REVIEWER-IN-HUM-3.docx

**REVIEWER IN HUM 3** **-Nirvana** is the concept of liberation from the cycle of Samsara (rebirth and suffering), achieved through enlightenment. **-Samatha** meditation aims for temporary mental calmness, helping to calm the mind in stressful situations. **-Nirodha**, the third of the Four Nobl...

**REVIEWER IN HUM 3** **-Nirvana** is the concept of liberation from the cycle of Samsara (rebirth and suffering), achieved through enlightenment. **-Samatha** meditation aims for temporary mental calmness, helping to calm the mind in stressful situations. **-Nirodha**, the third of the Four Noble Truths, teaches that it is possible to end suffering by overcoming desire. -The **Eightfold Path** includes key practices like Right Speech and Right Action, but Right Compassion is not part of it. **-Mahayana Buddhism** emphasizes that individuals should seek enlightenment for the benefit of others, not just themselves. **-Vipassana meditation** focuses on gaining insight into the true nature of reality, helping practitioners see things as they truly are. **-Confucius** believed that education is essential for moral development and that a virtuous society is built on knowledge of ethics, history, and literature. -He also emphasized that people follow good examples set by their leaders, suggesting that ethical leadership encourages moral behavior in others. -A society that values wealth and fame while neglecting moral responsibility would be seen as a flawed society according to Confucius. **Benevolence and sincerity, or Xin**, are central Confucian values, stressing trustworthiness and honesty in relationships and governance. **-Wu Wei** is a Taoist principle that encourages allowing events to unfold naturally without excessive intervention, promoting an effortless approach to life. **-Taoism teaches Simplicity**, which means reducing unnecessary complexities in daily life to focus on inner peace rather than material success. -The concept of **Yin and Yang** emphasizes the importance of balance between opposing forces---such as work and relaxation---to achieve harmony in life. **-Tao and Dao** refer to the same concept in Taoism, represented differently through Romanization systems, both meaning \"the way\" or \"the path.\" -The **Daodejing** is one of the most influential texts in Chinese literature, shaping Taoist philosophy about living harmoniously with nature and the universe. In Shintoism, **purification rituals** are performed to remove physical and spiritual impurities before prayer or worship at a shrine. **-Shintoism** fosters respect for nature through rituals that honor natural spirits, or kami, which inhabit the natural world. -The concept of **Kami-no-michi** refers to \"the way of the kami,\" emphasizing the sacred relationship between people and nature\'s spiritual forces. -After World War II, **State Shinto** was abolished due to its ties to nationalism and the emperor\'s divine status. -**Shintoism** was developed to help distinguish Japan's culture from foreign influences, particularly Buddhism.