Risk Policy PDF

Risks and Disease Prevention ● Risk = expected annual mortality/hazard ● Risk assessment = determining the extent of the hazard / identifying who faces the hazard Potential Future Reforms to U.S. Health Care - A movement away from treatment-based - Emphasis on health promotion and disease pre...

Risks and Disease Prevention ● Risk = expected annual mortality/hazard ● Risk assessment = determining the extent of the hazard / identifying who faces the hazard Potential Future Reforms to U.S. Health Care - A movement away from treatment-based - Emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention - Effective provision and allocation of resources for preventive care, especially nutrition services. Why the need to include nutrition services in health care benefits? ● Relatively inexpensive vs. treatment ● Keep employees healthy ● Manageable and easy-to-document ● Enhances the ability to fight disease, avoid hospitalization, and expensive treatments ● Enhances patient recovery Healthy People 2030 Vision: A society in which all people can achieve their full potential for health and well-being across the lifespan. Overarching Goals = Attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. - Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well-being of all. - Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining the full potential for health and well-being for all. - Promote healthy development, healthy behaviors, and well-being across all life stages. - Engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take action and design policies that improve the health and well-being of all. Public Policy ● Course of action chosen by public authorities to address a given problem - ● Problem = gap between reality and desired situation Policies need public and legislative support Big “P” VS. Little “p” Policy Big “P” policy ● National or state policy ● Require legislative and executive approval ● Labor and time intensive because of number of stakeholders involved ● Implementation results in greater reach at systems level Little “p” policy ● Implemented at department or agency level ● Addresses organizational practices ● Not as labor intensive to implement as Big “P” Branches of U.S. Government Executive: administers the laws ● President & Cabinet Legislative: makes the laws ● ● Senate (100 members) House of Representatives (234 members) Judicial: interprets the laws ● Court system Lobbying (Influence) Opportunities ● propose a bill ● agenda setting within Congress ● action at appropriate committee ● encourage President to sign/veto ● Note: The same ideas hold true at the state or local levels, targeting governors or mayors, etc. instead of the President Developing Effective Policy - Document needs and define the problem - Develop a “grassroots” coalition of support - Draft a policy statement; get the issue on the agenda - Seek and gain support from relevant policymakers Policy is: ● adopted ● implemented ● monitored/evaluated ● Terminated? The Process of Policymaking 1. Define Health Problems & Agenda Setting - The problem is defined and brought to the public’s and policymakers’ attention. Issues become part of the public agenda when a legislature, administrative agency, or court considers them. 2. Formulation of Alternatives - Possible solutions to the problem are devised 3. Policy Adoption - The tools or instruments are selected to achieve a given policy goal—namely, the resolution of the problem. The tools may consist of regulations, expenditures, partnerships, programs, or a combination. 4. Policy Implementation - The strategies chosen for addressing the problem using the appropriate agreed-upon tools are put into place. 5. Policy Evaluation - The impact of the policy and the tools used to implement it are evaluated. 6. Policy Termination - The policy may be terminated because of loss of support because it is not achieving its goals, or because it costs too much. How (ex: mechanism used) does the U.S. government legitimize policy in order to influence the health behavior of the general public? - Food label (Calories now in bold letters) CHANGES whether or not people will consume the food