Research Method in Software Engineering Week 3- Review of Litrature PDF

WEEK 3 – Review of Literature Lemlem Kassa (Ph.D.) Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Ethiopia Unit 3- Review of Literature 1 Week 3- Review of Literature Contents 1. Introduction to Literature Review 2. Strategies for locating rel...

WEEK 3 – Review of Literature Lemlem Kassa (Ph.D.) Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Ethiopia Unit 3- Review of Literature 1 Week 3- Review of Literature Contents 1. Introduction to Literature Review 2. Strategies for locating related literature 3. Evaluating the research of others 4. Guidelines for writing a literature survey Unit 3- Review of Literature 2 Learning Outcome Understand the purpose of literature review Learn methods for organizing literature Identify potential goals for conducting a review Understand the steps in doing a literature review Understand how to review the work of others and evaluate the quality of their methods, results, and conclusions Unit 3- Review of Literature 3 1. Introduction to Literature Review What is Literature Review ? Means “look again” at (re + view)—what others have done in areas that are similar, though not necessarily identical to, one’s own topic of investigation. As a researcher, we should ultimately know the literature related to our topic very, very well. Do not include everything i.e., Only review work that is related to our topic and research questions. Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2015). Pracfical research: Planning and design, 11th edn., global edition. Page-70 Unit 3- Review of Literature 4 1. Introduction to Literature Review …..Cont’d Benefits of Literature review 1. Help to ascertain whether other researchers have already addressed and answered our research problem or at least some of its subproblems. 2. It can offer new ideas, perspectives, and approaches that may not have occurred to us. 3. It can inform about other individuals who conduct work in this area—we may wish to contact for advice or feedback. 4. It can alert to controversial issues and gaps in understanding that have not yet been resolved 5. Show how others have handled methodological and design issues in studies similar issues. Walliman, N. (2021). Research methods: The basics.Unit Routledge. Page-49 3- Review of Literature 5 1. Introduction to Literature Review …..cont’d Benefits of Literature review …cont’d 6. It can reveal sources of data we may not have known existed. 7. It can introduce measurement tools that other researchers have developed and effectively used. 8. Help interpret and make sense of our findings and, ultimately, help tie our results to the work of those who have preceded. 9. It can boost confidence that our topic is one worth studying, because we will find that others have invested considerable time, effort, and resources in studying it. The more we know about investigations and perspectives related to our topic, the more effectively we can address our own research problem. Unit 3- Review of Literature 6 2. Strategies for locating related literature A good way to start is to identify one or more keywords—words or short phrases summarizing our research topic—that can point us toward potentially useful resources. A prime source of such keywords is statement of research problem. Strategies for locating related literature:- library catalog, online https://images.app.goo.gl/ULHuFS databases, reference librarians, the Internet, and other Wxe3WRkwVw7 researchers’ citations and reference lists. Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2015). Pracfical research: Planning and design, 11th edn., global edition. Page-70 Unit 3- Review of Literature 7 2. Strategies for locating related literature..Cont’d 1. Library Catalog : search through the cards in search of books relevant to our topic and then write down the call numbers of books we wanted to track down in the library’s numerous shelves of books. 2. Online Databases Enable searches of thousands of journals and such other sources as books, chapters in edited books, dissertations, government documents, technical reports, and newspapers. A typical database allows to limit our search in a variety of ways—perhaps by keywords, title, author, year, source (e.g., journal title), language, or any combination of these. Many databases focus on particular disciplines and subject areas Unit 3- Review of Literature 8 2. Strategies for locating related literature..Cont’d 3. Consulting with Reference Librarians Librarians sitting to help find needed information. They can also demonstrate how to use the computer catalog, hard-bound reference resources, online databases, or any of the library’s other resources. https://images.app.goo.gl/MiAQ9ywXauTrvLp16 Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2015). Pracfical research: Planning and design, 11th edn., global edition. Page-70 Unit 3- Review of Literature 9 2. Strategies for locating related literature …..Cont’d 4. Surfing the Internet Internet as a source of such free-access online databases as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Google Books. Internet search begins with a search engine at a website such as Google, Bing, or Yahoo!. Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2015). Pracfical research: Planning and design, 11th edn. Page-70 Unit 3- Review of Literature 10 2. Strategies for locating related literature …..Cont’d Some general strategies to keep in mind when using search engines:  Use at least two keywords to limit our search. (For example, to locate research software quality, type the words software and quality.)  Type a plus sign (+) before any keyword definitely wanted in our search. (For example, to limit your search only to children who have autism, type “+children” and “+autism.”  To look for a phrase rather than a single word, put quotation marks around the phrase. (For example, if you are looking for the home page of the software quality, should type “Software quality” within quotation marks) Unit 3- Review of Literature 11 2. Strategies for locating related literature …..Cont’d 5. Using Citations and Reference Lists of those Who Have Gone Before us As a rule of thumb, we should track down any references we see cited by three or more other researchers. Such references are clearly influencing current work in our field and should not be overlooked Figure 1. Reference searching strategies Unit 3- Review of Literature 12 https://images.app.goo.gl/9vuqdo1xARerycjt5 3. Evaluating the research of others Planning a Literature Search The main problem and subproblems provide a way to focus our attention as we read the literature. Literature Search approach involves the following steps: 1. Write the problem in its entirety on the page or computer screen. 2. Write each subproblem in its entirety as well. 3. Identify the important words and phrases in each subproblem. 4. Translate these words and phrases into specific topics we must learn more about. 5. Go to the library catalog, its online databases, and the Internet to seek out resources related to our agenda (Topic).. Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2015). Pracfical research: Planning and design, 11th edn.Page-78 13 Unit 3- Review of Literature 3. Evaluating the research of others …Cont’d An important skill for any researcher is the ability to review the work of others and evaluate the quality of their methods, results, and conclusions. Benefits of critically examining others research : Help to determine which ideas, research findings, and conclusions we should take seriously and which we can reasonably ignore. Help to reconcile inconsistent findings obtained in previous research studies. It can give some ideas about how we might improve our own research efforts Helps to be knowledgeable about the kinds of conclusions that are and are not justified from various methodologies and types of data. Unit 3- Review of Literature 14 3. Evaluating the research of others …Cont’d Organizing And Synthesizing the Literature into a Cohesive Review In a good literature review, the researcher doesn’t merely report the related literature but also evaluates, organizes, and synthesizes what others have done. But in addition to evaluating what we read, we must also organize the ideas we encounter during review. In many cases, the subproblems within main problem can provide a general organizational scheme we can use. Looking at how other authors have organized literature reviews related to our topic can be helpful as well. Unit 3- Review of Literature 15 3. Evaluating the research of others …Cont’d Most importantly, we must synthesize what we have learned from our review i.e., we must pull together the diverse perspectives and research results we have read. Some examples of what might do: Identify common themes that run throughout the literature. Show how approaches to the topic have changed over time. Compare and contrast varying theoretical perspectives on the topic. Describe general trends in research findings. Identify contradictory findings, and suggest possible explanations for such contradictory.  Thus if we write a literature review that does such things, we can contributed something new to the knowledge in the field even before we have conducted our own study. 16 Unit 3- Review of Literature 3. Evaluating the Research of Others …Cont’d Finally , we can produce a table with the summaries of critical evaluation of each of the studies to scan across the set of papers. Provide a clear and simple framework for making a comparative assessment of the papers. Study design and assumptions Methods of data collection Analytical methods Main findings Conclusions The study’s strengths and limitations: (Clarity, Logic, Scope ) 17 Unit 3- Review of Literature 4. Guidelines for Writing a Literature Survey We can create a comprehensive and well-structured literature survey that effectively communicates the current state of research in our field. 1. Search for articles, books and papers related to our subject. Be creative and persistent in our keyword search until you hunt down good references or examples. Try and decide on the parameters of our research--What exactly are our objectives and what do we need to find out? In our review, what are we looking at-- issues of theory, methodology, policy, quantitive research?. Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2015). Pracfical research: Planning and design, 11th edn., global edition. Unit 3- Review of Literature 18 4. Guidelines for Writing a Literature Survey …Cont’d 2. Exclude literature that is not very useful form our list of references. More references do not mean a better list of references. 3. In each document, identify the approach(es)/method(s) for solving problem(s), and compare this/these with what you already know. 4. Identify which approaches and/or methods we will use and omit in our research.. Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2015). Pracfical research: Planning and design, 11th edn., global edition. Unit 3- Review of Literature 19 4. Guidelines for Writing a Literature Survey ….Cont’d 5. A good literature review needs a clear line of argument, therefore need to use the critical notes and comments made while doing our reading to express anacademic opinion. After we feel satisfied that know most of the existing approaches/methods, we do the following for each approach/method: Describe how it works and what its components are Tell what kinds of problems it is good at solving Tell what kinds of problems it is poor or limited at solving Mention other strengths and/or weakness of each approach Tell if we will use or omit the approach for our research and why or why not Unit 3- Review of Literature 20 4. Guidelines for Writing a Literature Survey ….Cont’d Your review must be written in a formal, academic style. Keep your writing clear and concise, avoiding colloquialisms and personal language. always aim to be objective and respectful of others' opinions. Remember at all times to avoid plagiarising our sources. Always separate our source opinions from our own hypothesis. Making sure consistently reference the literature referring Unit 3- Review of Literature 21 Summary A literature review is an essential component in a research process that helps to not only informs and refines our study but also contributes to the advancement of knowledge in the field. Library catalog, online databases, reference librarians, the Internet, and other researchers’ citations and reference are the strategies to locate related literature. An important skill for any researcher is the ability to review the work of others and evaluate the quality of their methods, results, and conclusions. By following guidelines literature review, one can create a comprehensive and well-structured literature survey that effectively communicates the current state of research in the field. Unit 3- Review of Literature 22 References 1. Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2015). Pracfical research: Planning and design, 11th edn., global edition. 3. Walliman, N. (2021). Research methods: The basics. Routledge. Unit 3- Review of Literature 23 Unit 3- Review of Literature 24