Renal Histology PDF

Renal System Kidney Notes Kidney- cortex magnified- 1 Kidney- cortex magnified- 2 Kidney- medulla magnified Ureter- 1 Notes Ureter- 2 Urinary bladder Notes Index Notes Kidney Cortex Medulla Notes Kidney- cortex magnified Capsule Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) Glomerulus Proximal convoluted tubule (P...

Renal System Kidney Notes Kidney- cortex magnified- 1 Kidney- cortex magnified- 2 Kidney- medulla magnified Ureter- 1 Notes Ureter- 2 Urinary bladder Notes Index Notes Kidney Cortex Medulla Notes Kidney- cortex magnified Capsule Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) Glomerulus Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) Bowman’s capsule Notes Kidney- cortex magnified Glomerulus Collecting duct DCT PCT Bowman’s capsule Notes Kidney- medulla magnified Collecting duct Loop of Henle Notes Ureter- 1 Curcular muscle layer Longitudinal muscle layer Epithelium Adventitia Notes Ureter- 2 Adventitia Blood vessel Transitional epithelium Lumen Lamina propria Curcular muscle layer Longitudinal muscle layer Notes Urinary bladder Lumen Epithelium Lamina propria muscle layer Kidney Kidney is covered by a connective tissue capsule and adipose tissue. It is divided into outer cortex and inner medulla. Cortex: Cortex appears granular in cut section. Presence of numerous glomeruli is the most characteristic feature of the cortex. Each glomerulus is made up of tuft of fenestrated capillaries lined by endothelium. Bowman’s capsule envelops these tufts of capillaries. Bowman’s capsule is a double-layered cup, lined by simple squamous epithelial cells. The glomerulus with the Bowman’s capsule is called renal corpuscle. In addition, cortex also shows number of cut sections of proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and distal convoluted tubules (DCT). Both these are lined by single layer of cuboidal cells. The cells lining the PCT bear a conspicuous brush border (microvilli) as a result of these the lumen of PCT appears much smaller than that of DCT. Presence of elongated cut sections of the collecting tubules is another characteristic feature of the cortex. They are lined by simple cuboidal epithelium. Medulla: Medulla is made up of 8-18 conical masses called renal pyramids. Pyramids show different parts of loop of Henle and terminal parts of collecting ducts. Near the cortex pyramids show the thick parts of ascending and descending limbs, which are lined by simple cuboidal epithelium. Whereas, in the deeper part there are lots of cut sections of thin segments of the loop of Henle, which are lined by simple squamous epithelium. Throughout the medulla there are plenty of cut sections of collecting ducts lined by simple cuboidal epithelium. Ureter: Ureter is consisting of 3 layers. Mucous coat: Mucous membrane is thrown into longitudinal folds giving the lumen a star shaped appearance. It is lined by transitional epithelium. Lamina propria is made up of connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers and lymphocytes. Muscle coat: In the upper 2/3 of the ureter it is made up of inner longitudinal and outer circular layer of smooth muscles. In the lower 1/3 there is an additional layer of outer longitudinal coat. Adventitia: It is the outermost coat made up of the connective tissue and blood vessels. Urinary bladder: Mucous coat: It is highly folded and is lined by transitional epithelium, which is about 3-6 layers in thickness. Lamina propria contains collagen and elastic fibers, capillaries and many nuclei of fibroblasts. Muscule coat: The smooth muscles of the bladder are known as detrusor muscles. They run in all directions (transverse, longitudinal and oblique) with plenty of interstitial connective tissue in between the bundles of muscle fibers. Adventitia: In the major part of the bladder the outermost layer is adventitia with connective tissue fibers and blood vessels. In a small part it is formed by the serosa.