Rock-Forming Minerals PDF

EARTH AND MATERIAL PROCESSES ROSEMARIE TUTO  OBJECTIVES: Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties. Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic explain how the products of weathering are carried away by erosion and deposi...

EARTH AND MATERIAL PROCESSES ROSEMARIE TUTO  OBJECTIVES: Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties. Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic explain how the products of weathering are carried away by erosion and deposited elsewhere Describe where the Earth’s internal heat comes from. describe how magma is formed (magmatism) Describe the physical and chemical changes in rocks due to changes in pressure and temperature (metamorphism) compare and contrast the formation of the different types of igneous rocks ROCK-FORMING MINERALS Using their physical and chemical properties 3 WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ROCK AND MINERALS? 4 MINERALS Make up Earth’s solid part and provide us valuable resources Approximately 4,000 different minerals known 5 COMMON ROCK-FORMING MINERALS 6 FIVE REQUIREMENTS TO BE CLASSIFIED AS A MINERAL Naturally occurring Inorganic Solid Definite chemical composition Ordered crystal structure 7 MINERALOGY Study of minerals and their properties (physical and chemical) MINERALOGIST Scientist trained in mineralogy 8 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS 9 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES- CAN BE OBSERVED AND DETERMINED EASILY Color Luster Crystal Form/Habit Cleavage/Fracture Hardness Specific Gravity Streak Other Properties (odor, taste 10 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Color-Most obvious property but not always definitive 11 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Crystal Form/Habit- is the morphology of the crystal growth. 12 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Hardness- measure the resistance of a mineral to abrasion 13 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Streak- refers to the color displayed in finely powdered form left behind when rubbed on a rough surface. It is definitive. 14 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Cleavage- how smoothly minerals break Fracture- when a mineral breaks like a piece of glass with uneven, jagged edges 15 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Luster- quality and intensity of reflected light exhibited by the mineral Metallic luster- generally opaque Non-metallic luster- vitreous, and exhibit a resplendent shine adamantine, resinous, silky, pearly, similar to a polished metal dull, and greasy. 16 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Specific gravity- ratio of the density of the mineral and the density of water. 17 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Other properties-magnetism, odor, taste, reaction to acid 18  CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Element Element Element + Element + Element + Element + Element + +SiO4 O2 SO4 S2 CO3 Halogens Native Silicate Oxide Sulfate Sulfide Carbonate Halide Gold Quartz Hematite Gypsum Pyrite Calcite Chlorine Bismuth Olivine Magnetite Barite Galena Dolomite Fluorine Diamond Talc Chromite Anhydrite Bornite Malachite Halite 19