Rizal Law PDF

Lesson 1. Rizal Law - to disseminate the ideas and ideals of Self-Governing - emphasizes the Jose Rizal through reading of his novels, importance of control and autonomy. Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo...

Lesson 1. Rizal Law - to disseminate the ideas and ideals of Self-Governing - emphasizes the Jose Rizal through reading of his novels, importance of control and autonomy. Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. External Criticism - questioning Internal Criticism - take deeper on the The Catholic Church’s Opposition to the content Noli-Fili Bill Since Jose Rizal criticized the Catholic Rizal Law (RA 1425) Church, the Noli-Fili bill was met with A philippine law that requires all stiff opposition from the latter’s head schools in the Philippines, both public and supporters. and private, to offer courses on life, According to them, the bill was an works and writings of the Philippine attempt to discredit the Catholic region. national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal. Father Jesus Cavanna - argued that Jose Rizal novels from the past should not be Why Study Rizal: From The Perspective of taught in schools because they do not Lawmakers accurately depict current conditions and may give a false impression of the ?Many Filipinos noticed that the feeling of country. Filipino identity was fading? In response, nationalist policy-makers Some additional criticisms of the Catholic took action to redirect the nation back to Church regarding the Noli-Fili Bill its roots by emphasizing the importance Among 333 pages of Noli Me Tangere, of history as a foundation for national only 25 passages are nationalistic while hope and pride. 120 passages are anti-Catholic. Senator Claro M. Recto - introduced the 170 lines from Noli Me Tangere and 50 law on April 3, 1956, through Senate lines in El Filibusterismo were offensive Bill No. 438. to the Catholic doctrine. Senate Bill No. 438 or the “Noli-Fili The bill might divide the nation. Bill” - titled “An Act to Make Noli Me Compulsion to read something against Tangere and El Filibusterismo one’s faith impairs freedom of speech Compulsory Reading Matter in All and religious freedom. Public and and Private Colleges and Rizal admitted that he did not only Universities and For other Purposes.” attack the friars who acted deceptively Senator Jose P. Laurel, Sr., - who was on the Filipinos but also the Catholic the Chairman of the Committee on faith itself. Education. At that time, Noli-Fili Bill was widely ○ On April 17, 1956, he sponsored controversial. the Noli-Fili Bill in the senate and presented it to the Upper These Catholic groups organized opposition House. to the bill: Catholic Action of the Philippines Main Purpose of the Bill Congregation of the Nation Knights of Columbus Catholic Teachers Guild  The church was charged Recto with On May 12, 1956 and May 14, 1956, Senate being a communist and an anti-Catholic. Bill No. 438 and House Bill No. 5561 were both It even comes to the point where unanimously approved on the second reading Catholic Schools threaten to close down and in the Lower House. their schools if the bill was passed. On June 12, 1956, the bill was signed into law Congressman Jacobo Z. Gonzales by President Ramon Magsaysay, giving birth to - On April 19, 1956, filed a similar bill Republic Act 1425 or the Rizal law. called House Bill No. 5561 to the House of Representatives. “Rizal Law” - Unfortunately, akin to Noli-Fili Bill - Act to Include in the Curricula of All No.5561 had also been opposed Public and Private Schools, Colleges contending its constitutionality and and Universities Courses on the Life, religiosity. Works and Writings of Jose Rizal. Particularly, His Novels Noli Me The Enactment of “Rizal Law” Tangere and El Filibusterismo, Senator Laurel proposed a substitute bill Authorizing the Printing and with a few tweaks to appease the Distribution Thereof and for Other opposition. Purposes. ○ Instead of only Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. The new The Elements of the Rizal Law substitute bill now includes a 1. Reading the Novels wider range of works and 2. Availability of Copies in SCU Library writings by Jose Rizal. 3. Translation in different languages ○ Reading is now optional. If a 4. Prohibiting teachers to influence students of student does not want to read their personal beliefs the two novels, they can request 5. The funding of the law for an exemption. 6. The approval of the law ○ The implementation of reading unexpurgated versions of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo will only be for college or university students. Unexpurgated - Not censored or edited to remove Lesson 2. Concept of Hero in Filipino Culture offensive or objectionable content. and History Expurgated What is a Hero? - To remove or censor offensive or - Normally defined as an illustrious man, objectionable content, especially from a often of a divine descent, or with text. distinguished valor or enterprise in  danger, and fortitude in suffering, who is The tattoo used as the protection of supposed to be exalted after death. kaluluwa (soul) of a bayani, his - Being an extraordinary person, and kris/kampilan (weapon), his putong individualistic is apparent. (head gear), and other garments colored red are his iconic physical features. The Filipino Concept of Hero Early Filipino heroes were neither - Much more broader, albeit stripped or savage nor blood-thirsty killing grandeur known as Bayani, Bagani, machines. Magani, or Wani in various Filipino A bayani is more often than not a true ethno-linguistic groups, a hero in early kawani or lingkod-bayan (community Filipino societies was just a normal servant) who renders his/her help to warrior of the community. those in need in the community without - His simple tasks were based on daily counting the cost. needs of the village. His/her ultimate goal is to maintain peace and order. Pangangayaw The concept of ipabayani (free labor Pangangayaw or raiding into unallied offered to/by someone) proves the territory is an example of this. semantic essence of Bayani. According to William Henry Scott pangangayaw, was done because of four Characteristic of Early Filipino Heroes reasons. The Boxer Codex (1590), an ancient ○ 1. To secure resources, ranging document about the early Philippine from the occasional used goods societies, defines a Bayani as a person or bounty of human slaves. with high status and dignity. ○ 2. To avenge a personal affront Pedro Serrano Laktaw elaborates the or family honor. personality of a Bayani; a person who ○ 3. To fulfill mourning fears no one (walang takot), courages requirements to which the life of (matapang), firm (matibay), bold the enemies must be sacrificed (mapangahas), but quiet (tahimik) and and lastly. calm (mahinahon). ○ 4. For personal prominence or a The qualities of the main character of mercenary reward. the stories Lam Ang, Labaw Donggon, It is important to point out that a Bayani Tuwaang, etc., on the other hand does not work alone, he or she always represents the actual bayani. exerts efforts together with his/her The concept of a Filipino Hero in early comrades in the community. Philippine societies is not a posthumous The root word of Bayanihan is bayan award given to dead people, but rather (community/town/nation) an honorific role and title in the society. When pangangayaw is done, a group of Nevertheless, changes occured when the bayani return home; thus. fulfilling what spaniards conquered the Philippines. Zeus Salazar said about the bayani as a Instead of living a role model, the person who leaves his/her town and then Spaniards had introduced the image of returns. obedience of saints and disciples hom  the Filipinos had to imitate in order to ○ 4. The influence of the person be good colonial. concerned on his/her age and or Vida Sancti or the lives of dead saints the succeeding age. became the foundation of good qualities ○ 5. Those who have a concept of of life. a nation and thereafter aspire Doctrina Christiana or prayer and and struggle for the nation’s doctrine books became a textbook of freedom. faith. ○ 6. Those who define and The Americans , propagated a secular contribute to a system of life of view of heroes. freedom and order for nation. Hero-worshipping American soldiers ○ 7. Those who contribute to the who died during the quality of life and destiny of Philippine-american War like Gen. nation. Henry W. Lawton, Col. John M. ○ 8. A part of people expression. Stotsenberg, and Col. Harry Egbert was ○ 9. Person who thinks of the promoted through monuments and future, specially the future annual commemoration rituals to justify generations and; the need for American tutelage in the ○ 10. The choice of national hero Philippines. involves not only the recounting Jose Rizal who was executed by of an episode or events in Spaniards became the leading National history, but the entire process Hero. that made this particular person A modern day concept of the Indigenous a hero. Bayani still exists today. The OFWs are considered as the Rizal as a Filipino Hero Bagong Bayani. Jose Rizal as a hero is state sponsored The concept of the Filipino Bayani is through the Republic Act 1425 (Rizal indeed embedded in the blueprint of law). Filipino well-being. His heroism however is not post World War II phenomenon. Criteria for Recognizing Heroes It is documented that during the meeting The national Historical Commission of of the Katipunan, a portrait of Rizal was the Philippines (NHCP) released some hanging in the room where members of the criteria for recognizing a hero. were made to believe Rizal was an The criteria are listed below: honorary member of the secret society. ○ 1. The extent of a person’s The Americans realizing the sacrifice for the welfare of the possibilities of a Rizal cult in their country colonial agenda, seized the opportunity ○ 2. The motive and methods and made Rizal the “national” hero of employed in the attainment of the Philippines. the ideal They had three criteria used in the ○ 3. The moral character of the election: person concerned. ○ A hero who is not violent and militant, and if possible,  preferred peaceful means like The aforementioned list is not yet education. approved. ○ A hero who had no qualms on The websites of the National American Imperialism Commission on the Culture And Arts ○ A hero who is already dead. states that “this might trigger a flood of And it is obvious here that Del Pilar, requests for proclamations” and might Bonifacio, and Aguinaldo are not “trigger bitter debates involving qualified as heroes. historical figures that were instead In 1901, William H. Taft , President of passed into law. the Second Philippine Commission had Today, there are four major national appointed Rizal to embody the brand of celebrations with Rizal as an important nationalism propagated by the American subject: colonial government. ○ June 12 (Independence Day) There was no actual law during the ○ June 19 (Birth Anniversary) American Regime that explicitly ○ Last week of August (National declared Rizal as the official hero of the Heroes Week) country. ○ December 30 (Rizal Day) Three steps made by American colonial government to promote his heroism, “The tyranny of some is possible only through namely; cowardice and negligence on the part of others.” ○ The creation of Rizal province - Jose Rizal ○ The erection of Rizal monument ○ The declaration of Rizal Day on L3. Rizal as a Symbol December 30 as a public holiday. Symbols and Signs In 1995, amidst the preparation of the Symbols - represent social and cultural nation for the upcoming centennial perspectives, varying by approach. celebration of the Philippine Revolution (Example: Rizal as a symbol of and Philippine Independence Day, the heroism) National Heroes Committee created by - Symbol conveys meaning not only President Fidel V. Ramos released a list about itself but about cultural processes of recommended national heroes. and relationship. These were as follows: Signs - imposed by state policy, 1. Jose Rizal conveying direct meanings. 2. Emilio Aguinaldo - Sign represents a fixed reality and 3. Andres Bonifacio posts itself as a means of portraying the 4. Marcelo H. del Pilar reality. 5. Apolinario Mabini 6. Sultan Kudarat Interrelation 7. Juan Luna - Symbols and signs can be textual (read) or 8. Melchora Aquino represented by individuals. 9. Gabriela Silang Rizal's Legacy Four Dying Wish  1. To be buried in Paang Bundok (now Individuality Key Aspects North Cemetery) with a stone and a Interest - Personal engagement with cross. Rizal's ideas. 2. His name, date of birth, and death must Inclination - Individual preferences and also be indicated. motivations. 3. He requested for a fence that would Personality - Unique traits influencing mark his grave. one's connection to Rizal. 4. No death anniversary celebration must be conducted. Rizal as a Brand What did the NATION do? This is not the first instance the icon of Rizal Event 1: He was buried first in Paco Cemetery was subjected to manipulation of other people. and later transferred beneath his monument in Often times during the meetings of Katipunan, Luneta on December 30, 1912. his portrait was hung on the walls of the meeting Event 2: The nation granted him a grand stone room so that members would see his face monument. clearly. This was because Andres Bonifacio Event 3: There are fences not on his grave but in made Rizal the honorary president of the secret a big park. society. Debates may trigger controversies with Event 4: The whole nation commemorate his regard to the true intention of the Supremo ; but death every year with full military honors. one thing is for sure, Rizal was considered a symbol by many Filipinos. Symbols 1. Piso - Represents accessibility and The Two RIZAL contribution to national identity. The Historic Rizal who lived and died in the 2. Luneta Park - Site of Rizal's execution. 19th century. He is the Rizal born and raised in 3. Rizal Province - Named in his honor. Calamba Laguna, who studied at Ateneo 4. Rizal University - Educational Municipal in Manila. institution carrying his legacy. The symbolic Rizal is the Rizal in Luneta, the Rizal in peso coin, stamps, in tshirts and the list Historical Context go on. 19th Century Philippines (1801-1900) - A period marked by significant events. Text anything that can be read, interpreted and British Occupation of Manila analyzed. It has no intrinsic value or meaning (1762-1765) - A notable historical event apart from the readers. impacting the region. - Metro Manila - Emerged as the center of How do we put meanings on these symbols? the Philippines. Background Knowledge Personal Judgement Commemoration Cultural Background (Traditions & Customs) Acknowledge and Recognize Political & Social Contract Importance of commemorating Rizal's contributions and legacy. Symbols are powerful because they are the visible signs of invisible realities. - Saint Augustine  from the Galleon Trade, they hardly had any time to further exploit our natural resources. Lesson 4. 19TH Century Philippines → In the case of Rizal, he was able to read ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL SITUATION various European literatures such as Alexander OF THE PHILIPPINES Dumas “The Count of Monte Cristo and The Musketeers, Andres Bonifacio, the leader of the 19th century = Long century in Philippine Kataas-taasan, Kagalang–galang Katipunan ng history. mga Anak ng Bayan, was also able to read In terms of political and economic changes, the literatures on the French Revolution that later on brief occupation of Manila by British forces in influenced some of the works of both 1762-1764 and the rapid development of individuals. economies in Europe made Spanish → The end of Spain wars with the Dutch and the administrators in the colony rethink their British, as well as the nullification of the slave policies so as not to get left behind by their raiding activities of the Moro, also led to the neighbors and to prevent another incident such development of agricultural lands as the British occupation from happening again and the discovery of new frontiers in the in the near future. Philippines. → This eventually created a change in the social —-> The abolition of the Galleon trade and the and economic class in the country with the opening of the Philippines to world trade in principalias and mestizos benefitting from these 1800. changes, thus the consequent emergence of local elites. In Laguna, Jose Rizal’s family was The Galleon Trade considered to be one of the local elites in the When the Spaniards came to the Philippines, our province since they were leasing large blocks of ancestors were already trading with China, lands from friar estates in Calamba. Japan, Siam, India, Cambodia, Borneo and the Moluccas. The Spanish government continued This gap led to different revolts such as the trade relations with these countries, and Manila Basi Revolts in Ilocos Sur and Ilocos Norte became the center of commerce in the East. The during the early 19th century. These revolts Spaniards closed the ports of Manila to all showed the growing gap between the rich and countries except Mexico. Thus, the the poor because they were directed not only Manila–Acapulco Trade, better known as the against the Spanish authorities but also the "Galleon Trade" was born. The Galleon Trade babaknangs or elites in the two provinces. was a government monopoly. Only two galleons were used: One sailed from Acapulco to Manila The implementation of the Cadiz Constitution with some 500,000 pesos worth of goods, in 1812 also provided a brief legal justification spending 120 days at sea; the other sailed from for the quest for equality since it was stated in Manila to Acapulco with some 250,000 pesos the document that all citizens of Spain, including worth of goods spending 90 days at sea. those in the colonies, were equal under the law. It also allowed modern, liberal ideas to enter the country, eventually inspiring the movement for In Southern Tagalog areas, brigandage and independence from Spain. And because the tulisanes increased their robbing, kidnapping Spaniards were so engrossed in making profits and pillaging activities, prompting the colonial through during the latter part of the century, he government to create was able to study in Europe. the Guardia Civil in 1868. Some movements such as the Cofradia de San Jose in Tayabas, Rizal actively participated in the propaganda Quezon, on the other hand, had more religious movement while he was studying in Europe. overtones that challenged the dominance of the Later on, he moved back to the Philippines in Catholic Church and the discrimination between 1892 establishing La Liga Filipina. the religious orders and secular priests. Rizal’s involvement in the revolution is still a EDUCATION AND THE RISE OF THE controversial issue among historians today, with ILUSTRADOS some arguing that Rizal was not in favour of the An Increase of educated Filipino as the revolution; while others see Rizal being one of colonial government, under directives from the main influences of the KKK. Spain, also started to reform educational institutions in the Philippines. Two things are sure: Traveling to Europe during that time was also First is that Rizal thought about revolution as a made easier with the opening of the Suez Canal means of emancipating the Philippines from in 1859. With their education and exposure Spain based on his letters to fellow outside the country, these individuals, who later propagandists and friends such as Jose on were referred to as ilustrados, eventually Alejandrino, Antonio Luna, Marcelo H. Del formed the core of a new emerging movement Pilar and Ferdinand Blumentritt that asked the colonial government for much needed reforms in the Philippines. Second is the founders of Katipunan, like Andres Bonifaciol and Deodato Arellano, who The reform and propaganda movement - more were members of Rizal’s La Liga Filipina. nationalistic and racial dimension fuelled by the sufferings and discriminations experienced by Notes : Filipinos under the Spaniards. This movement also drew inspiration from the earlier efforts of the native secular priests such as Padre Jose Burgos who fought for equal rights among the clergy in the 1860’s. Rizal was born in 1861 amidst all of these political and economic reforms and turmoils. He belonged to a local elite family who was fortunate enough to capitalize on the existing conditions at the time. He was sent to school in the Philippines; and despite the hardships that his family had to go  Calamba at the Time of Rizal’s Birth As described by Palma (1949), Calamba is an enchanted town. It is situated, as if enclosed in a valley, between Laguna de Bay and Mt. Makiling. The town is panoramic with its landscape, as if nature has lavished this town with all its tenderest caresses. Calamba at the time of Rizal’s birth was an agricultural town (Romero et al, 1978). The town was virtually owned by the Dominican friars. A friar estate, Calamba became a prosperous town due to its specialization in the production of sugar. Life was filled with hardships on the part of the people who were just tenants in the Dominican hacienda. The picturesque beauty of the town provided the young Rizal the inspiration and springboard to hone his poetic and artistic sensibilities. Notes : THE BIRTH OF RIZAL Rizal was baptized by Collantes after 3 Lesson 5 days. THE BIRTH OF RIZAL Their family is considered as elite. Rizal was born on a Wednesday, June 19, Calamba - riches town 1861 (G. Zaide & S. Zaide, 1999) in the ○ Young Rizal viewed it as town lakeshore of Calamba, Laguna. His peaceful until it become a venue name was believed to be driven from the of abuses of friars. name of a saint, “Jose” and his uncle’s Lorenzo Alberto (24 yrs old) & Paula name, the youngest brother of his mother, Florentino (12 years old) - fixed Don Jose Alonso (also known as Jose Maria marriage Alberto). Based on the accounts of Rizal Lorenzo Alberto & Joaquina Brigida de himself, his mother nearly died during his Quintos - not married. delivery owing to his very big head. Three But they do have children that is days after his birth, Rizal was baptized by Teodora, Gregorio, Jose, Manuel and Father Rufino Collantes at the Calamba Narcissa. Catholic Church, with Father Pedro Casañas, as his godfather. Rizal was the Jose Alberto had secret relationship with seventh child in the family of 11 children of Saturnina and that Soledad was the fruit of their incestious affair. Don Francisco and Doña Teodora.  Teodora Alonso planned to poison SATURNINA RIZAL (1850-1913) Formoso which lead her to be Eldest child of Rizal-Alonso couple. Married imprisoned for 2 years. Manuel Timoteo Hildalgo of Tanuan, Batangas To understand it better (read the link below): PACIANO RIZAL (1851-1930) https://ivonjoyce.wordpress.com/2018/03/13/riz Only brother of Rizal. Studied at San Jose als-family-controversies/ College in Manila; became a farmer and later a general of the Philippine Revolution. NARCISA RIZAL (1852-1939) LESSON 6: THE FAMILY OF RIZAL The third child. Married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a teachers and a musician The Mercado - Rizal Family The Rizals are considered one of the biggest OLYMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887) families during their time. Domingo Lam-co, the The fourth child. Married Silvestre, Ubaldo; the family's paternal ascendant was a died because of giving birth. full-blooded Chinese who came to the Philippines from Amoy, China in the closing LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919) years of the 17th century and married a Chinese The fifth child. Married Matriano Herbosa half-breed by the name of Ines de la Rosa. Researchers revealed that the Mercado-Rizal MARIA RIZAL (1859-1945) family also had traces of Japanese, Spanish, The sixth child. Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Malay and Even Negrito blood aside from Biñan, Laguna. Chinese. Jose Rizal came from a 13-member family JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896) consisting of his parents, Francisco Mercado II The second son and the seventh child. He was and Teodora Alonso Realonda, and nine sisters executed by the order of Spanish government on and one brother. December 30, 1896 FRANCISCO MERCADO (1818-1898) CONCEPCION RIZAL (1862-1865) Father of Jose Rizal who was the youngest of 13 The eight child. Died at the age of three. offsprings of Juan and Cirila Mercado. Born in Biñan, Laguna on April 18, 1818; studied in San JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-1945) Jose College, Manila; died in Manila The ninth child. An epileptic, died a spinster. TEODORA ALONSO (1827-1913) TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951) Mother of Jose Rizal who was the second child The tenth child. Died a spinster. The last of the of Lorenzo Alonso and Brijida de Quintos. She family to die. studied at the Colegio de Santa Roza in Manila. She was a business-minded woman, courteous, SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-1929) religious, hard-working and well-read. She was The youngest. Married Pantaleon Quintero. born in Santa Cruz, Manila on November 14, 1827 and died in 1913 in Manila LESSON 7: RIZAL’S CHILDHOOD MEMORIES  his young age, he was always asking himself if Owing to the happy and comfortable life Rizal these incidents in Calamba were also happening had, he had good memories of his childhood in the lands across the Laguna de Bay. days in Calamba. He could not forget the times when the family stayed in the garden to From the foregoing usual activity of Rizal at the exchange stories. He always treasured the care lakeshore, it can be noted that he was a good demonstrated to him by his parents due to his observer, noting every detail of what he actually poor health. It was in this garden where he saw. These observations of Rizal had an impact experienced closeness to nature. Another on the shaping of his political and social ideas experience that he was not able to forget was the later. daily family prayer during Angelus, where all the members of his family gather and pray Notes : together. Even the times when her personal RIZAL ‘s CHILDHOOD MEMORY servant narrated to him legends and fairy tales at He regarded his mother as his great the azotea, after the Angelus, was something teacher. Rizal treasured. These imaginary tales narrated Young Rizal is considered a devoted to Rizal by his personal servant aroused in him catholic. an enduring interest in legends and folklores Later on, he become agnostic. (Zaide, 1999). At the age of four, he had a traumatic moment where conception (known as He grew up a pious Catholic owing to the concha) died. training provided him by his mother. At three years old, he learned how to pray and even read the Bible. This training he had at home was Lesson 8: MEMORIAS DE UN strengthened by his frequent visit to Father ESTUDIANTE DE MANILA (RIZAL’S Leoncio Lopez, the parish priest of Calamba, LIFE AND WORKS) who made the young Rizal realize the need to develop a sound philosophy of life. It was also → Rizal under the pen name P. Jacinto, wrote from him that Rizal learned the value of his own memoirs of his experiences as a student scholarship and intellectual honesty. from Biñan to Manila in 1872. This is a valuable At the age of four, Rizal experienced his first document because it is Rizal’s own recollection sorrow. This was when his younger sister and is a primary source regarding his childhood Concepcion, whom he fondly called Concha, days. Reading through the document provides died. It was the first time he cried as a young insight to Rizal’s sentiments towards love and boy, since it was from her that Rizal learned the family, as well as to the importance of importance of sisterly love. education. As a young boy, he spent many hours down the Rizal wrote his memoirs from 1872 to 1881, shore of Laguna de Bay, thinking of what was composed of 8 chapters spanning his childhood beyond, dreaming of what might be over on the to his days as a student in Manila. other side of the waves (Craig, 1918). He even witnessed everyday acts of violence and A full translation of the document was made excesses committed against the Calambeños by by the Jose Rizal National Centennial the Guardia Civil and the Gobernadorcillo. At Commission and is available in various sources light. From the translation of the Rizal National including books and online websites. Centennial Commission. Chapter 1 of the document highlights Rizal’s childhood in Calamba providing a personal My mother began to read to me the fable of the description of the place including their house young and old moths, translating it to me piece and their lifestyle. Another notable event in the by piece in Tagalog. At the first verses, my first chapter is the death of Concha, (Rizal’s attention redoubled in such a way that I looked sister) for whom Rizal shed his first tears. towards the light and fixed my attention on the moths that fluttered around it. The story could Chapter 2 documents Rizal’s first time away not have been more opportune. My mother it from home when he was sent to study in Binan, was placed in an inferior position on the right Laguna, as well as his daily routines as a side. Upon the third, the inclined flag was placed student. This chapter is full of Rizal’s longing on the left. Upon the fourth, the flag was for his family and his hometown. reversed and returned to the right. Upon the fifth, the reversed flag was placed on the left. Chapter 3 is Rizal’s memories of the events Upon the sixth, the banner was changed with a that transpired between the years 1871 and 1872 figure of a dankey." particularly his mother’s case. This event really devastated Rizal since his mother was taken Uniform away and imprisoned, leaving them without guidance. hemp-fabric trousers In Chapter 4 and 5, Rizal recounts his time as a ✔ stripped cotton coat student in Manila especially at the Ateneo de Municipal. Here, he states the different rules The coat material was called rayadillo, which implemented by Ateneo to ensure the later became popular for it was adopted as the competitiveness of its students, as well as the uniform for Filipino troops during the days of different books that he read, which influenced the First Philippine Republic and commented a his own writing. great deal on the warnings of the old moth and directed them to me as if to tell me that these An example is Alexandre Dumas’ The Count applied to me. I listened to her and what a rare of Monte Cristo that became influential to his phenomenon the light seemed to me more writing of El Filibusterismo. beautiful each time, the flame brighter and I even envied instinctively the fate of those insects Chapter 6 is dedicated to Segunda Katigbak, that played so cheerfully in its magical Rizal’s first love. Rizal, however, remembers exhalation. Those that have succumbed were this period of his life with bitterness. They were drowned in the oil; they didn’t frighten me. both young and Segunda was already engaged to someone else when they met. My mother continued her reading, I listened anxiously, and the fate of two insects interested There were no significant events in Chapter 7. me intensely. The light agitated its golden In the final chapter, Rizal recalls the fable of tongue one side, a signed moth in one of its the lamp. This story is very important since it movements fell into the oil, flapped its wings for captures Rizal’s symbolic representation of the some time and died. That assumed for me that the flame and the moths were moving far away, Chapter 2: First study away from home very far and that my mother’s voice acquired a Chapter 3: Mother’s Case strange, sepulchral timbre. My mother finished Chapter 4 & 5: Rizal as a Student in Ateneo the fable. I was not listening; all my attention, all Chapter 6: Rizal’s First Lovel my mind, and all my thoughts were concentrated Chapter 7: No Significant Event on the fate of the moth, young, dead and full of Chapter 8: Fable of the Lamp illusions. L9. Rizal’s Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo “You see?” my mother said to me taking me to municipal de manila bed. “Don’t imitate the young moth and don’t be disobedient; you’ll get burned like it.” I don’t Escuela Pia (Charity School) - A school for poor know if I replied, promised something, or cried. boys in Manila. Established by the city The only thing I remember is that it took me a government in 1817 long time before I could sleep. That story had revealed to me things unknown to me until then. Ateneo Municipal - A college under the To me, moths ceased to be insignificant insects; supervision of the Spanish Jesuits moths talked and knew how to warn and advise - Bitter rival of the Dominican owned as well as my mother did. The light seemed to be College of San Juan de Letran more beautiful, dazzling, attractive. I understand why moths fluttered around lights. Advice and Ateneo de Manila - acquired prestige as an warnings resounded feebly in my ears. What excellent college for boys preoccupied me most was the death of the imprudent, but at the bottom of my heart, I Rizal Enters the Ateneo didn’t blame it. Father Magin Ferrando, who was the school My mother’s solicitude didn’t have all the registrar, refused to admit him for two reasons: success that she hoped it would. No; many years have elapsed; the child has become a man; has 1. He was late for registration plowed the most famous foreign rivers, and 2. He was sickly and undersized for his age meditated besides their copious streams. The steamship has taken him across the seas and all However, upon the intercession of Manuel Xerez the oceans; he has climbed the region of Burgos, nephew of Father Burgos, he was perpetual snow on mountains very much higher reluctantly admitted at the Ateneo which was than the Makiling of his province. From located at Intramuros, outside the walls of experience he has received bitter lessons, oh, Manila. infinitely more that the sweet lesson that his mother gave him, and nevertheless the man Jose was the first of his family to adopt the preserves the heart of a child and he believes surname Rizal that light is the most beautiful thing there is in Their family name Mercado had come under the creation and that is worthy for a man to sacrifice suspicion of Spanish authorities his life for it. First boarded at Caraballo Street Notes : 25 minute walk from the college Chapter 1: Family Background  Owned by a spinster named Titay who owned RIzal family P300 Uniform Jesuit System of Education ✔ hemp-fabrousers The system of education given by the Jesuits in ✔ stripped cotton coat the Ateneo was more advanced than that of other colleges in that period The coat material was called rayadillo, which later became popular for it was adopted as the It trained the student by rigid discipline and uniform for Filipino troops during the days of religious instruction the First Philippine Republic” Physical culture Humanities Rizal's First Year in Ateneo (1872-1873) Scientific studies Agriculture Fr. Jose Bech Commerce - first professor in Ateneo Mechanics - "Tall, thin man, with a body slightly bent Surveying forward, a harried walk, an ascetic face, severe ad inspired, small seep-sunken eyes, a sharp Students were divided into two groups: nose that was almost Greek, and thin lips The Roman Empire forming an arc whose end fell toward the chin." - Consisting of the internos (boarders) - Belonged to the Carthaginians in which Carthaginian Empire he was an externo - Composed of the externos (non-boarders) - Became the "emperor" at the end of the Ranks month Best student - emperor Second Best - tribune - Took private lessons in Santa Isabel Third Best - decurion College during the noon recesses to Fourth Best - centurion improve his Spanish, which was actually Fifth Best - standard-bearer P3 per session Red for the Romans and Blue for the - Placed second at the end of the year Carthaginians Summer Vacation (1873-1874) “Upon the first defeat, the banner of the losing - Went to Calamb party was transferred to the left side of the room. - Did not enjoy his vacation because his Upon the second, it was placed in an inferior mother was in prison position on the right side. Upon the third, the - Brought to Tanawan by his sister inclined flag was placed on the left. Upon the Neneng (Saturnina) to cheer him up, but fourth, the flag was reversed and returned to the did not cure his melancholy right. Upon the fifth, the reversed flag was - Went to Santa Cruz without telling his placed on the left. Upon the sixth, the banner father in order to visit his mother was changed with a figure of a dankey." Second Year in Ateneo (1873-1874) scientist-traveler who visited the Philippines in 1865-1890. - Once more, he became "emperor” - Three of his new classmates were boys 1) Jagor's keen observations of the defects of from Biñan, who had been his Spanish colonization classmates in the school of Maestro Justiniano 2) His prophecy that someday Spain would lose - Received excellent grades in all subjects the Philippines and that America would come to and a gold medal at the end of the succeed her as a colonizer school year Third Year in Ateneo (1874-1875) Prophecy of Mother's Release Rizal did not make an excellent showing - In the course of Rizal and his mother's in his studies as in the previous year conversation, Doña Teodora told her son His grades remained in all subjects, but of her dream the previous night. Rizal, he won only one medal-in Latin interpreting the dream, told her that she He failed to win the medal in Spanish would be released from prison in three because his spoken Spanish was not month's time. fluently sonorous and was beaten by a Spaniard who could naturally speak - Rizal's prophecy became true. Barely fluently and with right accentuation three months passed, and Doña Teodora was set free. Fourth Year in Ateneo (1875-1976) - Teenage Interest in Reading Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez - First favorite novel - one of his professors The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas - a great educator and scholar - inspired the young Rizal to study harder - made a deep impression on him. His and to write poetry boyish imagination was stirred by the - became and admirer and friend of the sufferings of Edmond Dantes (the hero) great Calamba lad in prison, his spectacular escape from - considered by Rizal as his best professor the dungeon of Chateau d'lf, his finding in Ateneo a buried treasure on the rocky island of - "model of uprightness, earnestness, and Monte Cristo, and his dramatic revenge love for the advancement of his pupils" on his enemies who had wronged him. Became an interno on June 16, 1875 Read not only fiction, but also Topped all his classmates in all subjects non-fiction and won five medals at the end of the Persuaded his father to buy him a costly school term set of Universal History by Cesar Cantu Read Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Last Year in Ateneo (1876-1877) Feodor Jagor, a German The most brilliant Atenean of his time  "The pride of the Jesuits" Obtained the highest grades in all Received from his Alma Mater, the subjects-philosophy, physics, biology, Ateneo Municipal the degree of chemistry, languages, mineralogy, etc. Bachelor of Arts, with highest honors Graduation with Highest Honors Extra-Curricular Activities in Ateneo Rizal graduated at the head of his class. His - An “emperor” inside the classroom, a scholastic records at the Ateneo from 1872-1877 campus leader outside were as follows: - An active member, later secretary, of a religious society, the Marian 1872-1873 Congregation Arithmetic-EXCELLENT - Devoted to Our Lady of the Immaculate Latin I-EXCELLENT Conception, the college petroness. Spanish I-EXCELLENT - Member of the Academy of Spanish Greek I-EXCELLENT Literature and the Academy of Natural Sciences 1873-1874 - Continued to solicit Father Sanchez help Latin 2-EXCELLENT in improving his poetry Spanish 2-EXCELLENT - Devoted his spare time to fine arts Greek 2-EXCELLENT - Studied painting under the famous Universal Geography - EXCELLENT Spanish painter, Agustin Saez - Studied sculpture under Romualdo de Jesus 1874-1875 - Engaged in gymnastics and fencing Latin 3-EXCELLENT under his sports-minded Tio Manuel Spanish 3-EXCELLENT Greek 3-EXCELLENT Sculptural Works in Ateneo Universal History - EXCELLENT Carved an image of The Virgin Mary on History of Spain and the Philippines - a piece of batikuling (Philippine EXCELLENT hardwood) with his pocket knife Arithmetic and Algebra - EXCELLENT Requested by Father Lleonart, who was impressed by his sculptural talent, to 1875-1876 carve him an image of the Sacred heart Rhetoric and Poetry - EXCELLENT of Jesus French I-EXCELLENT Geometry and Trigonometry - EXCELLENT - Placed at the door of the dormitory of the Ateneo boarding students 1876-1877 - Reminded all the Ateneans the greatest Philosophy 1 - EXCELLENT alumnus of their Alma Mater, Dr. Jose Mineralogy & Chemistry - EXCELLENT Rizal Philosophy 2- EXCELLENT - Played a significant part in Rizal's last Physics - EXCELLENT hours at Fort Santiago Botany & Zoology - EXCELLENT Anecdotes on Rizal, the Atenean Placed second Felix M. Roxas Summer Vacation - Revealed the hero's resignation to pain Went to Santa Cruz in order to visit his and forgiveness mother. Manuel Xerex Burgos Second Year - Illustrated Rizal's predilection to help Prophecy of Mother’s Release the helpless at the risk of his own life His mother released from prison sentences n three months time. Notes : Rizal’s Studies at Ateneo and UST (19th Teenage Interest in Reading century) First favorite novel BIR ○ The Count of Monte Cristo ○ Globalization Dr. Feodor Jagor - german scientist ○ Influences traveler ○ Liberty ideas Quality Education Third Year in Ateneo ○ Corporal punishment - Aim medal in Spanish discipline Fourth Year in Ateneo Rizal’s Studies (1872-1877) Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez Father Magin Ferrando - school registar ○ a great educator and scholar in Ateneo and one who admitted Rizal ○ inspired young Rizal with Manuel Xerez Burgos. ○ best professor in Ateneo Rizal - peace protection ○ become an interio Jesuit System of Education Last Year in Ateneo They are the dominicans. Most brilliant Atenean of his time More political service. The pride of the Jesuits Rizal’s simultaneously taking services in The brand of academic excellence Ateneo. Extracurricular activities Students are divided into two groups; ○ Roman Empire Lesson 10: Rizal's Medical Studies at ○ Carthagian Empire Univesity of Sto. Tomas ATENEO Rizal’s First Year in Ateneo → Rizal had completed his vocational course in The time where her mother is in jail. Surveying which he graduated with Highest Fr. Jose Bech - his first professor and Honors. tutor. → run by Jesuits; Improve his Spanish at Santa Isabel College UST (1877-1882) Grade matters during that time → he transferred to the Medical course where he Became emperor won more Literary Laurels; had other romances with pretty girls; and fought against Spanish To be able to cure his mother's growing Students who insulted the brown Filipino blindness. students. → run by Dominicans. FINISHES SURVEYING COURSE IN ΑΤΕΝΕΟ (1878) MOTHER'S OPPOSITION TO HIGHER EDUCATION While Rizal was studying at UST, he also studied in Ateneo. He took the vocational course DOŇA TEODORA leading to the title of "Perito Agrimensor" → opposed the idea of sending Rizal to (Expert Surveyor). University to pursue Higher Education because she was aware what happened to Gom-Bur-Za He excelled in all subjects in the surveying and feared what might happen to Rizal. course obtaining gold medals in Agriculture and → Rizal was surprised by his mother's Topography. opposition, who was a woman of education and culture. Vocational Courses: → Despite her mother's opposition, Don Francisco told Paciano to accompany Rizal to 1. Agriculture Manila. 2. Commerce 3. Mechanics RIZAL'S ENTERS THE UNIVERSITY 4. Surveying April 1877 At the age of 17, he passed the final exam in the → Rizal enrolled at UST, taking the course on surveying course but could not be granted the Philosophy and Letters. title as Surveyor because he was under age. Reasons: November 25, 1881 → the title as Surveyor to 1. His father liked it. Rizal 2. He was still uncertain as to what career to pursue. Extra-Curricular Activities: 1. President, Academy of Spanish Literature. Fr. Pablo Ramon 2. Secretary, Academy of Natural Sciences. → rector of the Ateneo. 3. Secretary, Marian Congregation 1877-1878 ROMANCES WITH OTHER GIRLS → Rizal studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy. and History of Philosophy during his 1. Segunda Katigbak first year term. → Miss L. → fair with seductive and attractive eyes. 1877-1879 → Rizal took up a medical course upon the Reasons: advice of Ateneo's Rector to study medicine. 1. The sweet memory of Segunda was still fresh in his heart. Reason: 2. His father did not like the family of Miss L.  Philippines at that time but nothing came out 2. Leonor "Orang" Valenzuela because he was an Indio and the accused was a → a medical student from Calamba, Laguna Spaniard. → the charming daughter of Capitan Juan and Capitana Sanday Valenzuela. Later in a letter to Blumentritt dated March 21, → tall girl with a regal bearing. 1887, he related, "I went to the Captain-General → Rizal sent Leonor a love notes written in but I could not obtain justice; my wound lasted invisible ink two weeks.” Leonor Flivera "TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH" → Rizal's cousin from Camiling. → born in Camiling, tarlac on April 11, 1867. Liceo Artisco-Literano (Artistic-Literary → a student of La Concordia College where Lyceum) Rizal's sister, Soledad was then studying. → a society of literary men and artists. → frail, pretty girl, and tender as a budding → held a Literary Contest and offered a prize flower with kindly wistful eyes. (Silver Pen, feather-shaped decorated with gold ribbon) for best poem. Taimis→ Leonor's pseudonym in order to camouflage their intimate relationship from their "A La Juventud Filipina" (To The Filipino parents and friends. Youth) → Rizal's prize-winning and inspiring poem of Rizal lived in: flawless for. Casa Tomasina No. 6 Calle Santo Tomas, Intramuros Rizal beseeched the Filipino youth to rise from the lethargy; to let their genius mind fly swiftly Antonio Rivero - Rizal's landlord-uncle. the wind and descend with art and science to -- father of Leonor Rivera. break the chains that have long bound the spirit of the people. VICTIM OF SPANISH OFFICER'S BRUTALITY Reasons why Rizal's Poem was a Classic in Philippine Literature: One dark summer vacation night of 1878 in 1. It was the first great poem in Spanish written Calamba when Rizal was a freshman Medical by a Filipino, whose merit was recognized by student at the University of Santo Tomas. He Spanish Literary Authorities. was walking in the street and dimly perceived the figure of a man while passing him not 2. It expressed for the first time the nationalistic knowing that the person was a Lieutenant of the concept that the Filipinos were the "fair hope of Guardia Civil, he did not salute not say a the Fatherland.” greetings. With a snarl, he turned upon Rizal, whipped out his sword and brutally slashed his "THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS" (1880) back. Artistic-Literary Lyceum Rizal reported the incident to General Primo de Rivera, the Spanish Governor General of the → opened another literary contest (to both Filipinos and Spaniards) to commemorate the RIZAL'S VISIT TO PAKIL AND 4th centennial of the death of Cervantes. PAGSANJAN Cervantes Summer of May 1881 → was Spain's glorified man-of-letters and → Rizal went to a pilgrimage to the town of famous author of Don Quixote. pakil, famous shrine of the Birhen Maria de los Dolores. Rizal submitted an allegorical drama entitled "El → he was accompanied by his sisters-Saturnina, Consejo de los Dioses" (The Council of the Maria, and Trinidad and their female friends. Gods). → They took a casco (flat-bottom sailing vessel) from Calamba to Pakil, Laguna, and stayed at The Council of the Gods the home of Mr. and Mrs. Manuel Regalado, → was based on the Greek classics. whose son Nicolas was Rizal's friend in Manila. → aided by Fr. Rector of Ateneo. → Rizal and his companions were fascinated by Prize: Gold Ring engraved the bust of Cervantes he famous Turumba (people dancing in the Winners: streets during the procession in honor of the 1st Place: Jose Rizal (19yrs old) miraculous Birhen Maria de los Dolores) 2nd Place: D. N. Del Puzo (Spanish) --Because of its literary superiority. → Rizal was infatuated by a pretty girl colegiala, Vicenta Ybardolaza, who skillfully OTHER LITERARY WORKS played the harp at the Regalado home. "Junto Al Pasig" (Besides the Pasig) → Reasons why Rizal and his company made → (Zarzuela)staged by the Ateneans on side trip to the neighboring town of Pagsanjan: December 8, 1880 of the Annual Celebration of the Feast Day of Immaculate Concepcion 1. It was the native town of Leonor (Patroness of Ateneo). Valenzuela 2. To see the world famed Pagsanjan Falls. A Filipinas → (a sonnet, 1880) Rizal urged all Filipino CHAMPION OF FILIPINO STUDENTS artists to glorify the Philippines. - Rizal was the champion of the Filipino Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma students in their fights against the → (poem, 1879) was declaimed by an Atenean, arrogant Spanish students. Manuel Fernandez on the night of December 8, - In 1880, Rizal founded a secret society 1879 in honor of the Ateneo's Patroness. of Filipino students in the University of Santo Tomas called "Compañerismo" AI M. R. P. Pablo Ramon (Comradeship), whose members were → (a poem, 1881) Rizal wrote a poem as an called "Companions of Jehu," after the expression of affection to Father Pablo Ramon, valiant Hebrew general who fought the the Ateneo Rector, who had been so kind and Armaeans. helpful to him.  - Galicano Apacible (Rizal's cousin from Batangas) was the Secretary. Physiology - Fierce encounter near the Escolta in Manila where Rizal was wounded on the Good head, and tenderly washed and dressed by Leonor Rivera in his boarding house Private Hygiene "Casa Tomasina". - Good UNHAPY DAYS AT THE UST Public Hygiene 1. The Dominican were hostile to him. 2. The Filipino students were racially Good discriminated by the Spaniards. 3. The method of instruction was obsolete and 1880-1881 (Medicine) -3rd Year repressive. General Pathology Result: --Rizal, the most brilliant graduate of Ateneo Fair failed to win a high scholastic grade. Therapeutics Rizal's Scholastic Records in the UST (1879-1882) Excellent 1877-1878 (Philosophy & Letters) Surgery Cosmology & Metaphysics Excellent Theodicy Excellent Good History of Philosophy Excellent 1881-1882 (Medicine) -4th Year 1878-1879 (Medicine) -1st Year Physics Fair Medical Pathology Chemistry Excellent Natural History Good Very Good Anatomy I Good Dissection I Good Surgical Pathology 1879-1880 (Medicine) -2nd Year Very Good Anatomy 2 Obstetrics Good Very Good Dissection 2 Good