Reactive Airway Disease PDF

Reactive Airway Disease Jefferson B. Borcelas, RN MANc CON – Faculty Asthma It is a chronic lung disease that causes narrowing and inflammation of the airways Specifically the bronchi and bronchioles It has no cure but it can be managed Asthma Cause...

Reactive Airway Disease Jefferson B. Borcelas, RN MANc CON – Faculty Asthma It is a chronic lung disease that causes narrowing and inflammation of the airways Specifically the bronchi and bronchioles It has no cure but it can be managed Asthma Causes and Key Factors it is not fully known Here are some of the key factors and triggers associated with asthma: 1.Genetics 2.Environmental Factors: 1. Exposure to Tobacco Smoke 2. Air Pollution 3. Occupational Exposures 3.Respiratory Infections 4.Physical Activity 5.Stress 6.Medications 7.Weather Conditions Asthma Asthma Signs and Symptoms Early Shortness of Breath Easily fatigue with physical activity Frequent cough Irritable Wheezing with activity Active Chest tightness Wheezing Coughing Dyspnea Tachypnea Retractions Asthma Signs and Symptoms Late Hypoventilation Diminished breath sounds Pulsus paradoxus EMERGENCY: STATUS ASTHMATICUS Asthma Diagnostics Pulmonary Function Test Peak End Expiratory Flow Rate is a measure of how fast a person can exhale air from their lungs. It is typically used to monitor the function of the airways and is especially helpful in managing asthma and other respiratory conditions Asthma Peak Expiratory Flow Meter Asthma Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Stand or sit upright Put the flow meter at the lowest value Inhale deeply Put the mouthpiece at the mouth and create a seal with the lips Exhale as quickly and forcibly as possible then record it Repeat 2 more times with a break of 5-10 seconds Record the highest of the 3 attempts Asthma Medications Bronchodilators Beta Agonist Albuterol/Salbutamol (Short-acting) Salmeterol Anticholinergic Ipratropium(Short-Acting Tiotropium(Long-acting) Asthma Medication Corticosteriods Methylprednisolone Hydrocortisone Fluticasone Budesonide Beclomethasone Asthma Medications Leukotrienes modifiers Montelukast Asthma Nursing Responsibilities Assessment of the symptoms of asthma Medication management Patient Education Avoid the triggers Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pulmonary disease that causes chronic obstruction of airflow from the lungs It has limited airflow Inability to fully exhale Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Causes and Risk Factors Environmental Factors Smoking Chemical Exposure Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Types 1. Chronic Bronchitis Chronic inflammation of the bronchi “Blue Bloaters” 2. Emphysema Abnormal distention of the alveoli and loss of lung recoil “Pink Puffers” Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Signs and Symptoms 1. Chronic Bronchitis (Blue Bloaters) Cough (productive and persistent) Dyspnea Wheezing Polycythemia Cyanosis Clubbing of Fingers Weight Gain Edema Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Signs And Symptoms 2. Emphysema (Pink Puffers) Weight loss Progressive dyspnea Flattened Diaphragm Barrel Chest Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Medical Management Main goal is to improve gas exchange Hooking to PPV (BiPAP) Administration of Medication Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Medications Corticosteroids Prednisone Budesonide/Formoterol (Symbicort) Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Medication Bronchodilators Beta Agonist Salbutamol Anticholinergic Ipratropium(Atrovent) Tiotropium(Spiriva) Methylxanthines Theophylline Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Nursing Intervention Stop Smoking Assess Respiratory Status Lung Sounds Sputum production Oxygen Levels Low flow Oxygen Only Pursed lip breathing or diaphragmatic breathing High fowlers position Health Education Diet (high protein and calorie) Reverse Isolation Vaccination (Flu Vax) Cystic Fibrosis Genetic disorder that causes exocrine glands to work incorrectly It produces thick-sticky mucus It’s caused by a mutation of a protein involved in the production of your sweat, mucus and digestive fluids Cystic Fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis Risk Factors Caucasians Males Genetics Cystic Fibrosis Signs and symptoms A persistent cough that produces thick mucus (sputum) Wheezing Exercise intolerance Repeated lung infections Inflamed nasal passages or a stuffy nose Recurrent sinusitis Cystic Fibrosis Causes In cystic fibrosis, a defect in a gene the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene changes a protein that regulates the movement of salt in and out of cells The result is thick, sticky mucus in the respiratory, digestive and reproductive systems, as well as increased salt in sweat Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis Newborn Screening Sweat Test The sweat test measures the amount of chloride (a component of salt) in the sweat. There are no needles involved in this test. Sweat testing is painless and lasts less than an hour. Sweat testing is the most reliable test for cystic fibrosis. Cystic Fibrosis Medical Management There is no cure for cystic fibrosis, but treatment can ease symptoms, reduce complications and improve quality of life Treatment Goal Preventing and controlling infections that occur in the lungs Removing and loosening mucus from the lungs Providing adequate nutrition Cystic Fibrosis Medications Mucolytics Antibiotics Anti-inflammatory Cystic Fibrosis Nursing Intervention Health Teaching Chest physiotherapy Huff Coughing NIPPV “Ignite the mind’s spark to rise the SUN in you” -Florence Nightingale