The Respiratory System PDF

The Respiratory System By Dr. Shereen Hamed Lecturer of Histology & Cell Biology Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University  RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Respiratory Conducting par...

The Respiratory System By Dr. Shereen Hamed Lecturer of Histology & Cell Biology Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University  RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Respiratory Conducting part part 1 - Respiratory 1- Nasal cavities and bronchioles. nasal sinuses. 2- Alveolar ducts. 2- Nasopharynx. 3- Alveolar sacs. 3- Larynx. 4- Alveoli 4- Trachea. 5- Bronchi. 6- Bronchioles. 7- Terminal bronchioles  Trachea Mucosa Submucosa Fibro-Cartilaginous coat Adventitia. Epith. corium Tracheal glands  Trachea Mucosa Submucosa Fibrocartilagenous coat Adventitia  Mucosa Epithelium Corium 7 cells -rich in elastic fibers, blood vessels Pseudo-str. Col. ciliated with - Elastic fibers goblet cells. condense >>>elastic membrane ( ) corium & submucosa  Epithelium Ciliated cells goblet cells Basal cells Brush cells Serous cells Migratory cells Kulchitsky cells Neuro-endocrine cells  Columnar ciliated, cilia beat towards larynx. Ciliated cells Columnar with few microvilli. Depleted goblet cells or intermediate between Brush cells: basal and goblet cells. Goblet cells Have expanded apical part distended with mucin granules. Apical electron dense granules. Serous cells Produce serous secretion.  stem cells Basal cells Lymphocytes Mast cell like Migratory cells Have neuroendocrine function. Kulchitsky cells Secretes serotonin & calcitonin.  Trachea Mucosa Submucosa Fibro-Cartilaginous coat Adventitia. Tracheal glands Mixed (mucus & serous) Open into the surface epithelium  Trachea Mucosa Submucosa Fibro-Cartilaginous coat Adventitia. Dense CT -Dense C.T. contain contains bl.V. 16-20 c-shaped rings (hyaline cartilage) -above each other - Maintain patency of trachea - Gaps are bridged by smooth muscle  Bronchi Extra- Intra- pulmonary pulmonary bronchi bronchi -Mucosa - Submucosa -Mucosa -Fibrocartilagenous - Muscle layer -adventitia -adventitia  Intrapulmonary Bronchi Goblet cells & mucous glands decrease in number as bronchi become smaller and end in bronchioles. Mucosa Muscle layer Adventitia. +++ elastic fibers Hyaline cart. Epith. Spirally arranged Plates Pseudost. Col. Corium: smooth muscle Mucous & serous Ciliated with +++ elastic fibers fibers. G. goblet Lymphatic nodules Bronchi  Trachea Intrapulmonary bronchus Lumen Wider Narrower Wall Flattened posteriorly Circular Mucosal Folds Present only posteriorly Highly folded allover the circumference Epithelium Pseudostratified columnar Same but fewer goblet cells ciliated with goblet cells Elastic membranes Present in mucosa between No elastic membrane but the corium and the elastic fibers are distributed submucosa between the cartilaginous plates in adventitia.  Trachea Intrapulmonary bronchus Submucosa Present Absent Glands Present in submucosa Present between the plates Cartilage C-shaped cartilaginous rings Irregular numerous cartilage plates Muscle fibers Few, bridge the gap of Complete muscle layer C-shaped ring surround the mucosa Lymphatic nodules Absent Lymphatic nodules in the adventitia.  Clinical case A 10 years old child came to the hospital with her mother with an attack of cough, wheezes, shortness of breath and chest tightness. Chest examination revealed expiratory wheezes. Her mother said these attacks were recurrent and were exacerbated by effort. Bronchial asthma What is the most probable diagnosis?  References Principles of histology, (student book of Histology & Cell Biology Department, faculty of medicine, Mansoura university) Basic Histology, text book of histology & cell biology Internet sources