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 AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY Bunawan, Agusan del Sur 19084895 TOPIC # 3 Hi and Consonant Clusters Table of...

 AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY Bunawan, Agusan del Sur 19084895 TOPIC # 3 Hi and Consonant Clusters Table of Contents 01 Syllables in English 02 Word Stress 03 Consonant Clusters in English 04 Types of consonant Clusters  01 Syllables in English A syllable is an unbroken vowel sound within a word.  One-syllable words: cat, big, high, kind, love. Two-syllable words: apple, happy, music, office, woman. 01 Examples of Three-syllable words: animal, Syllables certainly, dinosaur, industry, opposite. Four-syllable words: admirable, anonymous, automatic, beautiful, complicated.  Types of Syllables Closed syllables Open syllables A closed syllable has one An open syllable is a unit vowel sound and ends with a that ends in a vowel sound. consonant. Vowel-consonant-e syllables (VCE) These syllables end in a silent e, which is why they are sometimes called “magic-e” syllables. The silent e gives the vowel before it a long sound (it sounds like you are saying the vowel instead of pronouncing it).  Types of Syllables Diphthong syllables R-controlled syllables Diphthongs are a “vowel team,” (VR) or a pair of vowels that work R-controlled syllables together to create a single contain a vowel followed by sound. Common English the letter r. diphthongs are oi, ou, and ea. Consonant le syllables This syllable has a sneaky vowel (just like the vowel-consonant-e syllables above). It is, again, a silent e. The consonant le syllable specifically describes words that end in le because you will not actually hear the vowel sound; you will only hear and pronounce an l.  02 WORD STRESS Stress refers to the emphasis given to a specific syllable in a word. Key points The stressed syllable is In multi-syllable * usually louder, longer, * words, one syllable and pronounced with a is the stressed higher pitch. syllable. Misplaced stress can The vowel sound of * change a word’s meaning * the stressed syllable or confuse listeners. is emphasized. General rules in Word Stress 1. Two-Syllable Words: 2. Words Ending in -ic, -sion, o Nouns and Adjectives: For and -tion: words with two syllables, o -ic: Words like like “present” (gift) or “geographic” or “television” “export,” the stress usually have stress on the second-to- falls on the first syllable. last syllable (the one before So, it’s “PRES-ent” (noun) the last). So, it’s “geo-GRAPH- and “EX-port.” ic” and “tele-VI-sion.” o Verbs: When it’s a verb, o -sion and -tion: These like “to offer” or “to send endings also follow the same out,” the stress shifts to the rule. For example, “revelation” second syllable. So, it becomes is stressed as “re-ve-LA-tion,” “pre-SENT” (verb) and “ex- and “television” remains “tele- PORT.” VI-sion.” 3. Words Ending in -cy, - 4. Compound Words: ty, -phy, and -gy: o In compound nouns like o These words emphasize the “blackbird” or third-from-last syllable “greenhouse,” stress the (the one before the ante- first part: “BLACK-bird” penultimate syllable). and “GREEN-house.” o Examples include o For compound adjectives “democracy” (de-MO-cra- like “bad-tempered” or cy) and “dependability” “old-fashioned,” stress the (de-pen-da-BI-li-ty). second part: “bad-TEM- pered” and “old-FASH- ioned.”  How to Count Syllables Chin Method Written Method Place your hand First, count all underneath your Clap Method Listen Method of the vowels in chin and say a Say a word out Listen for new the word. Then, word out loud. loud and clap vowel sounds. subtract 1 for Each time your every time you Each new vowel every pair of chin pushes hear a vowel sound is a new vowels that makes down into your sound. syllable. a sound together hand, you count and for every one syllable. silent vowel.  03 Consonant Clusters in English In linguistics, a consonant cluster, consonant sequence, or consonant compound, is a group of consonants which have no intervening vowel. In English, for example, the groups /spl/ and /ts/ are consonant clusters in the word splits.  Examples of Consonant Clusters Two-letter clusters Three-letter clusters bl, cl, fl, gl, pl, sl, br, Sch, Shr, Spl, Thr, Spr, cr, dr, fr, gr, pr, tr, sc, Scr, Sph. sk, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tw. Words with consonant clusters black, blue, desk, helped, string, tasks, sixty  Types of Consonant Clusters Onset Consonant Clusters Coda Consonant Clusters These occur at the beginning of a These occur at the end of a syllable or word. syllable or word. Examples: Examples: Spr: spring, spray, spread -st: post, fast, best Str: street, strong, strike -nd: hand, friend, stand Bl: black, blue, blend -lt: felt, salt, result Cl: clean, climb, close -sk: desk, risk, task  Consonant Cluster Reductions Consonant clusters occur naturally in written and spoken English, although sometimes, they may be changed. This process, called consonant cluster simplification (or reduction) sometimes occurs when at least one consonant in a sequence of adjacent consonants is elided or dropped.  AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY Bunawan, Agusan del Sur 19084895 TOPIC # 3 Bye! and Consonant Clusters Thank you  AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY Bunawan, Agusan del Sur 19084895 Goodluck! o Multiple Choice o True or False o Identification 1. A _______ is an unbroken vowel sound within a word. A. Syllables B. Beat C. Syllabus D. Consonant 2. A type of syllable that has one vowel sound and ends with a consonant. A. Open B. Diphthong syllables C. Closed D. Consonant le syllables 3. It refers to the emphasis given to a specific syllable in a word. A. Depress B. Stress C. Highlight D. Tension  4. _______ are a “vowel team,” or a pair of vowels that work together to create a single sound. A. Vowel-consonant e syllables (VCE) B. Clusters C. Consonant Clusters D. Diphthongs  5. This process occurs when at least one consonant in a sequence of adjacent consonants is dropped. A. Consonant Cluster Reduction B. Consonant le syllables C. Consonant Clusters D. Consonant Redundant 6. Does the stressed syllable usually louder, longer, and pronounced with a higher pitch? True False 7. Onset Consonant Clusters occurs at the end of a syllable or word? True False 8. Coda Consonant Clusters occurs at the beginning of a syllable or word? True False 9. In linguistics, a consonant cluster, is a group of consonants which have no intervening consonant? True False 10. Consonant Cluster Reduction occurs when at least one consonant in a sequence of adjacent consonants is dropped? True False 11-14 Four (4) methods of counting syllables 15. What is Syllables?  AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY Bunawan, Agusan del Sur 19084895 Goodluck! 1. A _______ is an unbroken vowel sound within a word. A. Syllables B. Beat C. Syllabus D. Consonant 2. A type of syllable that has one vowel sound and ends with a consonant. A. Open B. Diphthong syllables C. Closed D. Consonant le syllables 3. It refers to the emphasis given to a specific syllable in a word. A. Depress B. Stress C. Highlight D. Tension  4. _______ are a “vowel team,” or a pair of vowels that work together to create a single sound. A. Vowel-consonant e syllables (VCE) B. Clusters C. Consonant Clusters D. Diphthongs  5. This process occurs when at least one consonant in a sequence of adjacent consonants is dropped. A. Consonant Cluster Reduction B. Consonant le syllables C. Consonant Clusters D. Consonant Redundant 6. Does the stressed syllable usually louder, longer, and pronounced with a higher pitch? True False 7. Onset Consonant Clusters occurs at the end beginning of a syllable or word? True False 8. Coda Consonant Clusters occurs at the beginning end of a syllable or word? True False 9. In linguistics, a consonant cluster, is a group of consonants which have no intervening consonant vowel? True False 10. Consonant Cluster Reduction occurs when at least one consonant in a sequence of adjacent consonants is dropped? True False 11-14 Four (4) methods of counting syllables ❑CHIN METHOD ❑LISTEN METHOD ❑CLAP METHOD ❑WRITTEN METHOD 11-14 Four (4) methods of counting syllables A syllable is an unbroken vowel sound within a word.