Respiratory Medications PDF

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **CLASSIFIC | **THERAPEUT | **MECHANISM | **ADVERSE | **DRUG | | ATION**...

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **CLASSIFIC | **THERAPEUT | **MECHANISM | **ADVERSE | **DRUG | | ATION** | IC | OF ACTION** | EFFECTS** | EXEMPLARS** | | | USES** | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Beta2-adr | Control of | Binds to | - - | **albuterol | | energic | asthma | beta 2 | | \ | | agonists**\ | symptoms\ | receptors | Fear, | inhaled | | **Short-act | SABA -- | in | anxiety, | SABA\ | | ing | rescue\ | bronchial | restlessnes | ** | | \[SABA\]**\ | LABA | smooth | s, | | | **Long-acti | --maintenan | muscle to:\ | HA, sore | **salmetero | | ng | ce\ | a. promote | throat, | l | | \[LABA\]** | \ | bronchodila | dizziness, | (Serevent)\ | | | COPD - | tion | nausea, | inhaled | | **(Sympatho | LABAs | | palpitation | LABA** | | mimetics)** | | b. relieve | , | | | | | bronchospas | tachycardia | terbutaline | | | | m | , | | | | | | paradoxical | oral | | | | c. inhibit | bronchospas | | | | | histamine | m, | | | | | | hypersensit | | | | | d. increase | ivity | | | | | ciliary | reactions. | | | | | motility | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Inhaled | Treatment | Blocks | Nervousness | **Ipratropi | | anticholine | of | parasympath | , | um** | | rgics** | bronchospas | etic | dizziness, | (Atrovent) | | | m | system, | HA, nausea, | | | | in asthma | allowing | cough, | | | | or COPD | sympathetic | palpitation | | | | | system | s, | | | | | enhancement | ocular | | | | | to promote | changes, | | | | | bronchodila | hypersensit | | | | | tion | ivity, | | | | | | urinary | | | | | | retention, | | | | | | paradoxical | | | | | | bronchospas | | | | | | m. | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Xanthines | Long term | Increases | Theophyllin | **theophyll | | ** | control of | cAMP | e: | ine**\ | | | chronic | (Cyclic | related to | (Theolair) | | | asthma or | adenosine | levels in | | | | COPD | monophospha | the blood, | | | | | te), | risk | | | | | the most | increases | | | | | common and | with levels | | | | | universal | higher than | | | | | secondary | 20 mcg/mL | | | | | messenger | | | | | | that | Irritabilit | | | | | regulates | y, | | | | | physiologic | restlessnes | | | | | al | s, | | | | | processes, | dizziness, | | | | | resulting | palpitation | | | | | in | s, | | | | | bronchodila | life | | | | | tion. | threatening | | | | | | arrhythmias | | | | | (chemically | , | | | | | related to | loss of | | | | | caffeine) | appetite, | | | | | | proteinuria | | | | | | , | | | | | | respiratory | | | | | | arrest, | | | | | | fever, | | | | | | flushing. | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Glucocort | Long term | Dampens | -Pharyngiti | **beclometh | | icoids** | control of | activation | s | asone | | | severe | of | (sore | (Qvar)** | | | asthma or | inflammator | throat), | | | | COPD | y | oral | **inhaled\ | | | | cells & | candidiasis | ** | | | Short term | increases | , | | | | therapy for | production | bone | **prednison | | | status | of | mineralizat | e** | | | asthmaticus | anti-inflam | ion | | | | | matory | with long | **oral\ | | | | mediators | use, | ** | | | | to:\ | immunosuppr | | | | | a. reduce | ession | **methylpre | | | | airway | | dnisolone** | | | | edema | | | | | | | | **IV** | | | | b. suppress | | | | | | mucus | | | | | | production | | | | | | | | | | | | c. promote | | | | | | responsiven | | | | | | ess | | | | | | of beta2 | | | | | | receptors | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Leukotrie | Asthma or | Suppresses | - - | **monteluka | | ne | COPD & | effect of | | st\ | | modifiers** | prevention | leukotriene | | (Singulair) | | | of | s | | ** | | | exercise-in | to reduce: | | | | | duced | | | | | | bronchospas | a\. airway | | | | | m | edema & | | | | | | inflammatio | | | | | | n | | | | | | | | | | | | b. | | | | | | bronchocons | | | | | | triction | | | | | | | | | | | | c\. mucus | | | | | | production | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Monoclonal | Control of | Binds to | infusion | Xolair\ | | Antibodies | persistent | IgE and | related | (omalizumab | | | asthma or | blocks its | reactions - | ) | | | COPD | reaction to | fever, rash | | | | symptoms | antigens. | | | | | | This blocks | Contraindic | | | | | release of | ated: | | | | | inflammator | infections, | | | | | y | malignancy | | | | | mediators. | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Opioids** | Cough | Acts on CNS | sedation, | **codeine** | | | suppression | to raise | **respirato | | | | | cough | ry | | | | | threshold | depression* | | | | | thereby | *, | | | | | suppress | hypotension | | | | | cough | , | | | | | reflex. | GI upset, | | | | | | constipatio | | | | | | n | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Non-opioids | Cough | Acts on CNS | dizziness, | dextrometho | | | suppression | (like an | sedation at | rphan | | | | opioid) to | high doses | (Delsym) | | | | suppress | | | | | | cough | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Expectora | Promotes | Thins and | GI upset, | **guaifenes | | nts** | mucus | increases | dizziness | in | | | expectorati | mucus flow | | (Mucinex)** | | | on | allowing | | | | | | secretions | | | | | | to be more | | | | | | easily | | | | | | expectorate | | | | | | d. | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Mucolytic | Promotes | Breaks down | Bronchospas | **acetylcys | | s** | mucus | the | m, | teine | | | expectorati | chemical | nausea, | (Mucomyst)) | | | on. | structure | vomiting, | ** | | | | of mucus | rash | | | | Also used | thereby | | | | | in Cystic | loosening | | | | | Fibrosis | secretions | | | | | | and making | | | | | | them easier | | | | | | to | | | | | | expectorate | | | | | |. | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Alpha-adren | Allergic or | Sympathomim | -flushing | phenylephri | | ergic | non-allergi | etic. | (warmth, | ne | | Agonists | c | Stimulates | redness, or | (Afrin) | | | rhinitis, | alpha1 | tingly | | | | sinusitis | adrenergic | feeling) | | | | | receptors | | | | | | causing | -loss of | | | | | vasoconstri | appetite | | | | | ction | | | | | | and | -feeling | | | | | reduction | restless or | | | | | of nasal | excited | | | | | passage | | | | | | edema. | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **H1 | Relief of | Blocks H1 | | **diphenhyd | | Receptor\ | allergic | receptors | | ramine** | | Antagonists | itching, | to block | | | | ** | sneezing, | action of | | **(Benadryl | | | rhinorrhea | histamine- | | )** | | | | to secrete | | | | | | mucus | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Nasal | Preferred | Decreases | | mometasone\ | | glucocortic | treatment | secretion | | (Nasonex) | | oids | of nasal | of | | | | | congestion | inflammator | | | | | of | y | | | | | perennial | mediators | | | | | allergies | thereby | | | | | | reducing | | | | | | mucosal | | | | | | edema. | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+