degree AV block (2:1 block) (2:1 ‫ ﻣن اﻟدرﺟﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ )ﻛﺗﻠﺔ‬AV ‫ﻛﺗﻠﺔ‬ Third degree AV block with junctional escape ‫ ﻣن اﻟدرﺟﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺧرج ﺗﻘﺎطﻌﻲ‬AV ‫ﻛﺗﻠﺔ‬  ‫‪The ECG machine and its leads‬‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز ﺗﺧطﯾط اﻟﻘﻠب اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﻲ وأﺳﻼﻛﮫ‬ ‫𝟓 𝐞𝐫𝐮𝐭𝐜𝐞𝐋‬ ‫ﻣﻘﯾﺎس ﺿﻐط اﻟدم ‪sphygmomanometer -‬‬ sphygmomanometer - ‫ﻣﻘﯾﺎس ﺿﻐط اﻟدم‬