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TYPE-1 QUESTION FOR OBJECTIVE MARKS CHAPTER -1 Mahatma Gandhi Birth - 2 October 1869 Death - 30 January 1948 Original Name - Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Also known as Father of the Nation and Bapu Lawyer, politician, writer and activist Led the Indian Independence Movement a...
TYPE-1 QUESTION FOR OBJECTIVE MARKS CHAPTER -1 Mahatma Gandhi Birth - 2 October 1869 Death - 30 January 1948 Original Name - Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Also known as Father of the Nation and Bapu Lawyer, politician, writer and activist Led the Indian Independence Movement and Nonviolent resistance Famous Works - The Story of My Experiments with Truth He was more a spiritual leader than a politician. Indian civilization and culture is an essay which has been written by Mahatma 'Mind is a restless bird' has been taken from by Indian civilization and culture, CHAPTER -2 Awarded Bharat Ratna and Padma Vibhushan Bharat is my home is a speech delivered by Zakir Hussain. Dr. Zakir was born in 1897 (Hyderabad). He says, " The past is not dead and static, it is alive and dynamic. The oath is loyalty to the constitution of India. He says," The whole of Bharat is my home and its people are my family. "Education is the instrument of national purpose" taken from Bharat is my home. India has been called the young state of an ancient people. Zakir Hussain entered the office in a spirit of prayerful Humanity. Power should be used for moral purposes. The word 'Erudition' stands for great knowledge. The Indian culture is the best example of unity in diversity Dr.Hussain served as the governor of Bihar. Dr.Hussain was a great nationalist Dr. Radha Krishnan is the role model of Hussain. CHAPTER-3 Manohar Malgonkar Birth - 12 July 1913 Death - 14 June 2010 An Indian author in the English language Also an army officer, a mine owner and a farmer Famous Works - The Men Who Killed Gandhi, Spy in Amber, The Devil's Wind A pinch of snuff is a humourous story written by Manohar Malgaonkar. Malgoankar is a well known novelists and story writer. His important works are Distant Drum, The princes, A bend in the Ganges, Bombay beware. A pinch of snuff is a story taken from 'contemporary Indian short stories in English Nanukaka has come to Delhi to see some ministers. He took out his cheque book and write a cheque for a thousand rupees. Ratiram is the son of Sohanlal Ratiram. Nanukaka had gone to Delhi to attend Zamindars convention. Ratiram has a garnish yellow sports car. Manohar Malgoankar went to minister in Jodhpur coat. Nanukaka managed to travel in 2nd class on a ticket of 3rd class. Nanukaka went to the Auto sikka dealers. Ministers are two step higher than God. Nanukaka has taken out a pinch of snuff. Nanukaka uses swear words in Marathi. He bump into an enormous marwari woman who had her head covered in Burka. Nanukaka tied a huge orange turban round my head. Nanukaka has a silver snuff box. Nanukaka was installed in author's bedroom. Nanukaka was the narrator's maternal uncle. Nanukaka had planned to meet to welfare minister. Nanukaka has to meet a minister in the North Block. Nanukaka had a snuff box and Angochha. Nanukaka was to stay for two or three days. Naukaka's chauffer was Manohar Malgoankar. CHAPTER -4 Martin Luther King, Jr Birth -January 15, 1929 Death - April 4, 1968 An American Baptist minister and activist Youngest man to receive Nobel prize at the age of 35 Famous Works - I Have a Dream, Stride Toward Freedom: Strength to Love, The Trumpet of Conscience His important works are: strength to love, stride towards freedom, The Montgomery I have a Dream is a speech that was delivered on the steps of Lincon memorial in He says," My children will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content Mississippi is an American state/river that is sweltering with the heat of injustice and ( a) One day we will free. Little black boys and black girls will be able to joins hands CHAPTER -5 Birth - 18 May 1872 Death - 2 February 1970 A British polymath, philosopher, logician, writer, social critic, political activist Awarded Sylvester Medal, Nobel Prize in Literature, Kalinga Prize, Jerusalem Prize Famous Works - Justice in War-time, Principles of Social Reconstruction, A Free man's worship Bertrand Russell was a British Mathematician, Philosopher. He was awarded with Nobel Prize in literature in 1950. His works are: Why am I not a Christian, Marriage and Morals, Roads to freedom. Fire is the milestone in human progress. Birds die of hunger in large numbers during the winter. Civilizations have taught us to be more friendly towards one another. Homo spines was a very rare species. The word development is related to Man. The word pictorial was related to early man with writing. The invention of agriculture was more important than domestication of animals. CHAPTER -6 Shiga Naoya Birth - 20 February 1883 Death - 21 October 1971 A Japanese novelist and short storywriter Awarded the Order of Culture by the Japanese government in 1949 Famous Works – At Kinosaki, In the case of Sasak The Artist has been written by Shiga Naoya. Seibei was 12 years Japanese boy. Seibei used to polish the gourd under the table in classroom. The artist is a short story by a Japanese writer. Seibei's father smashed the gourd into pieces. Tea leaves applied to get rid of the unpleasant smell from the gourd. The price of the 5 inches gourd is 10 yen. (Yen is a Japanese currency) The porter sold the gourd for 50 yen. The curio dealer sold the gourd for 600 Yen. Seibei lived in a harbour town. Seibei's hobby was gourd collecting and polishing. One could walk from one end of the town to another in 20 minutes. Seibei is the main character of the story 'The Artist'. Seibei likes even and symmetrical gourd. Seibei studies at primary school. The teacher shouted "You are an idiot". CHAPTER -7 Germaine Greer Birth - 29 January 1939 An Australian writer and public intellectual Major voices of the radical feminist movement in the latter half of the 20th century Famous Works - The Female Eunuch, Sex and Destiny: The Politics of Human Fertility, The Change A child is born is an essay which has been written by an Australian writer, Germaine Greer. Her well known works: Sex and Destiny The politics of human fertility, The change. A child is born has been adopted from her book 'sex and Destiny The politics of human fertility' An Indian woman visits her mother's house during pregnancy. Rupthoka is a fairy tales in Bangladesh. A pregnant woman has to observe various taboos, rituals and customs. Naming ceremony is held when the baby is 7 days old. Sylheti woman goes to her mother's house during pregnancy. According to Greer, A women don't be a member of their family untill they have born a child. The whole matter of pregnancy is a celebration. A new dress is brought for baby and a sari for the mother In Bengladesh, the Aunt told Rupthoka tales to the children. Sheila Kitzinger visited an enormous modern hospital for Bantu patients in South Africa. During pregnancy the best place for the woman is mother's house. When a baby is born, It is an occasion of joy for the whole family. The hospital was very uncooperative about breast feeding. Garlands of turmeric and garlic were given to a new baby. In Bengladesh, children under the age of five or six are looked after by the whole family. The birth celebration is held for boys and girls both. CHAPTER -8 Dorothy Leigh Sayers Birth - 13 June 1893 Death - 17 December 1957 An English crime writer and poet best known for her mysteries, a series of novels and short stories Famous Works - Clouds of Witness, Unnatural Death, Nine Tailors, Gaudi Night How free is the press is an essay which has been written by Dorothy L. Sayers. Dorothy L. Sayers was born in 1893 and she is the first woman who graduate from Oxford University in 1915. Her works include in cloud of witness, unnatural death, Nine tailors, Gaudi nights. Every newspaper lives in a perpetual precarious balance. Proprietor of the newspaper has personal interest. Fact is a deity invoked by the people. The British press is under ordinary conditions, singularly free. Politicians are careful not to antagonise the press. In democracy, the freedom of press is necessary. The state is the servant of the people. The policy of newspapers is already determined by the proprietor. The author makes a strong case against the misuse of the freedom of the press. Restrictions are normally placed upon the press in the time of war. A free and fair press is the true watch dog of Democracy. Censorship is imposed during emergency. Sensational headlines is the charged by the Author. CHAPTER -9 Herbert Ernest Bates Birth -16 May 1905 Death - 29 January 1974 An English writer and author Famous Works - Love for Lydia, The Darling Buds of May, and My Uncle Silas. The Earth is a short story which has been written by H.E. Bates. He was born in Northampton in England (1905-1974). His works included in: The purple plain, The Jacaranda tree, The scarlet sward, The darling bud of May. The Earth is a story about a farmer, Johnson and his son Benjy, a simple minded boy. Benjy left school at the age of fourteen years. Johnson has four acre land, a plough, a cart and tools. Ten or dozens eggs are kept by Benjy. When Benjy will be 21 years old, the bank will give interest on it. Sanders was the real owner of Land. Benjy's parents didn't love Florence because of her Grey eyes. Florence is the wife of Benjy. His hens were producing an average of 200 eggs. Benjy's father handed him passbook at the age of 21. The doctor gives advice the Johnson couple for mental growth and development of the mind is - give some occupation. For many years, Benjy's father has been a preacher. Benjy married Florence at the age of 40. Benjy told his parents to eat in the kitchen. Benjy drives his parents from their home and leaves on the pavements. CHAPTER -10 Pearl Sydenstricker Buck Birth - June 26, 1892 Death - March 6, 1973 An American writer and novelist Also known as Sai Zhenzhu Awarded Pulitzer Prize 1932 and Nobel Prize in Literature 1938 Famous Works - A House Divided, China Sky, The Child Who Never Grew, India through a traveller's eye is an essay which has been written by an American writer, Pearl S. Buck. She won the noble prize for literature in 1931. Her works are: The God's earth, come my beloved. India through a traveller's eye is adopted from 'my several words'. Kashmir was invaded by white barbarian invaders. The main quality of a leader is selflessness. Pearl S. Buck visited India to see the farmers (peasants) in villages and young intellectuals in cities. India had to teach the west was humanity. Pearl S. Buck came to know about India through Buddhism. For all the ills of India, the writers blames the English rulers. India through a traveller's eye gives a real picture of India and its people. The lesson of non-violence should be learned from India. According to Pearl, the life span in India is only 27 years. Pearl. S. Buck advised to the Indian not to blame to the Britishers for everything. The great lesson that India had to teach to the west was its culture and traditions. A young Indian friend of the writer was married to a Kashmiri Man. The family doctor of Pearl S. Buck belonged to India. Our food was served on fresh green banana leaves instead plate. CHAPTER -11 Anton Chekhov Birth - 29 January 1860 Death - 15 July 1904 A Russian playwright and short-storywriter Considered to be among the greatest writers of short fiction in history Famous Works - Three Sisters, Uncle Vanya and The Cherry Orchard Antov Chekhov was a dramatist of Russia and doctor by profession. His important works: Uncle Vanya, The three sisters and The cherry orchard. A marriage proposal is a comedy and one act play. Lomov was the neighbour of Choobookov. Natalia was the daughter of Choobookov. Ox Meadows is a field of forty acres. Lomov loves Natalia and wants to marry with her. Natalia's dog name is leap and Lomov's dog name is guess. Mr. Steapn stepanovich chookoov is land owner. Lomov got a heart condition with palpitations all the time. Lomov says that he is having a heart failure. Lomov's dog has two defects he is old and his muzzle is too short. Lomov has come to ask for his daughter Natalia's hand for marriage. Natalia and Lomov are quarrelling for ox Meadows. The ownership of ox Meadows is disputed between Natalia and Lomov. POEM SECTION CHAPTER -1 About Author Writer Name – John Donne ( Metaphysical) Born – 22nd January 1572 (London) Died – 31st March 1631 Occupation – Poet, Priest, Lawyer His wife – Anne More His work – The Sun Rising, Essays in Divinity He was born in London into a prosperous Roman Catholic family. England was anti - catholic. John Donne was forced to leave Oxford without a degree, because of his religion. He studied law and read theology. He was briefly sent to prison for secretly marrying his patron’s niece. He is well- known Songs and Sonnets, Satires, Elegies and Sermons. Sweetest love I Do Not Goe is a lyric which has been composed by John Donne. John Donne is a metaphysical poet belongs to England. He is well known for his song and sonnets, satires, and the elegies and sermons. John Donne is going to Germany leaving his beloved. He wants to go away because he is not tired of his beloved. Donne says," Death is certain". John Donne is a British poet/ English poet. He was forced to leave Oxford university without a degree. He will make quicker journey than the Sun. According to the poet, The Sun has no desire nor sense He wants to gladly accept death. John Donne was born in 1572 and died in 1631. The poet intends to go on a longer journey than the Sun. According to the poet, Man's power is very weak. The poet compares his journey with the Sun. The meaning of weariness is tiredness. CHAPTER -2 Name – Walt Whitman Born – 31 May ,1819 U.S (New York ) Died – 26 March 1892 (U.S ) His occupation – Poet , Essayist , Journalist His age – 72 , Carpenter – His age 12. Parents – Walter Whitman & Louisa Van Velsor Whitman He worked as a printer, teacher, editor, volunteer during civil war He is well – known People’s poet. Theme – Idea of self His famous works – Leaves of Grass(1855) , Drum Taps (1866) He is an American Poet. Original poem consists of 52 sections. Section 1 is given in this poem. He is called the father of free verse. Total lines - 13 It is a collection of poetry. It was the first edition published in 1855 with 12 poems. It was the last edition published in 1892 with 400 poems. Song of myself is a poem which has been composed by an American poet, Walt Whitman. He was born in 1819 and died in 1892. His works collected in 'Leaves of grass' and Drum Taps. The poet of song of myself sings for himself. Walt Whitman is known as people's poet. He says," Every atom of blood is the same in all beings". Hoping to cease not till death is a line from Song of myself. The poet was 37 years old, when he was healthy. Nature without check with original energy. The speaker of this poem is the poet, himself. According to the poet, Death is inevitable. In this poem, Nature's beauty has been described 'I' in the first line of the poem, is for the poet, Walt Whitman. CHAPTER- 3 Full name – Wystan Hugh Auden Born – 21 February 1907 (England) Died – 29 September 1973 (Austria) Education – M. A (Oxford) Autumn song 20 lines poem divided into five stanza Rhyming Scheme for each quatrain –AABB Theme – Downfall of society and death He was an Anglo American poet. He was a versatile poet, verse dramatist ,critic,translator editor. His prizes – Pulitzer Prize 1948 for The Age of Anxiety. He was left England in 1939. He shifts in United States. His work is divided into two phase ,British and American. It is a lyrical poem. There are five stanza in this poem. ▪ The notable works of British phase – The Orators, The Dance of Death, Look Stranger , Spain , Another Time. ▪ The notable works of American Phase – New Year Letter, For the Time Being , The Age of Anxiety, The Shield of Achilles. Now the leaves are falling fast is a poem which has been composed by W.H. Auden. He won the Pulitzer prize in 1948 for his book, The age of anxiety. His important works are The orators, The dance of death, look stranger, another time new year letter. Flowers are signifying that nothing is everlasting/eternal. The word trolls means wicked persons or bad persons. Trolls are searching for food. Death freezes our hands. White waterfalls has could bless the travellers, The nightingale has become dumb to see the leafless tree. The prams go rolling on that suggests the continuity of life. The word Pram means a three or four wheeler wooden toy. Whispering neighbours means the messenger of death or the agents of death. The poet says," human life is no better than death. The travellers are old or sick people moving towards their death. Trees sheds their leaves in autumn. Whispering neighbours disturbs the real delight of aging persons. The falling of leaves refers the speed arrival of death. His important works are The orators, The dance of death, look stranger, another time new year letter. CHAPTER -4 Name – John Keats Born – 31 October 1795 in Moorgate (London) Died – 23 February 1821 in Rome, cause of TB His parents – Thomas Keats ,Frances Jennings His father died after falling off his horse in 1804. His first volume of poetry entitled “Poems” published in 1817. His poem “Endymion” was appreciated by Wordsworth. This poem was composed on 19 Sep 1819 and published in 1820. Ode by John Keats Keats wrote the first five poems Ode on a Grecian Urn Ode on Indolence Ode on Melancholy Ode to a Nightingale Ode to Psyche He composed “ To Autumn “ in September. In this poem John Keats describes the three stages of Autumn. Maturation of crops to the harvest and to the last days of Autumn when winter is nearing. Ode to Autumn is an ode which has been composed by John Keats. John Keats is a romantic English poet. He was born at Moonfields, London in England. He died of tuberculosis in 1821 at the age of 26. His important poems are: Endymion, on indolence, Two a nightingale, Ode to Autumn. "A thing of beauty is a joy forever" has been written by John Keats. Autumn is the close bosom friend of the maturing Sun. Autumn is the season of mellow fruitfulness. Autumn starts after the departure of summer. 'And gathering swallow twitter in the sky ' has been taken from Ode to Autumn. In this poem, Autumn has been personified as a lady. CHAPTER -5 Birth – 25 April 1873 Charlton in Kent,(England) Death – 22 June 1956 (England) Occupation – Poet, Short story writer, Novelist His famous work – The Listeners, , Songs for Children ,Peacock Pie. He was a poet of children. Queen Elizabeth II honoured him with the Order of Merit in 1953. About Poem Memoir Poem 8 Lines Poem Theme – Death and Effect of Time Best remembered for his works for children. He lost his father at age of four and had to to move with his family to London An epitaph is a short poem which has been composed by Walter De La Mare. He is a well known poet, novelist and short story writer. The poem is about a beautiful lady who is now no more. In this poem, the poet describes the beauty of woman. His important works are Peacock pie and songs for children. He has composed a number of poems for children. He is known as the poet of children. Walter De la Mare loves a lady who is the most beautiful. The lady belongs to the west country. 'Here lies a most beautiful lady' taken from An epitaph. Epitaph means an inscription on a tomb in the memory of dead people. Walter De la mare knew a lady who was the most beautiful. The poet thinks that the beauty is not everlasting. The poet fells that after his death nobody will remember. The word crumble used in the poem means to die. The tone of the poem, An epitaph is melancholy. CHAPTER -6 Rupert Brooke ( War Poet ) Born –3 August 1887 Academic family (England) Death –23 April 1915 (His age – 27) Cause of Death – Septicaemia, Aegean Sea of the Island , Skyros His Education – Kings’s College , Cambridge , He was inspired patriotism in early phase of WW1. W.B Yeats describes him as the handsomest young man in England ,The poem captures the patriotic mood. The soldier is a sonnet which has been composed by Rupert Brooke. Rupert Brooke was an English/British poet. He is remembered as a war poet. The first eight lines is octave and the last six lines is sestet. The poet loves his country, England very much. He always praises his country, England. The place where the soldier would be buried, should be treated as the part of England. The speaker is not afraid of death. The soldier is a patriotic poem. The images and praises of England run through both the stanzas The word 'concealed' stands for hidden in this poem. Rupert Brooke was born in 1887 and died in 1915. CHAPTER -7 Thomas Stearns Eliot Birth - 26 September 1888 Death - 4 January 1965 An American-born British poet, essayist, publisher, playwright, literary critic Awarded Nobel Prize in Literature and Order of Merit in 1948. Famous Works - The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, The Waste Land, Four Quartets, Murder in the Cathedral T.S. Eliot has composed the poem, Macavity: The mystery cat. T.S Eliot is the greatest poet of 20th century. He has a pet cat named Macavity. He was awarded by the nobel prize for literature in 1948. His best known poems are The waste land, Ash Wednesday and four quarters. Macavity The mystery cat has been taken from his book Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats. Macacity is called the hidden paw. Macavity is a ginger cat, he is tall and thin. Macavity is called criminal by the poet Macavity is compared to Napoleon by the poet. T.S. Eliot, American poet was born in 1888 and died in 1965. This is a humorous poem. Mugojerrie and Griddlebone are also cats. CHAPTER -8 Keki N. Daruwalla Birth - 1937 * An Indian poet and short story writer in English Awarded Sahitya Akademi Award (1984), Padma Sri (2014) Famous Works - Apparition, Keeperof the Dead, In Morning Dew Fire Hymn is a poem which has been composed by Keki N. Daruwala. He was awarded by Sahitya Akademi award and common wealth poetry award. His important works are: under Orion, crossing of rivers. He was a Parsi/Zoroastrian from religion. It was the father of the poet along with him passing by the cremation ghat. Tower of silence is related to Parsi. The redness of fire appears cruel to the speaker. The fire forgets its dead because sometimes it leaves the dead body half burnt. Keki N. Daruwala consigned his new born to flames. The first born child was consigned to fire under compulsion. The poet sees the red hot embers on the burning ghat. The poet expresses a scene of burning ghat which is fearful. The sight of burning ghat becomes frightening at night. The burning ghat is littered with bones and ashes. The speaker in this poem swears two times. CHAPTER -9 Snake is a symbolic poem which has been composed by D.H.Laweence. He was one of the greatest novelists, poets, short story writers and essayists of 20th century. He was born in 1885 and died in 1930. D.H. Lawrence is a British/English Poet. His works are: The white peacock, Sons and lovers and The rainbow. The poet had gone to the water through (Water body) to drink water. He had a pitcher in his hand to fill with water. The speaker (Poet) considered himself a second comer. It was the hot day when the poet saw the snake. A Carobtree (an european tree) is mentioned in this poem. Etna is a volcano in the country named Sicily. Albatross is a sea bird mentioned in the poem. It is believed that a black snake if seen anywhere must be killed in Sicily. The poet was in trousers due to excessive heat. The poet compares the snake to a sea bird, Albatross. The snake seemed like a king in exile. CHAPTER -10 My grandmother's house is a lyric which has been composed by an Indian poetess, Kamala Das. Kamala Das was born in 1934 and nominated for Nobel prize in literature. Her important works are: Summer in Kolkata, Sirens, Only saint knows how to sing. Kamala Das recalls those happy days spent in the sweet company of her grandmother. The snakes were seen in grandmother's house. Kamala Das is talking about her grandmother who is now no more. She noticed a dog behind the door of the bedroom. My grandmother's house is a Autobiography poem by Kamala Das. The speaker of this poem is Kamala Das. 'I' in the second line of the poem is for herself Kamala Das. The house went into silence because the poetess' grandmother died. Summary of Prose :- 1. Indian Civilization and Culture Indian Civilization and Culture is an essay which has been written by Mahatma Gandhi. In this Essay, Mahatma Gandhiji talks about Indian civilization and culture. He compares Indian civilization with Western culture. The given extract tells us that Indian civilization holds an extraordinary rank among all the cultures. According to Gandhiji, Indian civilization is the most ancient and the longest civilization of the world. It has many features to spend a happy full life. Civilization is the way of conduction which guides us to do our duty. Many scholars learn things from it. So, our civilization is the most superior to all. We don't need to copy of western civilization. He also talks about the mind and sense of human beings. He says that Mind is a restless bird, the more it gets, the more it wants. Still, It remains always unsatisfied. So, we should never indulge in our passions and desires because these things makes us artificial. These passions and desires make our mind uncontrolled. Further he also says that modern civilization is the worship of material and It suits only the west. "Simple Living and high thinking" suits to Indian civilization. 2. I Have a Dream 'I have a dream' is an unforgettable speech which has been delivered by Martin Luther King on the steps of Lincoln memorial in Washington. In this speech, he talks about hopes and dreams of all American Negroes who have been struggling for their rights and freedom. According to the Speaker, there is still strong racial discrimination, hatred and inequalities among American people. The negroes are tortured, neglected and hated by White Americans. These people are forced to live with poverty. Further he also says that we will return to our homes with hopes soon. The new sun will rise with rays of liberty, equality, peace and brotherhood. He has a dream that Racial and colour discrimination will weaken the foundation of America. His dream is to bring the freedom, justice and equality. He has a hope to disappear all discrimination and inequalities. He hopes that one day all the whites and the blacks will walk together, live together, sit together. Lastly, He also hopes that one day we will hear the sweet music of liberty, justice, and equality to all Americans. 3. Ideas That Have Helped Mankind Ideas That Have Helped Mankind' is an essay which has been written by the great British writer and philosopher Bertrand Russell. Bertrand Russell talks about the ideas that have helped mankind that makes a man civilized. According to the Author, there are two broad categories of ideas that have helped mankind. The ideas which helped human being with knowledge and skills and secondary with their moral and politics. The ideas played a vital role in the grown of our civilization that made our life more secure. It resulted in the population of exposition and starvation. We still fight with one another in the name of religion, caste and nation due to our emotional feelings. The invention of fire proved a milestone. The domestication of animals, the development of language, the cultivation and the art of writing made us rise from our wild state to our civilized state. However, we have to get victory over fear, worry and starvation to make the people happier, peaceful and fearless. 4. A child is Born A Child is Born is a prose which has been written by an Australian writer named Germaine Greer. Here, She describes many differences between a traditional and modern society in the matters of pregnancy and how to celebrate the birth of the child in societies? According to the author, a pregnant woman has go to her mother's house to get delivered her child. She has to stay there for at least three months. When the child is seven days old, a new dress is brought both for the child and his mother. In traditional society, the childbirth is celebrated as a ceremony. Many people attend this party with some gifts to see the child and to congratulate that mom. While In modern western society, pregnant woman has to take care of herself under the guidance of nurses and doctors. These ways are collectively and culturally accepted. No doubt, Modern methods have reduced mortality of mother during childbirth. The whole process has become mechanical. Childbirth, no longer remains a family but a celebration. "The Earth" is a very fine story which has been written by an English writer named H.E. Bates. This story focuses the tragedy of those parents who have too much trust in their children. In the present story Johnson is a tenant farmer. He had some land and a simple minded son named, Benjy. His parents all the time worry about his well being. He takes him to a doctor who suggests him to start a business of poultry farming. Benjy works hard and soon becomes a very rich person in his area. He learned all the tricks of the trade. He began to earn money by selling eggs. He also deposited a lot of money in bank account that his father had opened in his name. He purchased the land that belonged to Sanders. When Benjy was about forty, he married a girl named Florence against the wishes of his parents. Florence did not like Benjy's parents. So, she started poisoning his ears against parents. Believing his wife, Benjy drove away his parents out of their house. Clearly, we see that too much trust of his son became the root cause of the tragedy of Johnson. 6. A marriage Proposal "A Marriage Proposal" is an interesting and entertaining play which has been written by a famous dramatist and story-writer of Russia, Anton Chekhov. In this play, the three characters are Choobookov, Natalia and Lomov. In this play, Lomov and Choobookov are fast friends. Lomov loves Natalia who was the daughter of his friend Choobookov. So, Lomov wants to marry Choobookov's daughter but he does not dare to put the proposal of marriage-proposal before Natalia. Natalia's father, Choobookov also wants his daughter to marry Lomov but he does not find a way how to make his daughter agree with this proposal. One day Lomov comes at the house of his friend Choobookov and tells everything the marriage of Natalia and him. Choobookov becomes very happy to know about this marriage proposal. Soon Natalia and Lomov start quarrelling over the superiority of their dogs leap and guess and a piece of land belonging to Lomov. Having heard the shout, Choobookov becomes a friend and pretends to be dying and appeals to Lomov and Natalia to accept the marriage proposal. Lastly, Natalia accepts the feeling of her dying father and puts the marriage proposal before Lomov and he also accepts it immediately. Natalia's father Choobookov comes to his sense and becomes happy that my daughter is going to marry a wealthy man and with my friend Lomov. 7. Song Of Myself:- 'Song of Myself' is a poem which has been composed by Walt Whitman. In this poem, Walt Whitman tells about himself. He enjoys and sings for himself. According to the poet, his tongue and every atom of his blood is made of American soil and air. He also says that every atom of blood is the same in all human beings. He welcomes his life whether it is good or bad and says that he will go on singing till his death. He also says that Whatever they are, they are sufficient and they should never be forgotten completely. He is ready for every danger in his life. Further, He adds that life is full of He adds that difficulties and happiness as well. This is the greatest gift which has been given by God. Finally he says that he wants to follow nature completely as It is a great source of energy. 8. Now the leaves are falling fast :- "Now the leaves are falling fast" is one of the finest lyric poems which has been composed by the modern poet W.H Auden. In this poem, the poet talks about the life cycle of human beings. "Now the leaves are fallings fast" suggests us about the process of death and human problems like the falling fast of leaves. Human beings are going to their grave very fast due to suffering and diseases. According to the poet, human desires are unlimited and these desires are not fulfilled in the whole life. So, People show the feelings of fake love to one another. He also says that the messenger of death comes to snatch the real delight of people. He believes that those people who are alive today will die tomorrow. Further, he adds that death is certain. Lastly, the poet compare our life with leafless forest. He considers that bad manners people are destroying the gentleman's life. Angle will not come to save them from these trolls. 9. An Epitaph An Epitaph is a short poem which has been composed by Walter De La Mare. In this poem, the poet talks about the beauty of a woman who is no more. The poet is standing at the grave of that woman and remembers her beauty. He says that a beautiful woman is lying in this grave. She had the habit of moving here and there but no desires. According to the poet, she was the most beautiful woman of west country. He also says that the beauty will vanish with the passage of time. The poet is worry that after his death no one will remember her beauty. He loved her so much. Clearly, I mean to say that truly, this is a beautiful poem of love. We cannot live without love. 10. Macavity: The Mystery Cat:- 'Macavity: The Mystery Cat is a humorous poem which has been composed by T.S.Eliot. In this poem, the poet talks about a clever cat which is a master of crime. The poet says that Macavity is a mystery cat. He (Male cat) is called Hidden paw because he is a master criminal. He knowns thousands of trick to commit a crime. He never leaves any clue on crime scene. According to the poet, Macavity is very tall and thin. His head is round like a dome and eyes are sunken. His whiskers are uncombed and body is dusty. Sometimes, He moves his head like a snake. It seems that it is half-sleep but he is always wide awake. If you search him, you will find him sitting at by streets or at the squares. He steals food from the kitchen, drink milk and break the window glass. The poet adds that Macavity is no longer seen there though It is involved in that crime. Finally, The poet says that Macavity is the leader of gang of the criminal cats so, He is called Napoleon of crime. 11. Fire Hymn :- 'Fire Hymn' is a good poem which has been composed by Indo-Anglian poet, Keki N. Daruwalla. In this poem, the poet talks about a fearful burning ghat where dead are burnt. Daruwalla says that the burning ghat looks very frightful to the passer-by in moonlight. It produces lights still after the cremation. The fire swallowed every thing. Sometimes, he sees half burnt fingers of a dead on the ghat. So, he says fire is not able to complete its task completely. Here he swears that he would never again allow the fire to commit such mistake. Further, the poet remembers that accident which happened twenty years ago. Unfortunately, the poet's first child dies and he has to cremate his dead son. The tower of silence is very far where dead of Parsi are cremated. he does not like the practise of burning body into fire. When fire is consuming his son's dead body, the poet hears the fire. Finally, the fire has forgiven his committed sin by violating Parsi. At last, he swears that he would never violate his Parsi religion. 12. My Grandmother's House 'My Grand Mother's House' is a beautiful poem which has been composed by Indian famous poetess, Kamala Das. In this poem, she talks about grandmother's house where she received love and affection. Once she lived with her grandmother during her childhood. She received love from her. She remembers those days and that very old house. She misses her grandmother's love and affection. She also wants to sit inside that house and listen the sound of cold winter wind to revive the past memories. Further she says that she is proud of her grandmother's house. Now she yearns for that love and affection which she got from her grandmother during her childhood. She enjoyed unrestrained liberty there. Her heart remains unsatisfied for that love and affection. Even though her grand mother is dead yet she feels her presence in imagination. In this poem, Kamala Das succeeds in conveying her feelings through this small poem. Short Answer Questions:- 1. Why is Mahatma Gandhi thankful to modern civilization? Ans. Gandhi jee is no hater of the west. He has learnt many thing from west, so he is thankful to the west. 2. How did our ancestors view large cities? Why were they satisfied with small villages? Ans. Our ancestors viewed large cities as snares and useless encumbrances.There are many gangs of theives, robbers and prostituates. Their village fulfilled all their needs. So they were satisfied with small villages. 3. How did our ancestors enjoy true Home Rule? Ans. They don't like courts and lawyers. They settled their disputes without going to courts. They needed no intervention by the police or courts. In this way they enjoyed true Home Rule. 4. On what occasion did Zakir Hussain deliver the speech? Ans. He delivered the speech in 1967. On that day he was taking the Oath as president. 5. The past is not dead and static' who says this and why? Ans.- Dr. Zakir Hussain says that the past is not dead and static. According to him, Past is still alive and dynamic. It determines the quality of our present and the prospects of our future. India is a new state of ancient people. 6. In what dress did the writer go to the Minister along with Nanukaka? Ans.-The writer went there wearing a Jodhpur coat. Nanukaka had tied a huge turban round his head. 7. What does Martin Luther say about the life of Negroes? Ans.-He says that the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discriminations. They still live on a lonely island of poverty. 8. What are the things needed to remove the discontent of the Negro Ans.-Freedom and equality are two required things to remove their discontent.They must be provided with equal opportunities for their development. 9. What was the condition of man in the beginning? Ans.-The condition of early man was miserable. His life was nomadic and lived in caves and jungles. He did not know how to cook food and eat. 10. "How has civilizatinon taught us to be more friendly towards one another ? Ans:- Civilization gave us a civilized life. We started to live in families and love. 11. What was the role of fire in our development? Ans-The invention of fire is a milestone in our development. We began to fry and cook our food. We also started to bake the breads and eat delicious food. This is the role of fire in human development. 12. How much had the curio-dealer pay to the porter and what amount he himself got from the wealthy collector for Seibei's gourd ? Ans.-The curio-dealer had to pay fifty yen to the porter but he himself got six hundred yen for the same from the wealthy collector. asad 1 13. Did seibei's father like his hobby? Ans:- Seibei's father did not like his hobby. 14. What kind of the gourd did Seibei like? Ans:- Seibei likes even and symmetrical gourd. 15. What was Johnsons advised by the doctors to ensure the mental growth of Benjy? Ans.-The doctor advised Benzy's parents to give a work to and suggested that Benjy should be allowed to keep hens. 16. What does Pearl S. Buck say about Indian peasants and their children? Ans:- She says that Indian farmers are poorer than their Chinese counterparts. They are poverty-stricken and their children are big bellied with sunken eyes, mere Skeltons. 17. Why was the land between Bombay and Madras famished? Ans.-The Bombay's land was famished for want of irrigation. There were not even handpumps and wells. The people had nothing to find water to irrigate their land. 18. What are the two defects that Choobookov finds in the dog of Lomov ? Ans.- Lomov's dog has two defects - old and muzzle is too short. 19.Who says that he will prove in the court that Ox meadows belongs to him? Ans.- Lomov says that he will prove in the court that the Ox-meadows belongs to him. 20. What are the names of the dogs of Natalia and Lomov? Ans.-Leap is the name of Nataliya's dog and Guess is the name of Lomov's dog. 21. Who syas, "I am having a heart-failure"? Ans.- Lomov says that he is having a heart failure because he is a man of nervous temperament. 22. What makes a man's power feeble? Ans.- A man can not add an hour in his life. He is helpless before death. 23. Explain its A fitter love for me'. Ans.-A fitter love' means a more suitable lover which the speaker argues, he does not desire for another. 24. How does the beloved waste the poet's life by weeping and sighing?Ans.-When his beloved sighs, the poet feels as if his soul is being mingled with the wind. When she weeps the poet's own blood decays. Thus, she is wasting her own life as well as the life of the poet. 25. What will make the poet's journey speedier? Ans.-It is the extreme love of his beloved that would make his return journey speedier than that of the sun. 26. What were the things the poetess found in that house? Ans- There were a large number of books in that house. There were some snakes. 27. Who showered love and affection on the poetess? Ans.- Her grandmother who showered love and affection on the poetess when she was young. 28. What kind of music does she want to hear sitting at the window of her grandmother's house? Ans. She loves to go to her grandmother's house and listen to the dreadful music of the blowing cold winter winds. 29. Who was the second comer? What did he do? Ans. The poet was the second comer. So, he waited and let the snake drink water first. 30. What is the belief prevaling in Sicily about snake? Ans.-It is believed that a black snake if seen anywhere, must be killed in Sicily. 31. In that rich earth a richer dust concealed' what does dust stand for Ans.-The poet thinks that man is made of dust and he returns to dust after his death. Here, the dust stands for the soldier who would be buried in that foreign country. 32. Who are the travellers' and how will they be blessed? Ans.-The travellers are human beings, old persons and moving towards our death. They will be blessed because they will hear the music being created by the white waterfalls. 33. What does the poet say about the leaves and what they suggest? Ans.-The poet says that the leaves are falling fast. They refer to the speedy arrival of old age and death. 34. Where does the lady lie? What does she look like ? Ans. The lady lies in the west Country. She is the most beautiful lady. 35. What is an epitaph? Ans.-An epitaph is an inscription on a tomb in memory of the dead. 36. What does the poet mean by "When I crumble ? Ans.-The poet means that he fears because he has become old and may die very soon. 37. Who was Seibei? What was his hobby? Ans:- Seibei was a 12 years old Japanese school going boy. His hobby is looking for the gourds in his hometown. He is fond of polishings and decorating the gourds. 38. How does the ghat appears to the common people? Ans: The burning ghat appears frightful to the passer-by in moonlight. It appears like a wandering ghost. Pieces of wood and stubs of bones are burning and still red lying there. 39. What is the fire's debauchery? Ans:- The fire swallow everything and turns them into grey and ashes or half burnt fingers. Sometimes, It doesn't perform its task completely, this is the fire's debauchery. 40. Why did he swears twice to save the fire from two different sins? Ans:- When the poet was child, his fingers clenched which a little knot of pain and swers that I will never see again the fire's debauchery. This is the first sin. And the second is when he broke the law of religion during cremating his first born.. 41. Macavity is never there Elaborate. Ans:- Macavity is a very cunning and deceitful cat. After commiting crime, he ran away from crime scene. He never found on the scene. It becomes a battlements for London police. 42. What happened when the poet dies? Ans:- When the poet dies, No one will remember the beauty of western lady. She was the most beautiful lady of western country. She attracts everyone. The poet is worry that One day beauty will vanish. 43. Fallings of leaves suggests the process of death and human waste on a large scale. Explain with reference to the poem. Ans: Falling of leaves suggests process of death of human beings. Humnan beings are going to their grave very fast due to suffering and diseases. Nothing will last long. Human life changes like weather. When weather changes the leaves falling down. In the same way human life also destroys and decays. 44. Who are strolls in the real world? Ans:- Bad mannered people are strolls in the poem Now leaves are falling fast. These kinds of people cheat gentle man.. As the world has deteriorated too much, no angel come to rescue it. Important Line Explanation of Poetry (1) O how feeble is mans power, That if good fortune fall, Cannot add another houre, Nor a lost houre recall! Ans :- These lines have been composed by a metaphysical poet, John Donne taken from"Sweetest love I don't goe". The poet says that the man is very weak and frail as he depends on his luck. A man cannot add even one more hour to his time, nor can he gain one hour that has passed. But if a man is in a bad situation then he can join his strength to the strength of his beloved and compel the tìme and situation to move past them. 2) Yesternight the sun went hence, And yet is here today, He hath no desire nor sense, Nor half so short a way: Ans:- These lines have been composed by a metaphysical poet, John Donne taken from"Sweetest love I don't goe. He compares his leaving to the sun's setting. The sun has gone Yesternight and has returned today, despite its lengthy journey around the world. He says to his beloved that I will return since I have desire and sense and a shorter way. (3) When thou sigh'st, thou sigh'st not wind, But sigh'st my soul away; When thou weep'st, unkindly kind, My life's blood doth decay Ans :- These lines have been composed by a metaphysical poet, John Donne taken from"Sweetest love I don't goe. The poet says that your sighs take away my soul from the heart. He speaks about his beloved's cries that your sighs demonstrate her lack of trust in him. I am the part of yours and always in breath. When you weep unkindly kind my blood decays. (4) That thou lov'st me, as thou say'st, If in thine my life thou waste, That art the best of me Ans :- These lines have been composed by a metaphysical poet, John Donne taken from"Sweetest love I don't goe. In this present poem he wants to say that you say I love you mad but i think you don't love me. you only destroy my life and time. 5. I harbour for good or bad, I permit to speak at every hazard, Nature Without check with original energy. Ans :- These lines have been composed by an American poet, Walt withman taken from"Song of myself". From these lines, the poet wants to say that I will be celebrating and enjoying my life in each and every condition. He believes that Nature is the original source of energy. 6.Hoping to cease not tell death. Ans This line has been composed by an American poet, Walt Withman taken from" Song of myself". The poet hopes that he will always inspire the human being till last breath. 7. Now the leaves are falling fast, Nurse's flowers will not last: Nurses to the graves are gone, And the prams go rolling on. Ans :- These lines have been composed by W.H. Auden and taken from the poem"Now the leaves are falling fast".From these lines the poet wants to tell the process of life. He considers that Nothing is eternal in this nature. He explains the mortality of life by these examples. Everyone and Everything have to meet death. Here, rolling prams proves that life goes on inspite of mortality. 8. Starving through the leafless wood Trolls run scolding for their food: And the nightingle is dumb. And the angle will not come. Ans:- These lines have been composed by W.H. Auden and taken from the poem"Now the leaves are falling fast". He says that the forest have become leafless. Trolls are hungry and searching their food. The sweet nightingale is dumb and angel will not come. 9. Seasons of mists and mellow fruitfullness, Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun; Conspiring with him how to load and bless With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eaves run; Ans:- These lines have been taken from the poem "Ode to Autumn" and composed by a romantic poet, John keats. From these lines the poet wants to express the condition of Autumn. He says that Autumn is the season of mists and ripening fruits. Vine creepers are loaded with fruits. 10. Here lies a most beautiful lady, Light of step and heart was she; I think she was the most beautiful lady That ever was in the west country. Ans.-These lines have been taken from the poem 'An Epitaph' and composed by Walter de la Mare. The poet points out a lady which is one the most beautiful lady in the west country. She is lying in the grave. The poet has never seen such a beautiful lady in his country. 11.If I should die, think only this of me; That there's some corner of a foreign field That is forever England. Ans :- These lines have been taken from the poem(sonnet) "The soldier" and composed by an English poet, Rupert Brooke. From these lines the poet wants to express love for his country, England. He wishes that If he dies in the battlefield and the place where he would buried become the part of my country, England. 12. That is forever England. There shall be in that rich earth a richer dust concealed. Ans:- These lines have been taken from the poem(sonnet) "The soldier" and composed by an English poet, Rupert Brooke. From these lines the poet wants to express love for his country, England. He says that if he dies in the foreign field and his funeral will be done there, that rich land will becomes for England. 13.Macavity, Macavity, There is no one Macavity...... Macavity is not there. Ans :- These lines have been composed by T.S.Eliot and taken from the poem " Macavity: the mystery cat". From these lines the poet is talking about the criminal activity of Macavity. The poet is in a humerous mood. He commits crime but he is never seen at the crime scene. The Scotland yard can not catcha him. Thus, the poet wants to express the cleverness of Macavity. 14. But beauty vanishes beauty passes. However, rare rare it be;And When I crumble, who will remember, This lady of the best country. Ans:- These lines have been composed by Walter de la Mare and taken from the poem "An Epitaph".Here, the poet wants to express the reality of beauty of a lady. He reminds her that beauty doesn't forever. It vanishes very soon. After her death, Nobody loves her Thus, The beauty of that lady vanishes. 15. The burning ghat erupted phosphorescence and wandering ghost lights frightened passers by as moonlight scuttled among the bones. Ans :- These lines have been composed by Keki N Daruwala and taken from the poem 'Fire Hymn'. From these lines the poet wants to tell the scene of a burning ghat. The flames of fire are raising there. It looks very fearful to the poet and the wandering ghosts are creating a dreadful scene there. The moon light is lying over the bones which creates fear and terror for passers by. 16. But believe that I shall make Speedier journeys, since I take More wings and spurres then hee. And:- These lines have been taken from the poem 'sweetest love I don't goe' which has been composed by a metaphysical poet, John Donne. Here, the poet wants to tell that he will return soon by speedier journey because he has more desires than sun. The poet loves his beloved very much so, he will return very soon. The sun has neither desire nor sense. 17. They who one another keep Alive, ne'r parted bee. And:- These lines have been taken from the poem 'sweetest love I don't goe' which has been composed by a metaphysical poet, John Donne. Here, the poet wants to express reality of true love. He gives the important message that one who loves a lot ,cares for each other. A true lover can never be parted away. 18. The voice of my education said to me, He must be killed. This line has been taken the poem 'Snake' which has been composed by D.H. Lawrence. Here, the poet wants to tell that Shake is dangerous for human being. So, I must kill him. 19. Broken, yet rebellious. I swore this time To save it from the sin of forgiving. Ans:- These lines have been taken from the poetry 'Fire hymn' which has been composed by Keki N. Daruwala. Once, the poet has lost his first born child. He has to cremate his child on burning ghat. He swears that I will never make such mistake. I will never go against my religion code. 20. I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. Ans: These lines have been taken from the poem 'song of myself' which has been composed by Walt Whitman. Here, the poet wants to tell that I celebrate and sing myself and what I assume you shall assume same. Every atom of my body belongs to me as good belongs to you. 21. And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core; To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells. Ans:- These lines have been taken from the poem ' Ode to Autumn' which has been composed by John Keats. From these line the poet tells that the fruits get ripen completely. The gourd and the fruit of Hazel attained maximum size in the month of Autumn. 22. Must die at last, tis best, To use myself in jest. Ans:- These lines have been taken from the poem, 'Sweetest love I don't goe' which has been composed by John Donne. From these line, the poet wants to tell that he wants to go far from his beloved only for entertainment. He knows that one day he will die so, he wants to amuse himself to be prepared for the death. 44. A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware, Gave once, her flowers to love, her ways to roam. Ans:- These lines have been taken from the poem 'The soldier' which has been composed by Rupert Brooke. From this line, the poet wants to express his love to country, England. He was born in England. England gave him the native air to breathe, brought up, made conscious, gave her flower to love, ways to live life. Prose explanation 1. A man is not necessarily happy because he is rich, or unhappy because he is poor, the rich are often seen to be unhappy and the poor to be happy. Ans :- These lines have been taken from the prose 'Indian Civilization and culture by Mahatma Gandhi. He is talking about a relationship between wealth and happiness. I have seen that the rich is unhappy and the poor is happy. According to Gandhi , real happiness lies in the proper use of hands and feet. 2. Civilization that mode of conduct which points out to man the path of duty. Ans :- These lines have been taken from the prose 'Indian Civilization and culture by mahatma Gandhi. He is talking about civilization and its meaning. Civilization is that mode of conduct which teaches a man to the path of duty and morality. This is the concept to attain mastery over our minds and passions Civilization means good conduct in Gujarati. 3. The whole of Bharat is My Home and its people are my family. Ans:- These lines have been taken from the prose 'Bharat is My Home' by Dr. Zakir Hussain. He wants to express his love for the whole India. He talks about the development of all the Indian. He wishes to make India strong and beautiful. 4. It is the business of education..... quality of the Nation. " Ans :- These lines have been taken from the prose 'Bharat is My Home' by Dr. Zakir Hussain. He wants to express his ideas about education system. He says that Education may be a prime instrument for a good developed nation. India cannot be great country without education. 5. The way of managing child - birth....... the procedures. Ans :- These lines have been taken from the prose 'A child is born' written by 'Germaine Greer'. From these lines the Author says that in traditional societies, child birth is managed in many ways. The pregnant women have to observe several rituals and prohibitions. 6. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise and live out the true meaning of its creed. Ans :- These lines have been taken from the prose' I have a dream' and written by Martin Luther King. He wants that the white people of the America will not discriminate with the black people. He talks about the American government, the people of the USA will rise up and begin to live according to the law which is same for the all people. 7. I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character. Ans:- These lines have been taken from the prose' I have a dream' and written by Martin Luther King. In-fact, the writer has a dream. He wants that his four children should not be judged on the basis of the colour of their skin but on the basis of knowledge and character they possess. Blood of all persons is same but we have black and white skin. 8. "When we speak of The freedom of Press"..... government. Ans :- This line has been written by Dorothy L. Sayers and taken from the essay How free is the press. The author tells that the freedom of press means freedom from direction or censorship by the government. In this sense, the press is totally free in England. However, there are different ways in which this freedom is restricted by the government. 9. The Mind is a restless bird, the more it gets the more It wants,and still remains unsatisfied? Ans :- This line has been taken from Indian Civilization and culture written by Mahatma Gandhi. From this line Mahatma Gandhi wants to say that our mind is a restless bird because we are in busy in our passions and wishes. The more it gets the more it wants. It always remains unsatisfied. 10. India has always been the background of my life but i had never seen it whole and for myself untill now. Ans:- This line has been taken from the prose 'India through a traveller's eye' written by Pearls S. buck. From this line she tells that her relation to India had been very old but she had not seen it personally until now when she visit India. 11. When we speak of 'Freedom.... And restricted Sense. Ans :- This lines have been taken from 'how free is the press' written by Dorthy L Sayers. She says that technical and restricted sense of freedom of press means: freedom from direction and censorship by government only. The press has some more controlling bodies like the owner of the press and his interest and the advertiser's interest. 12. The past is....... it is a alive and dynamic. Ans :- This line has been taken from 'Bharat is My Home' by Dr. Zakir Hussain. He says that India is young state of an ancient people who have striven to realise time less. India's past is not dead and static, it is alive and dynamic. It is also involved in understanding the quality of our present and the result of our future. 13. "Has Civilization taught us to be more friendly towards one another?" Ans:- This line has been taken from 'Ideas That Have Helped Mankind' which has been written by Bertrand Russell. I think that civilization has taught us to be friendlier towards one another. Our life is rely on helping one other. We can't progress without helping one another. 14. Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi. Ans:- This line has been taken from the prose 'I have a dream' which has been written Martin Luther king. He believes that one day we will free. When this happens, when we enjoy freedom. We will hear the song of joy from every village, and every hamlet, from every state and every city. 15. Another cleanliness was that our food was served on fresh green banana leaves instead of plates. Ans:- The line has been taken from the prose 'India through A travellers Eye' which has been written by Pearls S. Buck. From this line, The speaker wants to express Indian culture, about cleanliness of Indian people. Indian food was served on fresh green leaves. So, the speaker is highly respectful for it. 16. In many traditional societies, the relationship between mother and child is more important than the relationship between husband and wife. Ans:- This line has been taken from the prose 'A child is born' which has been written by Pearls S. Buck. In this line, the speaker wants to express Indian tradition and culture. The relationship between mother and child is more important because this relationship is made on other hand and It is connected with heart. The relationship between husband and wife is made on the earth and It is social. 17. Nanukaka opened the silver snuffbox and took a pinch. And:- This line has been taken from the story pinch of snuff which has been written by Manohar Malgaonkar. Here the writer tells that Nanukaka is fond of chewing snuff. He has a snuff which is made of silver. He took a pinch of snuff and chew it. This shows that he has the ability to manipulate public. आपके Exam में Poetry और उनके poet के नाम तथा Prose और उनके author के नाम से प्रशन (Match the Following के रूप में पछ ू े जाते हैं।) 10 अंक के पछ ू े जाते हैं तो इन्हें याद जरूर कर लीजजए। Prose और उनके Author 1. Indian Civilization and Culture ~ Mahatma Gandhi 2. Bharat is My Home~ Dr. Zakir Hussain 3. A Pinch of snuff~ Manohar Malgonkar 4. I Have a Dream~ Martin Luther King, Jr. 5. Ideas That Have Helped Mankind ~ Bertrand Russel 6. The Artist Shiga - Naoya ~ 7. A Child is Born ~ Germaine Greer 8. How Free is the Press~ Dorothy L. Sayers 9. The Earth~ H. E. Bates 10. India Through Traveller's Eye~ Pearls S. Buck 11. A Marriage Proposal~ Anton Chekhov Poetry और उनके Poet के नाम 1. Sweetest Love I Do Not Goe~ John Donne 2. Song of Myself~ Walt Whitman 3. Now The Leaves Are Falling Fast ~ W. H. Auden 4. To Autumn- John Keats 5. An Epitaph -Walter De La Mare 6. The Soldier -Rupert Brooke 7. Macavity: The Mystery Cat - T. S. Eliot 8. Fire Hymn - Keki N. Daruwala 9. Snake - D. H Lawrence 10. MY Grand Mother's House - Kamala Das STORY OF ENGLISH 5 MARKS 1. Write a short note on old English/Dark age.. Answer:- The old English period belongs to AD 449 to AD 1066. This period was also known as childhood of English. At that time English was purely a mixture of different dialects. Old English was dialectical and It's words were written and pronounced differently. It has no proper grammar rules. Many of old English words and structures don't use today. The old English period is not able to produce literature of much significance, as court patronage was lacking at the time and the age come to be known as the 'Dark Age'. 2. Write a short note on Middle English. Answer:- The period belongs to AD 1150 to 1500 is called the Age of Middle English in the history of English language. The words of middle English are borrowed from French and Latin. The main feature of this English was to witness the great vowel shift changing the pronunciation of the English long vowels. The most important features of middle English was the the fixing of word order. The early literature of this phase was religious in nature. 3. Write a short note on Modern English. Ans:- The modern age has come as an era of development of science and technology across the world. As a result, English is being spoken in the whole world. It has become the ; language of Science, technology, education, trade and commerce. Consequently, Each and every person has to learn to speak English. It provides and even l services, jobs and many more. Thus, English is like oxygen to us in this modern world. 4. Write a short note on American English. Ans:- This English has emerged after the Independent of U.S. Australia, Canada from the British empire. The English started to write and speak in these American country. They Introduced a new variety of English which has some changes like -spelling, grammar and pronounciation of the British English. This new type of English is called American English. We can understand these two English like- Color in British and Colour in American, Motorcar in British and Automobile in American, Lift in British and Elevator in American, Biscuits in British and Crackers in American. 5. Write short note on English as world a a language./Write a short note on English as an International language./ Write a short note on Global English. ये सभी Questions का मतलब एक ही है । Answer- English is the language of trade, commerce science and technology. It is being spoken and written in the whole world. All the earlier colonies of the British Empire including India had the presence of this language. The united states and many American countries have English as their main language. In the European countries like France, Russia, Germany English language is spoken by a large number of people. It is the main language of the United Nations. Today, English is the most widely used language in the whole world. There is no any country in the world where English is not being written and spoken. In schools and colleges, English is taught almost in each and every countries. We can say that English is a global language. 6. Write a short note on the future of English in India./(7)Write a short note on English as the second language of India./(8)Write a short note on the future of English./(9)What are the difficulties faced by Indians in learning English. ये चारो Questions अलग-अलग है , पर मैंने सभी को ध्यान में रखकर एक magic answer तैयार ककया है । Ans: We are living in the age of science, technology and global market economy. English is very important for Indians in future. Without English, You can not imagine India as a developed country. It is not our mother language but it is very important for us. We will have to face many difficulties to learn English. Today, It is used as the second language in India. We can not understand one another even in Indian states like- Kerla, Tamilnadu, West Bengal. We use English as a link language in South Indian states. We can see that It is expanding by leaps and bonds as a second language of India. Thus, I mean to say that the future of English in India is bright./ English is the second language of India. 7. Five Indian English poets Ans:- Sarojini Naidu,Rabindranath Tagore, Kamala Vivekanand,Toru Dutta Das, 8. Five Indian English Writers Ans:- Mulk Raj Anand, Raja Rao, Anita Desai, Arundhati Roy, Kushwant singh. 9. Five British/English Novelists Ans:- D. H. Lawrence, Walter Scott, Richardson, Jane Austen, Emily Bronte. 10. Five British /English Dramatists 11. Five English/British poets Ans:- Shakespeare, G. B. Shaw, T. S. Eliot, Marlowe, Galsworthy sad Ans:- Chaucer, Langland Spenser, John Milton, William wordsworth, Alexander Pope 1. Translation / अनब ु ाद करें । आपको Tense के सभी Translation के Structures याद होना चाहहये , तभी आप अपने Exam में बनायेंगे। पपछले आज तक जजतने Exam हुए हैं , उन सभी मे बहुत Easy Translation पूछा गया है । सभी Exam में translation के Questions ज्यादातर Tense के structure से ही पूछे जा रहे है । यहााँ तक कक 2020 का मॉडल पेपर में भी जो translation के Questions हदये गए हैं , उनमें 7 में से 6 Tense से है । Tense बहुत Important है , आता है तो ठीक है अगर नहीीं तो आप मेरे Youtube channel पर जाकर दे ख सकते हैं सभी Rules करवाये गए हैं ।' अब मैं Translation दे रहा हूाँ, उसे रट मत ले ना। वे सब practice के ललए दे रहा हूाँ आपको इन सब में जो rules लग रहे हैं उन rules को याद रखना है । आपके Exam में पक्का इसी rules से Questions आये गा। 1. मेरी मााँ सुबह से काम कर रही है । - My mother has been working since five o'clock in the morning. 2. अगर मैं पक्षी होता तो आकाश में उड़ता । - If I were a bird I would fly in the sky. 3. मैंने उसे पाकक में बैठे हुए दे खा। - saw him sitting in the park. 4. हमे सच बोलना चाहहए। We should speak the truth. 5. गींगा को प्रदपू ित नही करना चाहहए। - The Ganga should not be polluted. 6. तैरना एक अच्छा व्यायाम है । To swim is a good exercise. 7. हमें अपने माता- पपता की आज्ञा माननी चाहहए। We ought to obey our parents. 8. पटना गींगा नदी के तट पर अवजथित है । Patna is situated on the bank of the Ganga. B 9. बबहार की राजधानी पटना है । Patna is the capital of Bihar. 10. भारत एक महान दे श है । India is a great country. 11. मेरी मााँ मुझे बहुत प्यार करती है My mother loves me very much. 12. मेरी परीक्षा चल रही है । My examination is going on. 13. वह पढाई में मेरी मदद करती है । She helps me in my studies. 14.मुझे अंग्रेजी में अच्छे अंक ममलें गे। | will get good marks in English. 15. वह दो वर्षों से घर नहीं आया है । He has not come home for two years. 16. उसके माता-पपता घर पर रहते हैं । His parents stay at home. 17. मेरा ममत्र कल से बीमार है । My friend has been ill since yesterday. 18. पवद्यार्थियों को आदर्ि नागररक बनने का प्रयत्न करना चाहहए।Students should try to become ideal citizens. 19.पवनम्रता एक अमूल्य गुण है | Humility is a priceless virtue. 20. डॉ० राजेन्द्र प्रसाद को कौन नहीं जानता ? Who does not know Dr. Rajendra Prasad? 21. कौन ऐसा व्यक्तत है जो सफलता नहीं चाहता ? Who does not want success? 22. सच्चा ममत्र संसार में दल ु िभ है । A true friend is rare in the world. 23. तया तुम्हें अंग्रेजी बोलने आता है ? Do you know how to speak English? 24. मैं उसे जानता हूाँ | I know him. 25. हमें अपने स्वास््य पर ध्यान दे ना चाहहए। We should take care of 26.मैंने उसे एक पत्र मलखा । I wrote a letter to him. 27.महात्मा गााँधी को कौन नहीं जानता । Who does not know Mahatma Gandhi? Bar 28.तुम खुद कोमर्र् करो। Try yourself. 29. मर्क्षक ने पवद्यार्थियों को अंग्रेजी पढाई| The teacher taught the students English. 30. वह आज हदल्ली से आया है ।He has come from Delhi today. 31. भारत एक कृपि प्रधान दे श है । India is an agricultural based country. 32. हहन्दी हमारी मातभ ृ ािा है । Hindi is our mother language. 33. गरीब ईमानदार होते हैं। The poor are honest. 34.हमें अपने लशक्षकों का आदर करना चाहहए। We should respect our teachers. 35. मन एवीं शरीर में घननष्ठ सींबींध है । There is a close relationship between mind and body. 36. दहे ज समाज के ललए अलभशाप है । Dowry is a curse for society. 37. मेहनत ही सफलता की कींु जी है । It is the labour that is the key to success. 38. भ्रष्टाचार हमारे समाज के ललए घातक है । Corruption is fatal for our society. 39. सदा सत्य बोलें । Always speak the truth. 40. ईमानदारी सबसे अच्छी नीनत है । Honesty is the best policy. 41. मेरी परीक्षा समीप है । My examination is at hand. 42.उसे सभी लोग जानते हैं Everybody knows him. 43. बबहार के लोग तेज एवीं मेहनती हैं । The people of Bihar are intelligent and laborious. 44. मुझे बबहारी होने का गवक है । I am proud of being Bihari. 45. सच्ची लमत्रता दल ु कभ है । True friendship is rare. 46.धूम्रपान थवाथ्य के ललए हाननकारक है । Smoking is injurious to health. 47. मेरा लमत्र इन हदनों बीमार है । My friend has been ill these days. 48. हमे सफलता के ललए कहठन पररश्रम करनी चाहहए। We should labour hard for success. Note:- एक बार मेरा भरोसा करके आप Tense के सभी Structures पढ़ लीजजए, (और ऊपर हदए गए सभी Translation को ध्यान से पढ़ लीजजए, उनमें जो Rules या structures है उनको याद रखखए।) लसफक Tense के structures से ही आप बना लोगे। Section B (Subjective) Essay Writing tips:- (1) सबसे पहले आप Introduction मलखखए। (2) उसके बाद उस topic के past (इततहास) मलखखए। इस topic Importance/Problems/Good things/bad things past सकते हैं। (3) अब उस topic का Present effect, Profit / Loss मलखखए | Enviornment और Society पर तया प्रभाव पडा है । (4) अंत मे उस topic के मलए अपना suggestion दें । Note:- 1. मलखने का मतलब Inform करना होता है ना कक impress करना । 2. ऐसा मलखखए की पढने वाला की सभी बात अच्छे से समझ आये। 3. अगर आपको tense के basic structure पता है तो आप आराम से एक अच्छा Essay मलख सकते हैं। 4. नीचे में एक Essay मलख कर आपको समझा रहा हूाँ, अच्छे से समझने के मलए मेरे you tube चैनल video दे ख सकते हैं। अगर आप हर एक points पर 6 और 6 sentences भी मलखोगे तो आपका Exam में 150 से 200 words में पछ ू ता है । Note :- आपके Exam में इन topics में से ककसी एक पर Essay पछ ू ा जाएगा। 1) Dowry system (2) Newspaper (3) Might is right (4) Work is worship (5) Terrorism/ Terrorism in India (6) Corruption/ Corruption in India (7) Unemployment (8) Environmental Pollution/ Pollution/Global warming (9) The Flood/ Flood in Bihar (10) Discipline (11) Woman education Letter And Application:- Letter और Application आपके Exam में तीन types के पूछे जाते हैं। 1. Letter to Father/Mother/Grandfather/Friend ( Format) 2. Letter to the Editor of a newspaper (मसफि Format याद रखखये) 3. An application to the principal (मसफि Format याद रखखये) Important Questions:- (For practice) 1. Write a letter to your father for permission to join to educational tour/a historical place Rajgír. 2. Write a letter to your mother, enquiring about his health. 3. Write a letter to your father requesting him to send money to buy books. 4. Write an application to your principal and request him to help me poor boys fund for his higher education. 5. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper complaining about the poor sanitation in your locality. 6. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper complaining about the poor water supply in your locality. 7. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper complaining about the sound pollution in your locality. 8.Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper complaining about the breakdown of electricity in your locality. बोडक परीक्षा वाले Passage Solve करने के ललए कुछ महत्वपर् ू क बबन्दुःु - 1. सबसे पहले प्रश्न को पढ़ें और उसका अिक समझें। 2. हदए गए Passage को ध्यान से पढ़ें और प्रशन से सींबींधधत शब्दों को रे खाींककत
