Physiology 1 Past Paper Review Q. Assignment, Lecture 3, 4, 5 PDF

1 Physiology 1 First Year, Faculty of Physical Therapy Assignment (Essay questions): Lecture 3: 1. List four functions of plasma proteins. 2. Enumerate 3 functions of RBCs cell membrane 3. Mention 2 fu...

1 Physiology 1 First Year, Faculty of Physical Therapy Assignment (Essay questions): Lecture 3: 1. List four functions of plasma proteins. 2. Enumerate 3 functions of RBCs cell membrane 3. Mention 2 functions of the RBCs content. 4. If HB. is free in plasma, what will happen? 5. Enumerate five factors affecting Erythropoiesis. 6. Define anaemia and list its etiological types. 7. Enumerate morphological types of anaemia. 8. Define polycythemia and mention its causes Lecture 4: 1. Enumerate 3 functions of neutrophils. 2. Enumerate functions of eosinophils. 3. List functions of basophils. 4. List functions of B lymphocytes. 5. Mention types and functions of T lymphocytes. 6. Compare between B and T lymphocytes. 7. Discuss briefly the role of the playlets in haemostasis. 8. List abnormalities of blood platelets. Lecture 5: 1. Define haemostasis 2. Enumerate the steps of haemostasis. 3. List the steps of formation of blood clots 4. Mention TWO intravascular coagulants. 5. Mention TWO extravascular coagulants. 6. Compare between heparin and coumarin. 7. List disorders of clotting mechanisms. 8. Mention two complications of blood transfusion. 2 Physiology 1 First Year, Faculty of Physical Therapy Lecture 3: 1. What is the term “formed elements” used to mean in a description of blood? A. White blood cells, red blood cells and platelets B. Blood plasma C. Blood serum D. The clotting factors in blood 2. Which is the most abundant plasma protein? A. Alpha- and beta-globulins B. Albumin C. Mitochondria D. Haemoglobin 3. What are red blood cells primarily composed of? A. Alpha- and beta-globulins B. Albumin C. Mitochondria D. Haemoglobin 4. What is the function of the plasma proteins in blood? A. To transport oxygen. B. To regulate electrolyte balance. C. To exert osmotic pressure and so help maintain blood volume. D. To function as a non-specific body defense mechanism. 5. What would happen to red blood cells if the haem group were removed from haemoglobin? A. Red blood cells would not be able to bind oxygen. B. Red blood cells would not be able to reproduce. C. Red blood cells would not be able to produce energy. D. Blood clot formation would be inhibited. 6. The hormone erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production in the red bone marrow. Where in the body is erythropoietin produced? A. Spleen B. Kidney C. Liver D. Thyroid gland 7. Which statement concerning blood viscosity is incorrect? A. Blood viscosity is due to the presence of the plasma proteins and erythrocytes. B. The higher the blood viscosity the harder the heart has to work to move blood through the vessels. C. Anemia increases blood viscosity. D. Increase erythrocyte count increases blood viscosity 3 Physiology 1 First Year, Faculty of Physical Therapy 8. Which one of the following indicates a normal red blood cell count? A. 5 million per UL. B. 15,000 per UL. C. 4,000 per L. D. 20,000 per L. 9. The normal reference range for total plasma proteins is............................ a) 2-4.5 gm/dl b) 4.5- 5 gm/dl c) 6.0-7.3 gm/dl 4) > 9 gm/dl 10. Which of the following protein is present in the gamma-globulin fraction? a) Transthyretin b) Ceruloplasmin c) Haptoglobin d) Antibodies 11. The following condition can be altered A: G (albumin/globulin) ratio less than 2 with decreased plasma albumin concentration: a) Chronic hepatic Cirrhosis b) Lung fibrosis c) Malnutrition d) Iron deficiency 12. Serum differs from blood as it lacks…….. (a) antibodies (b) clotting factors (c) albumins (d) globulins 13. In iron-deficiency anemia, which of the following is often present due to the decreasing iron supply? A) Leukopenia B) Macrocytosis C) Microcytosis D) Hyperchromic RBCs 14. Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune disorder that causes A) hemolysis. B) folate excess. C) vitamin B12 deficiency. D) elevated serum ferritin level. 15. A normal erythrocyte (red blood cell) count is in the range of A) 4,500–10,000 cells/mcL. B) 13–17 g/dL in men and 12–16 g/dL in women. 4 Physiology 1 First Year, Faculty of Physical Therapy C) 40% to 52% in men and 36% to 48% in women. D) 4.7–6.1 million cells/mcL in men and 4.2–5.4 million cells/mcL in women. 16. A lack of which of these will result in abnormally large red blood cells and a condition called megaloblastic anemia? A. Oxygen B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin B-12 and folic acid D. Carbon dioxide 17. Which of the following is a cause of haemolytic anemia? a. Thalassemia b. Anemia of chronic disease c. Iron deficiency anemia d. Pancytopenia 18. Aplastic anemia can be acquired (more common) and inherited. What are some of the ways it can be acquired? A. Post viral infection. B. Ionizing radiation C. Drugs and chemicals D. Idiopathic E. All of the above 19. The plasma protein with the highest concentration & lowest molecular weight is: A. Albumin. B. Beta globulin. C. Alpha globulin. D. Gamma globulin. 20. Plasma proteins: A. Are formed in liver only. B. Have a level of 10 gm/L C. Represent 85% of the buffering power of blood. D. Regulate blood volume and plasma viscosity. 21. The most important function of albumin is: A. Acting as an antibody. B. Contributing to the clotting process. C. Contributing to the effective osmotic pressure of plasma. D. Responsible for viscosity of blood. 22. Erythropoiesis: A. Occurs in the liver during the first 5 years of life. B. Above 20 occurs in the bone marrow of all bones. C. Is affected by vitamin K deficiency. D. Is stimulated at high altitude. 5 Physiology 1 First Year, Faculty of Physical Therapy 23. Erythropoietin hormone is essential for: A. Leukopoiesis. B. Formation of prothrombin. C. Formation of red blood cells. D. Formation of platelets. Lecture 4: 24. The most important functional process that neutrophils and monocytes carry out is: A- Coagulation. B- Antibody formation. C- Phagocytosis. D- Heparin secretion. 25. Phagocytosis is the main function of: A. B lymphocytes. B. T helper cells. C. Monocytes. D. Basophils. 26. Which of the following cell secrets antibodies? A. Neutrophils. B. Eosinophils. C. Basophils. D. B lymphocytes 27. Which of the following cells are responsible for phagocytosis? A. Platelets B. Lymphocytes C. Monocytes D. Basophils 28. ……………. are increased with parasitic infestations. A. Monocytes B. Neutrophils C. Eosinophils D. Lymphocytes 29. Histamine is released by: A. Neutrophils and monocytes. B. Lymphocytes C. Eosinophils D. Basophils and mast cells 30. Which of the following as regards B-lymphocytes is INCORRECT? A. They mature in the thymus gland. B. Antigen recognition occurs directly. C. They are converted into active plasma cells. D. They are responsible for humoural immunity. 6 Physiology 1 First Year, Faculty of Physical Therapy 31. Margination, diapedesis, and chemotaxis are properties of …………….. A. Basophils B. Neutrophils C. Platelets D. T-lymphocytes 32. Which statement concerning specific immunity is CORRECT? A. It is innate immunity. B. It is achieved by lymphocytes. C. It is a rapid response. D. It lacks the memory cells. Lecture 5: 33. Which one of the following indicates a normal platelet count? A. 5 millions per UL. B. 450,000 per UL. C. 4,000 per L. D. 20,000 per L. 34. The normal reference range for white blood cells is............................ a) 2000- 3000 /UL b) 200,000- 300, 000 /UL c) 4000- 11000 /UL 4) > 20000/UL 35. Lymphocytosis could be observed with: a) Acute bacterial infections. b) Aplastic anaemia c) Viral infections d) Fungal infections 36. Which of the following proteins are responsible for blood coagulation? A. Albumin B. Gamma globulin C. Fibrinogen D. Angiotensin 37. ……………. is decreased with haemophilia. A. Platelets B. Factor II C. Factor V D. Factor VIII 38. Serotonin is stored by: A. Neutrophils and monocytes. B. Lymphocytes 7 Physiology 1 First Year, Faculty of Physical Therapy C. Platelets D. Basophils and mast cells 39. Which of the following about haemostasis is INCORRECT? A. It is achieved in 3 steps. B. The first step is local vasoconstriction. C. The clot formation can start extrinsically and intrinsically. D. Ca++ is essential for platelet plug formation. 40. Vasoconstriction, platelet plug, and fibrin clot are steps of …………….. A. Agglutination. B. Haemolysis C. Haemostasis D. Homeostasis 41. Which statement concerning blood group A + is CORRECT? A. It is a universal donor. B. It has antigen A on the RBCs. C. It is a universal recepient. D. It lacks antibodies. 42. Which one of the following occurs with low platelet count? A. Hemophilia. B. Thrombocytopenic purpura. C. Thrombasthenia. D. Haemolysis. 43. Heparin is: a) of plant origin b) Acts only in vitro c) A natural anticoagulant 4) Released by neutrophils 44. Which of the following is NOT a protective factor against intravascular thrombosis? a) Thrombomodulin. b) Plasmin. c) Smooth endothelium. d) Factor XIII 45. The correct sequence of activation of extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation is: A. Tissue thromboplastin activates factor VIII. B. Calcium ions activates factor VII. C. Tissue thromboplastin activates factor VII. D. Tissue thromboplastin activates factor IX. 46. Vasoconstriction of the injured blood vessels occurs due to: A- Local vasoconstrictive factors released mainly from the platelets. B- Decrease in the blood volume. 8 Physiology 1 First Year, Faculty of Physical Therapy C- Increase in the platelets count. D- Accumulation of coagulation factors in the injured area. True or false Questions: 1- Hemostasis is the process of prevention of blood loss. True 2- Coagulation is the first process that occurs after a blood vessel is damaged. False 3- The white blood cell that is responsible for secretion of histamine is called basophils. True 4- A person’s blood group is determined by the antigens on the surface of their red blood cells. True 5- In adults, erythropoiesis occurs in the reticuloendothelial cells of the lymph nodes. False 6- A person whose blood group is “B+” has antigen B on their red blood cells. True 7- A person whose blood group is “O+” does not have antigens on their red blood cells. True 8- Vitamin B12 is a vitamin needed by the liver to synthesize clotting factors. False 9- Heparin is an anticoagulant substance that is released by basophils. True. 10- Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder which occurs due to the deficiency of factor II (prothrombin). False