Renal RxPrep Quiz PDF

Phosphate Binders: Aluminum-based Medication Safety and Dosing Quiz Your Name: 1. Which type of medication is rarely used due to the risk of aluminum accumulation and limited to a treatment duration of 4 weeks? A. Phoslyra B. Aluminum hydroxide Suspension C. Calcium carbonate D. Calcium acetate 2. W...

Phosphate Binders: Aluminum-based Medication Safety and Dosing Quiz Your Name: 1. Which type of medication is rarely used due to the risk of aluminum accumulation and limited to a treatment duration of 4 weeks? A. Phoslyra B. Aluminum hydroxide Suspension C. Calcium carbonate D. Calcium acetate 2. What is a potential side effect of using Aluminum-based phosphate binders? A. Hypercalcemia B. Osteomalacia C. Nervous system and bone toxicity D. Increased calcium absorption 3. What is the recommended total daily dose of elemental calcium for patients using calcium-based phosphate binders? A. < 1,000 mg B. > 3,000 mg C. < 2,000 mg D. 2,500 - 3,000 mg 4. Which calcium-based phosphate binder binds more dietary phosphorus on an elemental calcium basis compared to calcium carbonate? A. Calcium acetate B. Phoslyra C. Tums D. Aluminum hydroxide Suspension 5. What is especially problematic with the concomitant use of vitamin D when using a calcium-based phosphate binder? A. Nervous system and bone toxicity B. Hypercalcemia C. Constipation D. Increased calcium absorption 6. Which type of phosphate binder is aluminum-free and calcium-free, but more expensive? A. Calcium acetate B. Phoslyra C. Aluminum hydroxide Suspension D. Calcium carbonate 7. Which phosphate binder poses a risk of Gl adverse effects with the chewable tablets? A. Ferric citrate (Auryxia) B. Sevelamer C. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) D. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro) 8. Which medication can reduce the absorption of vitamins D, E, K, and folic acid, necessitating vitamin supplementation? A. Ferric citrate (Auryxia) B. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) C. Sevelamer D. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) 9. Which medication should be avoided in individuals with Gl obstruction, fecal impaction, or ileus? A. Sevelamer B. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro) C. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) D. Ferric citrate (Auryxia) 10. Which medication is a lanthanide-based phosphate binder? A. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro) B. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) C. Sevelamer D. Ferric citrate (Auryxia) 11. Which medication has a max dose of 25 grams and should be used carefully due to the risk of Gi necrosis? A. Sevelamer B. Patiromer C. Ferric citrate (Auryxia) D. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) 12. Which medication binds other oral medications, requiring checking for drug interactions before administration? A. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) B. Patiromer C. Sevelamer D. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) 13. Which medication is not systemically absorbed and can interact with various medications such as levothyroxine, quinolone antibiotics, and mycophenolate? A. Sevelamer B. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) C. Ferric citrate (Auryxia) D. Patiromer 14. Which medication is an iron-based phosphate binder that can cause iron absorption? A. Patiromer B. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro) C. Sevelamer D. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) 15. Which medication has warnings about the need to maintain safe storage to prevent accidental overdose? A. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) B. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) C. Ferric citrate (Auryxia) D. Patiromer 16. Which medication can cause electrolyte disturbances and the risk of Gi necrosis? A. Patiromer B. Sevelamer C. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro) D. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) 17. Which medication can interact with levothyroxine serum concentrations and should be separately administered from it by specific intervals? A. Sevelamer B. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) C. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro) D. Patiromer 18. What is the standard daily dose of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) for up to 48 hours? A. 20 g PO TID B. 5 g PO QID C. 10 g PO TID D. 15 g PO BID 19. What is the recommended storage condition for Veltassa powder for oral suspension if it is to be used within 3 months? A. Refrigerator B. Room temperature C. Cool, dry place D. Freezer 20. What is a potential side effect of using sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma)? A. Hypomagnesemia B. Peripheral edema C. Nausea D. Constipation 21. What is the effect of metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD? A. Decreased bicarbonate reabsorption by the liver B. Magnesium deficiency C. Increased bicarbonate concentration D. Fluid retention 22. Which medication can bind to many oral drugs and should be separated by at least 3 hours before or after intake? A. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) B. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) C. Veltassa D. Sodium citrate/citric acid solution 23. What is a concern associated with the use of sodium bicarbonate (Neut) as a treatment for metabolic acidosis? A. Hypomagnesemia B. Gastrointestinal motility issues C. Peripheral edema D. Fluid retention due to sodium load 24. What is the primary reason for the preference of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) as a potassium binder? A. Limited side effects B. Delayed onset of action C. Fastest onset of action D. Long shelf life 25. What is a potential side effect of using Veltassa for potassium binding? A. Nausea B. Diarrhea C. Edema D. Constipation 26. Which medication is a lanthanide-based phosphate binder? A. Ferric citrate (Auryxia) B. Sevelamer C. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro) D. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) 27. Which medication is an iron-based phosphate binder that can cause iron absorption? A. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) B. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) C. Sevelamer D. Ferric citrate (Auryxia) 28. What is a potential side effect of using Aluminum-based phosphate binders? A. Discolored (black) feces B. Diarrhea C. Electrolyte disturbances D. Constipation 29. What is the recommended total daily dose of elemental calcium for patients using calcium-based phosphate binders? A. $4000-4500 mg B. $2000-2500 mg C. $3000-3500 mg D. $1000-1500 mg 30. What is the primary reason for the preference of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) as a potassium binder? A. Reduced risk of Gi necrosis B. Reduced drug interactions C. Lower cost D. Minimal absorption 31. Which medication binds other oral medications, requiring checking for drug interactions before administration? A. Sevelamer B. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) C. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) D. Patiromer 32. Which medication has a max dose of 25 grams and should be used carefully due to the risk of Gi necrosis? A. Patiromer B. $6000-7000 mg C. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) D. $5000-6000 mg 33. Which type of phosphate binder is aluminum-free and calcium-free, but more expensive? A. $1400-1600 mg B. $1000-1200 mg C. $1200-1400 mg D. $800-1000 mg 34. What is a concern associated with the use of sodium bicarbonate (Neut) as a treatment for metabolic acidosis? A. Hypokalemia B. Hyperkalemia C. Hypocalcemia D. Hypercalcemia 35. What is especially problematic with the concomitant use of vitamin D when using a calcium-based phosphate binder? A. Hypocalcemia B. Hypercalcemia C. Hyperphosphatemia D. Hypophosphatemia 36. What is the effect of metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD? A. Increased risk of hypocalcemia B. Increased risk of hyperphosphatemia C. Reduced risk of hyperkalemia D. Reduced risk of secondary hyperparathyroidism 37. What is a potential side effect of using aluminum hydroxide suspension as a phosphate binder? A. Aluminum intoxication B. Metabolic alkalosis C. Hyperkalemia D. Hypocalcemia 38. Which medication should be titrated based on PO4 levels when used as a phosphate binder? A. Calcium carbonate B. Calcium acetate C. Ferric citrate D. Aluminum hydroxide suspension 39. What is a potential side effect of using calcium carbonate as a phosphate binder? A. Hypercalcemia B. Metabolic acidosis C. Hypokalemia D. Hypophosphatemia 40. What is especially problematic with the concomitant use of vitamin D when using calcium-based phosphate binders? A. Hypocalcemia B. Hypercalcemia C. Hyperkalemia D. Hypophosphatemia 41. Which type of phosphate binder is aluminum-free and calcium-free but more expensive? A. Ferric citrate B. Sevelamer carbonate C. Lanthanum carbonate D. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide 42. What is a potential side effect of using sevelamer carbonate as a phosphate binder? A. Hypocalcemia B. Hyperkalemia C. Hypomagnesemia D. Hyperphosphatemia 43. Which medication is an iron-based phosphate binder that can cause iron absorption? A. Sevelamer carbonate B. Ferric citrate C. Lanthanum carbonate D. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide 44. What is the recommended storage condition for Veltassa powder for oral suspension if it is to be used within 3 months? A. Freezing at -20°C to -10°C (-4°F to 14°F) B. Room temperature at 25°C (77°F) C. Refrigeration at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) D. Protection from light at room temperature 45. Which medication has a maximum dose of 25 grams and should be used carefully due to the risk of Gi necrosis? A. Ferric citrate B. Sevelamer carbonate C. Veltassa D. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) 46. What is the standard daily dose of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) for up to 48 hours? A. 25 grams B. 5 grams C. 15 grams D. 35 grams 47. Which medication can bind to many oral drugs and should be separated by at least 3 hours before or after intake? A. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) B. Ferric citrate C. Sevelamer carbonate D. Veltassa 48. What is a concern associated with the use of sodium bicarbonate (Neut) as a treatment for metabolic acidosis? A. Hypercalcemia B. Hypoglycemia C. Hyperphosphatemia D. Hypokalemia 49. What is the recommended total daily dose of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) for up to 48 hours? A. 20 grams B. 15 grams C. 5 grams D. 25 grams 50. What is a potential side effect of using Veltassa for potassium binding? A. Peripheral edema B. Metabolic acidosis C. Hypomagnesemia D. Constipation 51. What is the primary reason for the preference of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) as a potassium binder? A. Contains sodium B. Delayed onset of action C. Edema D. Fastest onset of action 52. Which medication can reduce the absorption of vitamins D, E, K, and folic acid, necessitating vitamin supplementation? A. Sodium citrate/citric acid solution B. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) C. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) D. Veltassa 53. What is the effect of metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD? A. Enhanced drug absorption B. Decreased serum bicarbonate concentration C. Increased serum bicarbonate concentration D. Reduced potassium binding 54. Which monitoring parameter is specific only to ferric citrate among the phosphate binders mentioned? A. PTH B. K C. Mg D. TSAT 55. What is a specific contraindication for sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro)? A. Hypocalcemia B. Metabolic acidosis C. Fecal impaction D. Hypokalemia 56. Which medication used for hyperkalemia treatment can pose a risk of Gi necrosis? A. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) B. Sevelamer C. Patiromer D. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) 57. What is a potential side effect of using sevelamer as a phosphate binder? A. Gi adverse effects B. Black feces C. Fecal impaction D. Electrolyte disturbances 58. What is the primary reason for the preference of sevelamer over calcium-based phosphate binders? A. Lower cost B. Reduced risk of Gi necrosis C. Minimal absorption D. No need for vitamin supplementation 59. Which medication has warnings about the need for safe storage to prevent accidental overdose? A. Patiromer B. Ferric citrate (Auryxia) C. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) D. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) 60. What is a potential side effect of using aluminum hydroxide suspension as a phosphate binder? A. Electrolyte disturbances B. Black feces C. Gi adverse effects D. Fecal impaction 61. What is the recommended storage condition for Veltassa powder for oral suspension if it is to be used within 3 months? A. Room temperature up to 25°C (77°F) B. Exposure to direct sunlight C. Freezing at -20°C (-4°F) D. Refrigeration at 2-8°C (36-46°F) 62. What is the effect of metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD? A. Decreased PTH levels B. Hyperventilation C. Hypokalemia D. Increased Ca levels 63. What is a potential side effect of using calcium carbonate as a phosphate binder? A. Aluminum Intoxication B. Hypercalcemia C. Constipation D. Nausea 64. Which medication has warnings about the need to maintain safe storage to prevent accidental overdose? A. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) B. Aluminum hydroxide Suspension C. Veltassa powder for oral suspension D. Calcium acetate 65. Which type of phosphate binder is aluminum-free and calcium-free, but more expensive? A. Calcium acetate B. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) C. Aluminum hydroxide Suspension D. Vitamin P 66. What is especially problematic with the concomitant use of vitamin D when using calcium-based phosphate binders? A. Aluminum accumulation B. Hypercalcemia C. Increased calcium absorption D. Nausea 67. Which medication should be titrated based on PO4 levels when used as a phosphate binder? A. Aluminum hydroxide Suspension B. Calcium acetate C. Veltassa powder for oral suspension D. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) 68. Which medication can bind to many oral drugs and should be separated by at least 3 hours before or after intake? A. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) B. Calcium acetate C. Calcium carbonate D. Aluminum hydroxide Suspension 69. What is the recommended total daily dose of elemental calcium for patients using calcium-based phosphate binders? A. 1,000 - 1,500 mg B. Less than 1,000 mg C. Less than 2,000 mg D. 1,500 - 2,000 mg 70. What is a potential side effect of using Aluminum-based phosphate binders? A. Constipation B. Aluminum Intoxication C. Nausea D. Hypercalcemia 71. What is the effect of metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD? A. Increased calcium absorption B. Decreased phosphate levels C. Increased phosphate levels D. Decreased calcium absorption 72. Which medication binds other oral medications, requiring checking for drug interactions before administration? A. Aluminum hydroxide Suspension B. Vitamin P C. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) D. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) 73. What is a potential side effect of using Veltassa for potassium binding? A. Hypercalcemia B. Hypokalemia C. Hyperkalemia D. Hypocalcemia 74. What is the primary reason for the preference of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) as a potassium binder? A. Increased potassium absorption B. No systemic absorption C. Increased calcium absorption D. Increased sodium levels 75. What is the recommended storage condition for Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) powder for oral suspension if it is to be used within 3 months? A. Room temperature B. Direct sunlight C. Refrigerator D. Freezer 76. Which medication is generally the preferred potassium binder due to the fastest onset of action? A. Sodium citrate/citric acid solution B. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) C. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) D. Veltassa 77. What is a potential side effect of using Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) for up to 48 hours? A. Nausea B. Diarrhea C. Peripheral edema D. Constipation 78. What can worsen GI motility and contains sodium, requiring potential adjustment of dietary sodium intake? A. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) B. Sodium citrate/citric acid solution C. Veltassa D. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) 79. Which medication has delayed onset of action, limiting its use in life-threatening hyperkalemia? A. Sodium citrate/citric acid solution B. Veltassa C. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) D. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) 80. Which medication is not systemically absorbed and can interact with various medications such as levothyroxine, quinolone antibiotics, and mycophenolate? A. Sodium citrate/citric acid solution B. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) C. Veltassa D. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) 81. Which medication binds to many oral drugs and should be separated by at least 3 hours before or after intake? A. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) B. Sodium citrate/citric acid solution C. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) D. Veltassa 82. What is the potential side effect of using Veltassa for potassium binding? A. Constipation B. Nausea C. Diarrhea D. All of the above 83. What is a concern associated with the use of sodium bicarbonate (Neut) as a treatment for metabolic acidosis? A. Increased risk of hypomagnesemia B. Peripheral edema C. Prolonged QT interval D. Sodium overload causing fluid retention 84. What is the primary reason for the preference of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) as a potassium binder? A. Avoidance of GI side effects B. Avoidance of sodium absorption C. Avoidance of drug interactions D. Faster onset of action 85. Which phosphate binder is a lanthanide-based phosphate binder? A. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide B. Lanthanum carbonate C. Velphoro D. Auryxia 86. Which medication is an iron-based phosphate binder that can cause iron absorption? A. Ferric citrate B. Lanthanum carbonate C. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate D. Sevelamer 87. What is the primary reason for the preference of sevelamer over calcium-based phosphate binders? A. Non-systemic absorption B. Reduced absorption of vitamins C. Reduced interaction with other medications D. Minimal absorption 88. Which medication can reduce the absorption of vitamins D, E, K, and folic acid, necessitating vitamin supplementation? A. Ferric citrate B. Lanthanum carbonate C. Sevelamer D. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate 89. What is a potential side effect of using sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) as a treatment for hyperkalemia? A. Constipation B. Electrolyte disturbances C. Discolored (black) feces D. Diarrhea 90. Which medication can interact with levothyroxine serum concentrations and should be separately administered from it by specific intervals? A. Sevelamer B. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide C. Lanthanum carbonate D. Patiromer 91. What is a concern associated with the use of patiromer as a treatment for hyperkalemia? A. Fecal impaction B. Reduced absorption of vitamins C. Electrolyte disturbances D. Risk of Gi necrosis 92. Which type of phosphate binder is aluminum-free and calcium-free but more expensive? A. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide B. Ferric citrate C. Sevelamer D. Velphoro 93. What is especially problematic with the concomitant use of vitamin D when using calcium-based phosphate binders? A. Reduced interaction with other medications B. Reduced absorption of vitamins D, E, K, and folic acid C. Increased calcium levels D. Risk of Gi necrosis 94. What is the recommended total daily dose of elemental calcium for patients using calcium-based phosphate binders? A. 1000-1500 mg B. 4000-4500 mg C. 2000-2500 mg D. 3000-3500 mg 95. What can worsen GI motility and contains sodium, requiring potential adjustment of dietary sodium intake? A. Ferric citrate B. Patiromer C. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) D. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide 96. What is a potential side effect of using sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) as a potassium binder? A. Constipation B. Peripheral edema C. Nausea D. Diarrhea 97. Which medication has the potential side effect of hypomagnesemia? A. Sodium citrate/citric acid solution B. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) C. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) D. Veltassa 98. What is especially problematic with the concomitant use of vitamin D when using sodium bicarbonate (Neut) as a treatment for metabolic acidosis? A. Hypophosphatemia B. Hypocalcemia C. Hyperphosphatemia D. Hypercalcemia 99. Which medication can worsen GI motility and contains sodium, requiring potential adjustment of dietary sodium intake? A. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) B. Veltassa C. Sodium citrate/citric acid solution D. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) 100. Which medication is an iron-based phosphate binder that can cause iron absorption? A. Calcium acetate B. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) C. Sevelamer carbonate D. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro) 101. What is a potential side effect of using calcium carbonate as a phosphate binder? A. Hypophosphatemia B. Hyperphosphatemia C. Hypocalcemia D. Hypercalcemia 102. Which medication should be avoided in individuals with Gl obstruction, fecal impaction, or ileus? A. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro) B. Calcium acetate C. Veltassa D. Sevelamer carbonate 103. What is the recommended storage condition for Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) powder for oral suspension if it is to be used within 3 months? A. Room temperature B. Freezer C. Refrigerator D. Dark cabinet 104. Which medication used for hyperkalemia treatment can pose a risk of GI necrosis? A. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) B. Sevelamer carbonate C. Veltassa D. Sodium citrate/citric acid solution 105. Which medication has the potential side effect of edema and contains sodium, possibly necessitating adjustment of dietary sodium intake? A. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) B. Sodium citrate/citric acid solution C. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) D. Veltassa 106. What is a potential side effect of using Veltassa for potassium binding? A. Constipation B. Edema C. Hypomagnesemia D. Diarrhea 107. Which medication can bind to many oral drugs and should be separated by at least 3 hours before or after intake? A. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) B. Veltassa C. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) D. Sodium citrate/citric acid solution 108. What is a potential side effect of using aluminum hydroxide suspension as a phosphate binder? A. Osteomalacia B. Constipation C. Hypercalcemia D. Nausea 109. Which medication binds to many oral drugs and should be separated by at least 3 hours before or after intake? A. Veltassa B. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) C. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) D. Sevelamer 110. What is the primary reason for the preference of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) as a potassium binder? A. Interacts with levothyroxine serum concentrations B. Not systemically absorbed and can interact with various medications C. Risk of GI necrosis D. Delayed onset of action 111. What is especially problematic with the concomitant use of vitamin D when using a calcium-based phosphate binder? A. Risk of aluminum toxicity B. Iron absorption C. Aluminum accumulation D. Increased calcium absorption 112. Which medication should be titrated based on PO4 levels when used as a phosphate binder? A. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) B. Sevelamer C. Calcium acetate (Phoslyra. PhosLo', others) D. Veltassa 113. Which medication has warnings about the need to maintain safe storage to prevent accidental overdose? A. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) B. Veltassa C. Aluminum hydroxide suspension D. Sevelamer 114. What is the standard daily dose of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) for up to 48 hours? A. $10$ grams B. $50$ grams C. $25$ grams D. $5$ grams 115. Which medication is an iron-based phosphate binder that can cause iron absorption? A. $25$ grams B. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) C. $5$ grams D. Calcium carbonate (Tums, others) 116. What is a concern associated with the use of sodium bicarbonate (Neut) as a treatment for metabolic acidosis? A. $10$ grams B. Risk of GI necrosis C. Worsens GI motility and contains sodium, requiring potential adjustment of dietary sodium intake D. $50$ grams 117. Which medication can worsen GI motility and contains sodium, requiring potential adjustment of dietary sodium intake? A. Sevelamer B. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) C. Veltassa D. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) 118. Which medication has a max dose of $25$ grams and should be used carefully due to the risk of GI necrosis? A. Sevelamer B. Veltassa C. Aluminum hydroxide suspension D. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) 119. What is a potential side effect of using sodium bicarbonate (Neut) as a treatment for metabolic acidosis? A. Hypokalemia B. Hypomagnesemia C. Hyperkalemia D. Hypermagnesemia 120. Which medication can worsen GI motility and contains sodium, requiring potential adjustment of dietary sodium intake? A. Veltassa B. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) C. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) D. Sodium citrate/citric acid solution 121. What is a potential side effect of using calcium carbonate as a phosphate binder? A. Hyperkalemia B. Hypercalcemia C. Hypomagnesemia D. Hypocalcemia 122. Which medication is not systemically absorbed and can interact with various medications such as levothyroxine, quinolone antibiotics, and mycophenolate? A. Veltassa B. Sodium citrate/citric acid solution C. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) D. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) 123. What is the primary reason for the preference of sevelamer over calcium-based phosphate binders? A. Reduced risk of hypercalcemia B. Reduced gastrointestinal side effects C. Minimal impact on serum phosphate levels D. Enhanced iron absorption 124. Which medication binds to many oral drugs and should be separated by at least 3 hours before or after intake? A. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) B. Sodium citrate/citric acid solution C. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) D. Veltassa 125. What is a potential side effect of using aluminum hydroxide suspension as a phosphate binder? A. Hyperphosphatemia B. Hyperkalemia C. Hypocalcemia D. Hypermagnesemia 126. What is a concern associated with the use of sodium bicarbonate (Neut) as a treatment for metabolic acidosis? A. Metabolic alkalosis B. Hypernatremia C. Metabolic alkalosis D. Renal potassium retention 127. Which medication has warnings about the need to maintain safe storage to prevent accidental overdose? A. Veltassa B. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) C. Sodium citrate/citric acid solution D. Sodium bicarbonate (Neut) 128. What is especially problematic with the concomitant use of vitamin D when using a calcium-based phosphate binder? A. Increased risk of hypercalcemia B. Reduced calcium absorption C. Hypervitaminosis D D. Hyperphosphatemia 129. What is the effect of metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD? A. Increased bicarbonate reabsorption by the kidneys B. Reduced GI motility C. Enhanced renal potassium excretion D. Decreased serum bicarbonate concentration 130. Which type of phosphate binder is aluminum-free and calcium-free, but more expensive? A. Lanthanum carbonate B. Aluminum hydroxide C. Ferric citrate D. Sevelamer 131. Which phosphate binder is a lanthanide-based phosphate binder? A. Sevelamer B. Ferric citrate (Auryxia) C. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) D. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro) 132. Which medication is an iron-based phosphate binder that can cause iron absorption? A. Sevelamer B. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) C. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) D. Ferric citrate (Auryxia) 133. Which medication is not systemically absorbed and can interact with various medications such as levothyroxine, quinolone antibiotics, and mycophenolate? A. Doxercalciferol B. Sevelamer C. Cinacalcet D. Calcitriol 134. Which medication used for hyperkalemia treatment can pose a risk of Gi necrosis? A. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) B. Sevelamer C. Patiromer D. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) 135. What is especially problematic with the concomitant use of vitamin D when using calcium-based phosphate binders? A. Risk of Gl adverse effects with chewable tablets B. Need to maintain safe storage to prevent accidental overdose C. Reduced absorption of vitamins D, E, K, and folic acid D. Risk of electrolyte disturbances 136. What is a potential side effect of using aluminum hydroxide suspension as a phosphate binder? A. Discolored (black) feces B. Edema C. Diarrhea D. Constipation 137. Which medication should be avoided in individuals with Gl obstruction, fecal impaction, or ileus? A. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) B. Sevelamer C. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) D. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro) 138. What is the recommended total daily dose of elemental calcium for patients using calcium-based phosphate binders? A. 10 grams B. 25 grams C. 15 grams D. 20 grams 139. Which medication has warnings about the need to maintain safe storage to prevent accidental overdose? A. Patiromer B. Sevelamer C. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) D. Ferric citrate (Auryxia) 140. What is a potential side effect of using sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) as a potassium binder? A. Reduced absorption of vitamins D, E, K, and folic acid B. Risk of Gl adverse effects with chewable tablets C. Risk of Gi necrosis D. Risk of electrolyte disturbances 141. Which medication has delayed onset of action, limiting its use in life-threatening hyperkalemia? A. Patiromer B. Calcitriol C. Sevelamer D. Cinacalcet 142. Which medication is an aluminum-based phosphate binder with a maximum treatment duration of 4 weeks? A. Calcium carbonate B. Sevelamer carbonate C. Aluminum hydroxide D. Calcium acetate 143. What is the recommended total daily dose of elemental calcium for patients using calcium-based phosphate binders? A. 2000 mg B. Less than 500 mg C. No specific recommendation D. Around 1200 mg 144. Which medication has the potential side effect of hypercalcemia? A. Calcium acetate B. Aluminum hydroxide C. Sevelamer carbonate D. Vitamin D 145. Which type of phosphate binder is aluminum-free and calcium-free but more expensive? A. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide B. Calcium acetate C. Vitamin D D. Sevelamer carbonate 146. What is a potential side effect of using sevelamer as a phosphate binder? A. Nausea B. Hypercalcemia C. Constipation D. Edema 147. Which medication binds more dietary phosphorus on an elemental calcium basis compared to calcium carbonate? A. Aluminum hydroxide B. Calcium acetate C. Vitamin D D. Sevelamer carbonate 148. Which medication can interact with levothyroxine serum concentrations and should be separately administered from it by specific intervals? A. Vitamin D B. Sevelamer carbonate C. Aluminum hydroxide D. Calcium carbonate 149. What is especially problematic with the concomitant use of vitamin D when using a calcium-based phosphate binder? A. $ ext{Ca}^{2+}$ accumulation B. $ ext{PO}_4$ depletion C. $ ext{PO}_4$ accumulation D. Hypocalcemia 150. Which medication should be titrated based on $ ext{PO}.....4$ levels when used as a phosphate binder? A. $ ext{Tums}$ (Calcium Carbonate) B. $ ext{PO}_4$lo (Calcium Acetate) C. $ ext{Tums}$ (Calcium Carbonate) D. $ ext{Phoslyra}$ (Calcium Acetate) 151. Which medication can cause iron absorption and is an iron-based phosphate binder? A. $ ext{Velphoro}$ (Sucroferric Oxyhydroxide) B. $ ext{Sevelamer}$ (Sevelamer Carbonate) C. $ ext{Phoslyra}$ (Calcium Acetate) D. $ ext{Tums}$ (Calcium Carbonate) 152. What is especially problematic with the concomitant use of sodium bicarbonate ($ ext{Neut}$) as a treatment for metabolic acidosis? A. Hypernatremia B. Hyperkalemia C. Hypokalemia D. Hypocalcemia 153. What is the maximum treatment duration for aluminum-based phosphate binders? A. 12 weeks B. 4 weeks C. 1 week D. 8 weeks 154. Which medication has a total daily dose of elemental calcium that should be kept below 2,000 mg? A. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) B. Calcium carbonate C. Calcium acetate D. Aluminum hydroxide 155. Which type of phosphate binder is aluminum-free, calcium-free, and relatively more expensive? A. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) B. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro) C. Calcium-based D. Aluminum-based 156. Which medication can cause hypercalcemia as a side effect? A. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro) B. Aluminum hydroxide C. Calcium acetate D. ViSodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) 157. Which medication is especially problematic with concomitant use of vitamin D due to increased calcium absorption? A. Calcium carbonate B. Calcium acetate C. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) D. Aluminum hydroxide 158. Which medication is contraindicated in individuals with Gl obstruction, fecal impaction, or ileus? A. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) B. Aluminum hydroxide C. Calcium acetate D. Calcium carbonate 159. Which medication should be titrated based on PO4 levels when used as a phosphate binder? A. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro) B. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) C. Aluminum hydroxide D. Calcium acetate 160. Which medication is an iron-based phosphate binder that can cause iron absorption? A. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) B. $ ext{Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro)}$ C. Aluminum hydroxide D. Calcium acetate 161. What is a potential side effect of using sodium bicarbonate (Neut) as a treatment for metabolic acidosis? A. Osteomalacia B. Electrolyte disturbances C. Hypercalcemia D. Constipation 162. Which type of medication is rarely used due to the risk of aluminum accumulation and limited to a treatment duration of 4 weeks? A. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro) B. Calcium-based C. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) D. Aluminum-based 163. What is a concern associated with the use of aluminum hydroxide suspension as a phosphate binder? A. Hypercalcemia B. Aluminum Intoxication C. Nausea D. Osteomalacia 164. What is the primary reason for the preference of sevelamer over calcium-based phosphate binders? A. Minimal systemic absorption B. Lower cost C. Reduced risk of hypercalcemia D. Rapid onset of action 165. Which medication is an iron-based phosphate binder that can cause iron absorption? A. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) B. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) C. Ferric citrate (Auryxia) D. Patiromer 166. What is a potential side effect of using lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) as a phosphate binder? A. Electrolyte disturbances B. Black feces C. Hypercalcemia D. Fecal impaction 167. What is a potential side effect of using sevelamer carbonate as a phosphate binder? A. Electrolyte disturbances B. Fecal impaction C. Hypercalcemia D. Diarrhea 168. Which monitoring parameter is specific only to ferric citrate among the phosphate binders mentioned? A. $ ext{TSAT (Transferrin Saturation)}$ B. $ ext{Ca (Calcium)}$ C. Potassium (K) D. $ ext{Mg (Magnesium)}$ 169. What can worsen GI motility and contains sodium, requiring potential adjustment of dietary sodium intake? A. $ ext{Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro)}$ B. $ ext{Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol)}$ C. $ ext{Patiromer}$ D. $ ext{Sevelamer carbonate}$ 170. What is a concern associated with the use of patiromer as a treatment for hyperkalemia? A. $ ext{Black feces}$ B. $ ext{Risk of GI necrosis}$ C. $ ext{Fecal impaction}$ D. $ ext{Electrolyte disturbances}$ 171. Which medication should be avoided in individuals with Gl obstruction, fecal impaction, or ileus? A. $ ext{Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro)}$ B. $ ext{Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS)}$ C. $ ext{Sevelamer}$ D. $ ext{Patiromer}$ 172. What is a concern associated with the use of sodium bicarbonate (Neut) as a treatment for metabolic acidosis? A. $ ext{Worsening of GI motility}$ B. $ ext{Risk of GI necrosis}$ C. $ ext{Hypercalcemia}$ D. $ ext{Electrolyte disturbances}$ 173. What is especially problematic with the concomitant use of vitamin D when using calcium-based phosphate binders? A. Reduced absorption of vitamin D B. Black feces C. Risk of GI necrosis D. Hypercalcemia 174. What is the recommended total daily dose of elemental calcium for patients using calcium-based phosphate binders? A. 2000 mg/day B. 1000 mg/day C. 600 mg/day D. 1500 mg/day