Philippine Folk Dance Reviewer Mid-Term Exam

Republic of the Philippines BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SPORTS, EXERCISE, AND RECREATION City of Malolos 3000, Bulacan PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCE REVIEWER (MID-TERM EXAMINATION) Introduction to Physi...

Republic of the Philippines BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SPORTS, EXERCISE, AND RECREATION City of Malolos 3000, Bulacan PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCE REVIEWER (MID-TERM EXAMINATION) Introduction to Physical Education I. Definition of Physical Education Physical education is an integral part of the educational system that promotes an individual's physical, social, emotional, and mental development through a well-selected physical activity program. It refers to an essential segment of general education, which aims to contribute to the learner's total development by participating in various activities. It provides opportunities to acquire lifelong skills essential to his physical, mental, social, and emotional development. II. Objectives of Physical Education Physical education aims to help the learner develop and maintain a healthy lifestyle by acquiring knowledge, desirable habits and attitudes, game and skill, and wholesome interpersonal relationships. The main objective of Physical Education focused on the four aspects of development. 1. Physical Development Physical fitness, which is the body's capacity to engage in work and play without undue fatigue, is the foremost aim of Physical Education. A physically fit body can be achieved through regular exercise and participation in various varied activities. In the pursuit of the development and maintenance of Physical Fitness, fundamental movement skills, games, sports, and dances skills can increase one's capability to enjoy lifetime recreational pursuit. 2. Mental Development The focus is on acquiring knowledge and understanding, analyzing body movement skills, evaluating game situations, and making critical decisions. Understanding the games' rules leads to better performance or appreciation of activity if one is a spectator. Creativity is an important segment of growth that can be enhanced if the learner has a rich background and exposure to various physical activities.  3. Social Development A learner seldom gets into various physical activities by himself. It plays dances or exercises with people. In the process, it learns to respect others and practice fair play, sportsmanship, teamwork, and developed leadership. It understands the game of life – the application of the golden rule. 4. Emotional Development Participating in varied physical activities enables one to acquire pleasant attitudes, desirable habits, appreciation, and values. Positive character traits such as courage, self-confidence, discipline, appreciation for stunning performance, and self-expression are developed and become part of an individual's way of life. III. Bloom's Taxonomy of Behavioral Objectives Physical education gives the learners a total development to develop cognitive, psychomotor, and affective at its highest growth and development level. 1. Psychomotor Objectives It is under physical fitness development, component, and movement skills. It develops the student's endurance, strength, flexibility, balance, and agility. 2. Cognitive Objectives Cognitive objectives are under knowledge and information, and the productivity of it is the proper body functions and development process. It develops analysis, reasoning power, and decision making as well as rules, strategies, and safety measures. 3. Affective Objectives It is under social and emotional stability. It develops courage, self- discipline, self-expression, aesthetic appreciation, cooperation, sportsmanship, respect, and leadership. IV. Importance of Physical Education Physical education is vital in the development of motor skills and the enhancement of reflexes. It teaches the importance of physical health and contributes to becoming responsible individuals that can make wise decisions about their health, safety, and well-being. 1. Builds Self-Confidence Participation in physical education provides a positive influence on a student's personality, character, and self-esteem. The team-building process also enhances communication skills and the skills required to cooperate with students of varying ethnic backgrounds and personalities.  2. Develops Motor Skills Physical education is essential to the development of motor skills and the enhancement of reflexes. Hand-eye coordination is improved and right body movements, which helps develop a healthy body posture. 3. Health and Nutrition Physical education teaches students the importance of physical health. Some students misinterpret the meaning of "overweight," and eating disorders prevail. Physical fitness and education inform students about sound eating practices and the essential guidelines for nutrition. 4. Relieves Stress Students have substantial amounts of stress due to curriculum, homework, families, and peer pressures. Involvement in sports, recreational activities, or other forms of physical fitness offers a method of stress relief. 5. Considerations Special considerations may be necessary regarding physical activities for some students with health issues, and those students should proceed under the direction of a doctor. The Philippine Dance The Philippines is incredibly rich in folk dances. It influenced the diversity of the culture and drama of everyday lives. It blends the exotic customs and cultures of many countries and races – Indonesians, Malay, Chinese, Indian, Spanish, and American. Though rich in cultural heritage, the Philippines do not have much of classical tradition in dance, unlike many of its Southeast Asian neighbors. Having more than 7,100 islands at the crossroad of Asia has been inhabited by different racial groups. Foreign influences have left a massive imprint on the Philippine culture. Only isolated regions unaffected by those passing of cross- cultural influences have people stood still with their own identities to establish a traditional dance. Filipino possesses natural grace, an inborn love for music, and dance. Dancing was considered a religious activity among them. They dance for many occasions – birth, courtship, love, wedding, marriage, thanksgiving, planting and harvesting, prosperous voyage, war victory, recovery from sickness, and healing the sick. Filipinos are also lovers of rituals as they dance to their prayers, labors, harvest, fiestas, and even sorrows. Dance speaks a universal language – a form of silent yet eloquent communication that generally tends to break the barriers between peoples, so they eventually gain mutual understanding. The study of folk dance is a valuable medium for understanding the cultural background of one's country and that of others. Transformed into an art form, it purposes to seek the light of scientific truth as the best means of expressing movements in discovering man's emotional response to life. Francisca Reyes – Aquino (Mother of Philippine Folk Dance and National Artist for Dance 1973) said, dance as an art is one of the durable strands interwoven into our lives the fabric of the culture. More than any type of dance and greater perhaps than any art field, folk dance has been a substantial factor in Filipino souls' expression and identity. The Phases of the Dance Program 1. Creative Rhythms These are sometimes called fundamental rhythms or natural dances. A creative rhythm is an end product of exploration and improvisation of movements as children learn to move the parts of their bodies and use them as instruments of expression. 2. Folk/ Indigenous dance Folk dance is a cultural art form handed down from generation to generation. It communicates the customs, beliefs, rituals, and occupations of the people of a region or country. Folk dancing belongs to the people. It emanates from them. Ethnic tribes have their specific tribal art forms originated and danced by the people of the tribe. Examples of folk dances are the rural and country dances and dances with foreign influence. In contrast, dances of the mountain peoples of the Cordilleras, dances of the ethnic groups in the Cagayan Valley Region, and the ethnic dances in the Mindanao Regions are examples of indigenous dance. 3. Social and Ballroom Dance The setting of the social and Ballroom dance is a social gathering with a more formal atmosphere than the informal and straightforward parties in which the recreational dances are the usual forms. It is usually held in the evening. The participants are generally in formal attire. 4. Recreational Dance It includes dance mixers, square dance, round, and couple dances. Many of these dances have simple patterns and combinations of walking steps, polka steps, and waltz. The setting is usually informal gatherings and parties, reunions, etc. 5. Creative Dance It is the highest form of dance. It is the end-product of exploration and improvisation of movements as the dancer, or the choreographer expresses his feelings or emotions, ideas, and interpretations. It is a dance with a definite form, a beginning, and an ending. The principles of the art form are all observed in the composition of the dance.  Definition of Terms Every individual has a rhythm. It is found in all of nature and is natural to every individual. Rhythm is always a part of the dance- the art of movement. 1. Rhythm It is the flow of music through time. It is the aspect of music concerned with accents, durations, and flow of the notes. It also best understood when incorporated with an arrangement of notes called melody. Rhythm is a regular recurrence of accented and unaccented beat or movement. Rhythm is natural to all human beings because we are born with a sense of rhythm affected by the heart's regular beating. It denotes an aspect of a quality of movement that is sometimes thought of as dance. When an individual moves in response to a particular rhythm or music, we call the movements rhythmic movements or rhythms. Structured forms that start creative rhythmic movements are called rhythms. 2. Beat The beat is the basic music; it is used as a measuring device to regulate individual notes' duration. When you clap your hands, tap your foot, nod your head or tap your lap to music, you respond to its beat. 3. Rhythmic activities These are the physical manifestations of the mental and emotional response of the individual to a rhythm. They are movements performed by the body in response to some forms of rhythmic accompaniments. They are also a source of enjoyment for people of all ages. Through these activities, we acquire and develop the skills and sense of rhythm, we express feelings, and we experience the basic principles of time, space, and force. Everyone reacts to music or rhythm in one form or another. Swaying of the head, tapping of the foot, snapping of the fingers, shoulders, and body moving with music's rhythm are physical reactions. 4. Dance It is a form of art consisting of movements set to music or rhythm where there emerge organization, structure, and pattern. A movement put into rhythmic and spatial form, a succession of the body changes which start, proceed, and finish. It is a composition that implies the arrangement of parts into a form. 5. Dancing It is a means of expressing one's emotions through movement disciplined by rhythm. It is an act of moving rhythmically and expressively to an accompaniment.  The word dancing came from the German word "Danson," which means to "stretch." Essentially, all-dancing is made up of stretching and relaxing. 6. Movement It is made up of a succession of body changes, which takes place one after the other. 7. Locomotor It is the movement that carries the body from one place to another through space. 8. Non- Locomotor The body's movement on a stationary or fixed base position, a movement around its axis. 9. Basic Movement Skills It relates to physical activity, which will provide safety, pleasure in work, and play if performed correctly and smoothly without strain. Five Group Classifications of Philippine Traditional Dances I. The Dances of the Cordillera Groups In the mountain region of northern Luzon and the Sierra madre Mountain ranges, live the eight major ethno linguistic communities' tribes, the "BIKAIIG" – Bontocs, Ifugao, Benguet, Apayao, Kalinga, Itneg, Ilonggot, and Gaddang. They use metal gongs called ganza or gangsa beaten on the outer surface with a short-padded stick, a bamboo nose flute called tungali or tulali, blown by a single nostril and other percussive and wood wind instruments to accompany their dances. Dance Examples: Pattong, Bumayah, Bendian, Turayen, Salip, Idudu and Bumbuwak. II. Dances with Western Influence The Westernization of the Filipino culture brought changes in the style of dancing among Filipinos. Foreign steps like Jota, Pandanggo, Valse, Habanera, Mazurka, and Polka have been introduced. Dance Examples: Rigodon de Honor, La Jota Moncadeña, Pandanggo sa Ilaw, Valse Vieja, Habanera Botolena, Mazurka Val and Polkabal. III. Dances of the Muslim Groups Down in the southern part of the country are the Muslim groups. Filipino Muslims also known as Moros, constitute the largest single non- Christian group in the country. The ethnolinguistic group that comprises the Muslim population of the Philippines are the Maranao, Maguindanao, Tausug and Samal, Yakan, Jama Mapun and Badjao. They are marked by intricate hand and arm movement along with shimmering costumes. Common to their dances are the use of fingers to express feelings and emotions. Dance Examples: Singkil, Sagayan, Buti-buti, Pindulas, Sua – Ku – Sua and Maglanka IV. Dances of the Lesser-Known Groups They are ethnic groups living in the different locations in the country that are untouched and never been influenced by the Westerners. These tribal groups are the Bagobo, Bukidnons, Manobo, Mandaya, Mansaka, Subanon, T'boli, Tagakaulo, Tagbanua, Talaingod and Tiruray. Dance Examples: Dugso, Pig-agawan, Lawin-lawin, Kadal Taju, Pagdiwata, Inamo, Makatod, Udol, Sohten V. Countryside/ Rural Dances To the Filipinos, these dances illustrate the fiesta spirit and demonstrate a love of life. These are dances that typically characterize the nature and kind of work of the people. Dance Examples: Regatones, Itik-itik, Pandang-pandang, Binasuan, Maglalatik and Tinikling Classification of Philippine Folk Dances I. Geography a. National Dances These are the traditional dances found throughout the island with little or no modification and with a joint basic movement or pattern but with a light variation. b. Local or Regional Dances These dances are found in certain localities or regions only. II. Nature a. Religious or Ceremonial Dances These are dances performed in connection with religious vows and ceremonies. b. Courtship Dances These dances depict lovemaking or are dances with a love theme.  c. War Dances These are dances showing imaginary combat or duel with the use of the fighting implement. III. Movements a. Fast or Active These are dances with fast, energetic movement. Examples: Tinikling, Maglalatik, Polkabal, Sakuting b. Moderate Examples: Carinosa, Tagala, Habanera, Purpuri, ect. c. Slow Examples: Pasakat, Habanera Sultera IV. Formation a. Long Formation Two or more parallel lines b. Set These are dances consisting of two or more pairs as a unit, partners facing each other, or standing side by side. Special Classification 1. Dances with Songs Examples: Abaruray, Manang Biday, Lulay, Rogelia, Lawiswis, Kawayan 2. Dances with Implements Examples: Maglalatik, Sakuting, Jota Moncadeña, Tinikling, Salakot. Fundamental Positions of Arms and Feet in Folk Dancing There are five fundamental or basic dance positions: position, 2nd position, 3rd position, 4th position, and 5th position of the feet and arms. I. Arm Positions 1st position - Both arms were raised in a circle in front of the chest with the fingertips about an inch apart. 2nd position - Both raised sideward with a graceful curve at the shoulder level. 3rd Position - One arm raised sideward as in 2nd position; another arm extended upward. 4th Position - One arm raised in front as in 1st position; the other arm extended overhead. 5th position - Both arms raised overhead. II. Feet Positions 1st position - Heels close together, toes apart with an angle of about 45 degrees. 2nd position - Feet apart sideward of about a pace distance. 3rd position - The heel of one foot placed close to the instep of the other foot. 4th Position - One foot is placed in front of the other foot of a pace distance. 5th position - The heel of the front foot close to the toe of the rear foot. III. Other Dance Positions 1. Amplified – it is a more open position in the first or fifth position. 2. Lateral Arm Position – Both arms raised sideward parallel to each other. 3. "T" Position – both arms raised sideward, elbows bent so that the forearms fall downward parallel to the body; palms facing inward. 4. Reverse "T" Position- Both arms raised sideward, elbows bent so that the forearms are also raised upward parallel to the head, palm facing in. 5. Hayon-hayon – One arm bent in front at waist level; another arm was twisted behind also at waist level. 6. Jaleo – Partners stand side by side facing opposite directions with R (L) hands on the waist so that R (L) elbows slightly touch each other. It is a starting position for both dancers to move either clockwise or counterclockwise.  Reminders 1. There will be a time limit to answer all the questions. 2. Please read each question carefully. 3. Be honest, do not look on the reviewer to cheat. 4. Be familiar with the terms and their descriptions, meaning, or definitions. Most questions look for descriptions or explanations of a particular term. 5. Cheating and plagiarism in any form will merit a grade of 0.00 REVIEW! REVIEW! REVIEW! Good work! I love you all! God Bless you! "A dishonest man insults his mental ability." - Sir Mark