Rangkuman Biosel PDF - Basic Medical Science 1

BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCE 1 (1) BLOSEL...

BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCE 1 (1) BLOSEL BMS (1) (2) - Basic knowledge for diagnosis and treatment in human disease. ~ Cellular Biology were dueto malfunctions in the cells" "Pathologic changes CYP 1 ~ Cell membrane MODERN CELL THEORY I matt CYP2 ~ Cell Transport single cell - cell make up all living matter. ~ Sitoskelenon. Motilitas cell · fundamental unit of life · fungsional ~ cell Cycle dasar.. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM - membrane terbesar di sel eukariot co-transational process fungsi : hampir selurun protein harus melalui ER - Sebelum sintesis polipeptida Selesai. - sintesis lipid , membrane protein dan secreted protein (protein dalam sell (Protein Kelvarsel) dibawa. ROUGH ER : terikata/ Ribosome - EMPHYSEMA : protein disintesis ribosom > - dimodifikasi di RE-Albungkus golgi > - Sekresikar sel. - protein misfolding disease fungsi : protein production , protein folding , quality Control. cakumulasi mukus al paru-parul sint protein sekretor , a protein membran ditolak ER. Kellar - untuk - misfolded protein SMOOTH ER : banyak di hepatosit (sel hati) + detoksifikasi - > drgn CYP450 misfolded Karena receivers. - (SER) pada otot sacroplasmic reticulum (Simpan Cah- atur kontraksi relaksasi miofibril) altered genetic massage d hepatosist : 2 types protein. transmembrane · SER mengandungenzim (YP450"/produksi lipid dan detoksifikasi obat dan metabolit lipid soluble. - · SER Mendetoksifikasi Komponen water Soluble (Pest/sida Karsinogen , alkohol) ,. protein. I > diator ER signal membran/ ditagkap 2sehisprotein osol - sequence-tinggal di yg E dibawake dalam. fungsi : umum : Sintesis lipid. - Lipoprotein translokasi Sebaglam protein + lipid menyatu · Adrena Corte eudoknsnt hormonsterlasar lipid + dibuat ola water => - sel otot : Kontrol rilis Catpada 2 Kontraks) stot. relaksasl GOLG1 APPARATUS *· · single membrane-cis. medial - trans-dikelvarkan. Transport vesikel dari ERKasar - > gabung cis- Kemedial -> trans - konten enzlmatik atau hormonal dari lisosum , Peroksisom. dar Vestrel gekretori dibungkus di GA perifer ? fungsi membungkus menyortir dalam : a barang sel. - - POLYSOME : ribosome bebas di sitosol Sintes's protein sitasilik fungsi :. & ktlf sact anak-anak MYTOCHONDRIA MYOPATHIES.. M ITOCHONDRIA > - periu makanan ) neuromuscular ↳ - disease - > mitochondria rusak - - double membrane (Semiautonomus (DNA maternal , ribosom dan Protein Sendiri) (37 Gen) cell safoe butuh atp or Mitochondria. · DNA maternal (dribul : Mitochondria hunya didapat di ovum. Mitochondria sperma tertinggal ↳ otot temah / mudah lemah. Helah ketika menembus ovum. ↓ ungsi : Respiratory Cell.. mengolan bahan sisa KEARNS-SAYRE SYNDROME. y MT-eFores products g contract - powerhouse (Cell perlo u move , divide. Produce secretory · & (lemah otot Jantung masalah demensla Mata. , sperma - tertinggi di otot. Liver , dan gingal. ovum turun , stroke like episode , buta , limited eyes - di Cristae food (sugar) + 02 > - ATP (primary energi) mobility) (Adenos in Triphospat) LY SOSOME : mengandung enzim hidrolitik (nuklease fosfatae) > - memecah material. LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISORDER inhereted lysis bakteri/infektor deficiency enzyme ys diperlukan · -. untuk ↓ alur Bergerakan mater ;: meme can cosaminoglycans (GAGS) 91 1. Endocytic/Endostik : Makromolekul. Soluble menumpuk > - celltidak bisa mengelskresikan karbo sisa". 2 Fagosltik : cells/large insoluble particle. dan semua diakumulasi di sel. Isosom ⑳blept. 3 Autofagi Leating oneself) : worn out Cells/organelles akhirnya : racun dan masalah metabolic. Aca degredasi di lisosom u - *leimann-PICK DISEASE. (tidak bisa metabolismelemat PH = 5 (H + dan Cl-dipompa dgn ATP Kedalam lisosom sehingga pH wendah). GALACTOSEMTA - lingkungan his asam.  Electron Transport Chain (ETC) NADH : · energi diproduksi melalui ETC. & oksidative phosphorylation. NAD +: · tahap akhir pada respirasi sel areobik. Proses pindah elektron darl molekul darah (NADH Substrat organik]menuju akseptor terakhir yaitu Or · phosphorilasi oksidatf : dimana ATP dibeutuk pada waktu elektron dipindah dar , NADH /FADH2 KeO2 · pembentuk secara enzimati , dari ADp & fosfat anorganik menggunakan energi yg dinelvarkan selama transpor elektron. · Bahan bakar inte Sintesa Ath = asam lemak glukosa. Degradasi areobik glukosa CO & H + Sintes , 30AT peroxida PROXISOMES : racur · = Katalase gangguan peroksisom + kurang abnormal plasmalogen -> -. (1-2 % volume)) myelin - penyakit neurological paling sering ditemui (terbanyak · di selhati detoksifikasi : ALZEIMER. berisi oxidative enzymes ? oksidasi=Panas defect > sindrom Zellweger protein transport (peroxin)- L ex. Catalase & urate oksidase -. bukan ATP Reaksi di Peoroxisomes : X-linked Adrenoeukodystrophy (X-ALD) ) ↳ human genetic disease + more in male. · Oksidasi olehenzine oksidase menghasikan H202. ↳ Keterlambatan perkembangan. AH2 + 02 + A + H2O2 Reaks Katalase mengural H202 peroksidatif enzim · i. AH2 A AHA W - O2 > H2Oz Katalase 2HzO2 - - H202 Oz · B-oxidation mendegredas, rantai asam lemak > - acetyl-IOA · katalsas pembentukan plasmalogen (penyusun myelin) - tidak menghasilkan ATP - > panas. - Asam lemak rantai panjang hanya didegradasi peroksisom dan Mitokondria. SITOSOL O SITOPLASMA Sitoplasma - : sitosol + organelle - + mostly water calran saja - - a lot of protein > - control metabolism sel. C signal transduction pathways - glycolisi , intracellula receptors transcription , factors. ) Nucleus. - organelle terbesar - 2 membran-lapisan phospholipid. bilayer - nukleus aktie · aktif replikasi aktif metabolisme. · Nukleus dorman/inaktif - Sedikit Sintess DNA dan RNA. - Ada pada eritrosit matur dan Vertebrata non-mamalia dan sel yang resting. - mRNA terikat protein spesifik ribonukleoprotein. NUCLEOLUS pembentu RNA - subcompartment nucleus. , tidak ada membran phospholipid. rRNA sel - bentuk ribosom Sintesis (transcluksi - Banyak proteint Kontrol metabolisme sel. Partikel tRNA dan MRNA - subunit ribosom dan berlsl sinyal-glikolisis reseptor intrasel a Factor > - lewat nuclear pore - masuk sitosol > - sintests protein. trasstecipsi o RIBOSON 1 > - TRNA misal : G + C · A · produksi / buat protein. antikolon u + C > - G · Eukariot = 60s + 40s = 80s I peptida rantal A = Aminoasil asam amino Bound Ribosome : Rough ER · :. & p : peptidil- diranghai terbentuk lewat terowongan subunit besar. E = Exit Sin. protein sekretorik Free ribosome : bebas situsol sitosolic (dimsel protein. sin. Pulisom : Sekelompok ribosom bebas. sitosolin  MEMBRAN SEL Sebuanstruktur dar, fosfolipid blayers dengan provin Yang teran a on im polar region · Glikoprotein Alzheimer's :. Glikolipid pada alterasi fosfolipid sisi > - ekstra seluler membran compromised. cell membrane - > fungsi sel otan terganggy. fungsi : mengatur activitas Kimlawi - ! membran dalam : ION CHANNEL membran luar :. Cdifusi pasiE Batas-security - mobilitas sel-maintain compositi Ioniu & proteins ·. -pore-forming · osmosis PH sitosol. Selektif - (Na. K. Ca Cl). · Permeabilitas selektif. · gate dikontrol of: ligand - Sinyal Kimlawi , elektrik , temperatur , Kekuatan mekanik. fungsi : Cystic Fibrosis : Ca-lon channel defektif. tranduksi sinyal ↳ mukus menumpuk dlparu Bagian.. · Pressure Transpor-trans epitreal ↓ P · · · a volume cell regulasi PH · mediasi respons cytosol Mechanically-gated Always open Voltage-gated LIGAND-GATE ToRecept a · neurotransmiter banyan jenis pengaturan. open ⑳ close swelling--strecked activated · Ligand-gated heat--cold activated PROTEIN MEMBRAN foreign 1. protein rekognisi antar sel : Identifikasi tipe self self (mostly glycoproteins. D Ifusi Facilitated Active Difesion. 2 Integrin Pelekatan : sitoskeleton - - Menguatkan membran.. 3 protein intercellular junction : bantu sel sejenis of menempel bentuk Jaringan. Katalis Sinyal transduksi (Fostorilas protein. lain) 4 Enzim :. - i Ex. ATPase Kinase.. Reseptor sinyal transdulsi hormon/substan 5. : Ikat dilvar sel. Binding : trigger perubahan konformasi - transduksi sinyal.. Protein 6 transpor a Pasif-> difusi (noenergy ).) b. active - low cons > - high cons. tdakselektif tidak selektif Endositosis Center) : Fagostosis , Pino sitosis need , high cons > low cons. - · Cmasukin) (minum) Simple difusion Receptor-mediated hydrophobic. CO2 , CO2 endocytes. · nonpolar · highly selective mengikat substansi spesifik. Crit , hormon Steroid/ · melalui lipid bilayer. holestrol epidermal growth (Fe) hormon) · · fungsi saraf dan otot. Facilitated Difusion bulk flow Receptor COVIDIS ALC-2 : C. =. · polar heal'd Ion (Ex glucosal. vesivel : transpor partivel besar. Osmosis : selective permeable - need Hipotunik : gain water. > lisk - - turgid Eksositusis (EXIT) : resive sitoplasmic > - gabung Hipertonik : lose water. > - Krenasi membran plasma --. rilis is1. Cresive-golgi - rills neurotransmiter)  CELLCYCLE Reproduksi - Pertumbuhan - perbalkan peabaharn a - Sister around 210 types of body cells & -. chromatid. · entromere - frequency of cell division : · cells that are damaged singe stranded - varies by cell types. · alternatif apoptosis - temporary * or permanent. · embryo : cell cycle 20 mins. of Nerve and muscle all · Skin cell : 12-24 hours. liver all : divide once every yes 2 & (multinucleated) checkpoints PREP ·. Growth MirOSI - cellular growth (time vary) - or two- - can exit to go · mature nerve all & muscle Gl - synthesis enzim untuk replikasi DNA (Go] - G2 ↑ - - M S = (Synthesis / Replikas , DMA) CHECKPOINT conditions before moving RELEVANCY : ensure to next - - All chromosomes. replicated CLINICAL. steps. / malfunction > - cancer (prevent) G.. ~ consist of 2 sister chromatids. Chromatin forml - Malnutrition :: anrest Satu Fase Jelesai baru both lanjut (pastikan Reslapan und. > - Histores produced Step REGULATORY MONITOR. 1) kinases - enzim. - I long string of DNA safer chromatid. - amount doegntF luctuate. trose - chromatin - Cyclin-dependent Rinase (Cdk) fight-chromated. > - phosphorylates molecules. G2 : second growth phase (growth and prepare 2)cycling divide) ~ reproduction of some organelles fluctuate high microtubule production - ↳. -Band with kinase f checkpoints ~ two centrosomes. Aster around each centrosome - Cychn CDM) complex ↳ cells grow in size. certan activity lad to next stage M-mitosis prophase - prometaphase - Metaphase - Anaphase Telophase , Cytokinesis - birth of 2 daughter cells. INTERPHASE-CONT : ~ chromosomes exist in condensed extended form (Cell has a unform appereane L nucleus and centrove + clearly seen. ~ cell mass double replication "S" phase during -> cell DNA ~ > time growth and - - > RNA is synthesed in all phase - > except mitosis two foreversible points - replication of genetic material - separation of sister chromatic QUALITY CONTROL G2 CHECKPOINTS ? system - ⑭ interupting. ⑰ something goes. wrong - checks DNA damage 1. DNA DAMAGE (G) checkpoints - sphase m phase) , - D53 gene > tumor supressor -. 2 Completion of Sphase - momastikan tidak ada fragment okazaki Kromatid.. =mini. 3 Spindle checkpoints pastikan spindle terinat knetochore -. t unsolved Apoptosis = MITOST) prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase. telophase. (2n) L Kyokinesis. (nucleus division) + Pemban Komosom o formasi2 nukleus. ↳ Cytokinesis. Coyroplasm division) > - Split cell into 2. - cytoplasm roughly in half (most cases) · Kinetochore