Ranger Guard Training PDF

Agenda 1. Introduction 2. Level of Force, Weapons of Opportunity and Bomb Threats 3. Active Shooter (classroom) 4. Lunch 5. Active Shooter (hands on) 6. Handcuffing 101 7. Radio Etiquette and Report Writing 8. De-escalation Techniques 9. Test and Evaluation  1993...

Agenda 1. Introduction 2. Level of Force, Weapons of Opportunity and Bomb Threats 3. Active Shooter (classroom) 4. Lunch 5. Active Shooter (hands on) 6. Handcuffing 101 7. Radio Etiquette and Report Writing 8. De-escalation Techniques 9. Test and Evaluation  1993-1997 it all began with the U.S. Navy 1997 Houston Police Department 2001 Everything changed Cuba Afghanistan x2 2018 Houston Police Department ending Conroe ISD Police Department (School Based Law Enforcement Officer) Who am I? 2018 University of Houston / American Intercontinental University COVID Texas Attorney General’s Office Education, Education, Education Train, Train, Train Tell me about you!  Disclaimer The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, constitute legal advice; instead, all information, content, and materials available on this site are for general informational purposes only. THIS IS A WAY, NOT THE WAY! Levels of Force  Officer Presence — No force is used. Considered the best way to resolve a situation. The mere presence of a law enforcement Officer officer works to deter crime or diffuse a Presence situation. Officers' attitudes are professional and nonthreatening.  Verbalization — Force is not-physical. Officers issue calm, nonthreatening commands, such as "Let me see your identification and registration." Officers may increase their volume and shorten Verbalization commands in an attempt to gain compliance. Short commands might include "Stop," or "Don't move."  Empty-Hand Control — Officers use bodily force to gain control of a situation. Empty Hand Soft technique. Officers use grabs, holds and joint locks to restrain an individual. Control Hard technique. Officers use punches and kicks to restrain an individual.  Less-Lethal Methods — Officers use less-lethal technologies to gain control of a situation. Blunt impact. Officers may use a baton or projectile to immobilize a combative person. Less Lethal Chemical. Officers may use chemical sprays or projectiles embedded with chemicals to restrain an Methods individual (e.g., pepper spray). Conducted Energy Devices (CEDs). Officers may use CEDs to immobilize an individual. CEDs discharge a high-voltage, low-amperage jolt of electricity at a distance.  Lethal Force — Officers use lethal weapons to gain control of a situation. Should only be used if a suspect poses a serious threat to the officer or another individual. Lethal Force Officers use deadly weapons such as firearms to stop an individual's actions. Levels of Force Weapons of Opportunity An improvised weapon can be defined as any readily accessible, hand-held object made of metal, wood, plastic, glass, ceramic or any other material(s) capable of stopping an active threat.  Knife Attacks What is the minimum standoff distance to react to a knife attacker?  School Bomb Threats and Security School bomb threats disrupt schools and create significant anxiety in a school-community, especially if they are reoccurring over a shorter period of time. School administrators, safety officials, crisis teams and staff should be trained and schools should have guidelines for handling bomb threats and suspicious devices on campus.  School Bomb Threats and Security Unfortunately, many schools historically handled bomb threats and suspicious devices rather poorly. School staff ranging from custodians to principals, and even some security and former police officers, have reportedly picked up suspected devices and moved them around school property, delayed calling police, and taken other dangerous steps which could have possibly been prevented through adequate training, crisis planning, and related measures.  So what do I do? ASSESS AND MONITOR The Decision Maker determines that the information received does not indicate that the threat is sufficiently credible. Although a discounted threat means no action is taken, it is important to continue monitoring the threat and inform all relevant planning team members should new information indicate the threat is credible.  So what do I do? ASSESS & SEARCH The Decision Maker may elect to conduct a partial or full search without a lockdown, garnering more time to assess whether the threat is credible. This determination should be based on the credibility of the threat and its corresponding course of action.  So what do I do? ASSESS, SEARCH, & LOCKDOWN The Decision Maker determines that more time and information are needed to assess whether the threat is credible. They can elect to conduct a search which may include a partial or full lockdown by restricting entrance to the site location. This determination should be based on the credibility of the threat and its corresponding course of action.  So what do I do? ASSESS AND EVACUATE The Decision Maker determines the threat is credible and the best approach is to evacuate after conducting priority searches. Even if a threat seems adequately credible, do not automatically evacuate. This could place evacuees in greater danger of an attack. Hostile actors have used bomb threats in the past to better target personnel. Like lockdowns, they may elect to conduct a partial or full evacuation. A hospital, for example, may not be able to safely evacuate all patients and select to only evacuate high risk areas.  ?? 3 is 2 2 is 1 1 is 0 Active Shooter (Classroom)  An active shooter is an individual aggressively engaged in killing or attempting to kill in a confined and populated area. The situation occurs rapidly and without warning. The What is an shooter’s objective may be a specific target such as an estranged spouse or former boss or may just be all Active persons present. In either case anyone within weapon range is a probable victim. Shooter? Most end in less than 15 minutes so the arrival of Law Enforcement may have little effect on the outcome. The shooter often commits suicide or is looking for “suicide by cop.” Individuals need to prepare physically and mentally to respond to an active shooter incident Some Known Active Shooters Eric Harris & Dylan Kiebold James Holmes Adam Lanza Columbine High School Aurora, CO Newtown, CT Seung-Hui Cho Jared Lee Loughner Virginia Tech Tucson, AZ  98% of active shooting incidents are committed by a Some single attacker Disturbing Statistics… 96% of active shooters are male (Source: New York City In 78% of active shooting incidents there is a connection between the shooter and at least one of the victims Police (family, academic, professional) Department) 29% of incidents occur in a school setting, another 55% occur in commercial settings such as an office. 40% of incidents end with the shooter committing suicide with another 46% being terminated through applied force (Law Enforcement, Security, Others).  Don’t assume it will never happen to you! Always be aware of your surroundings along with any possible dangers Blocked Exits Broken Locks Unlighted Areas Know your exact workplace address Preparation Street address, suite number, etc. Have an escape plan, same as in a fire. Look for at least two exits for any facility you visit or work in. Work as a team to pre-plan for these types of incidents. For instance, what is a safe location to assemble once you escape?  Indicators of Potential Workplace Violence by Employees, Clients, & Others Increased drug or alcohol use Suicidal comments; Desire “to put things in order” Increased unexplained absenteeism Paranoid type behavior. “Everyone is against me” Decreased attention to appearance & hygiene Increased talk of problems at home Depression/Withdrawal Domestic problems escalating into the workplace. Resistance/overreaction to policy changes Severe financial problems Repeated policy violations Talk of past incidents of violence Increased severe mood swings Empathy with individuals who commit violent Unstable emotional responses. acts. Explosive unprovoked outbursts Increased interest in firearms and other weapons.  A Lockdown is a process to secure an area from a threat. It can include containing an incident in its area of origin through the movement of people If a Lockdown is announced all exterior doors are secured and checkpoints are established at vehicle entrances. Law Enforcement may be called to assist. Movement of those inside is restricted, and visitors are prevented from entering. Allowing employees with proper photo ID to enter is situational based and will be determined by the Incident Lockdown Commander. Your Actions: Cease normal operations Clear all hallways Secure doors Shelter in Place until directed otherwise by those in authority or All Clear is announced. OODA Loop  OODA Loop 1: Observe Observe the situation with the aim of building the most accurate and comprehensive picture of it possible. 2: Orient Orient yourself is to recognize any barriers that might interfere with the other parts of the OODA Loop. 3: Decide There are no surprises here. The previous two steps provide the groundwork you need to make an informed decision. If there are multiple options at hand, you need to use your observation and orientation to select one. 4: Act There’s a difference between making decisions and enacting decisions. Once you make up your mind, it’s time to take action. Response to Run! an Active Shooter Hide! Fight!  Use your escape plan! Get out at the first sign of danger. Leave belongings behind Take others with you if possible. You may need to leave wounded behind. You cannot help others if you become a victim yourself. Try to prevent others from entering Run! Keep your hands visible Follow orders of Law Enforcement Call 911 when safe to do so. Keep in mind in a crowded location that others may be doing the same.  Find a place to hide where shooter is less likely to find you. Plan this out ahead of time in your workplace. If possible, determine a place that will not trap you. Stay out of the shooter’s view Lock the door, barricade with heavy furniture if possible. Hide! Hide behind heavy objects (desks, file cabinets, etc.) Remain quiet. Silence your cell phone ringer and other sources of noise. Dial 911 if possible. If you cannot talk just leave the line open What is a new feature for 911?  As a last resort to save your life you may need to attack the shooter Act as aggressively as possible! An attack by a group is more effective than by a single person (Remember United Flight 93) Improvise weapons (chair, laptop, paperweights, Fight! sharp objects) or what did we call these earlier? Throw things Yell and shout, try to disorient the shooter Commit to your actions!  If You Reach 911 Before Law Enforcement Arrives Provide the following information, if known: Exact address of incident location (Critical) Number of shooters, descriptions, their location Number and type of weapons seen Number and location of potential victims.  When Law Enforcement Arrives…. They will probably enter 1 or 2 at a time. Most will have rifles. They won’t usually know what the shooter looks like, except for the description that you have given. Be prepared for them to be shouting orders and pushing people to the ground. IDENTIFY YOURSELF!!! Follow their orders to the letter. Save your questions for later. DON’T GET OFFENDED! Understand that rescue of the wounded will not occur until the scene is secured. Expect to be taken to a safe location and held there for identification and debriefing  At assembly point/ safe location perform an accountability check of all employees to determine anyone is missing and potentially injured. Inform Law Enforcement of any person unaccounted for. Follow-up by Determine a means for those who are safe to notify Management their families. and Others Address notification to families of casualties. Coordinate this with Law Enforcement. Provide for physical and psychological care for all involved (including yourself!).  Your mission is to return home in the same condition you arrived in! Enjoy your lunch!  Active Shooter Training (Tactics)  Basic Principles At its core, room clearing is guided by three key principles: safety, speed, and efficiency. Safety ensures that operatives and innocents are protected. Speed is Foundations essential to outpace the adversary’s of Room decision-making cycle. Efficiency in tactics minimizes exposure and maximizes Clearing control over the environment. Slow is smooth and smooth is fast Slow down, don’t make mistakes  Roles and Responsibilities In any well-structured team, Foundations individuals play specific roles, from of Room the point man who makes the initial Clearing entry to the rear guard covering the team’s back. Understanding and rigorously practicing these roles ensures seamless operation.  Equipment Essentials Effective room clearing demands Foundations specific gear, including but not of Room limited to, firearms suitable for close Clearing quarters, breaching tools for entry, communication devices for silent coordination, and protective gear to mitigate risks.  Intelligence Gathering The first step is always gathering intelligence. Planning and Coordination With intel in hand, teams develop a plan that plays to their strengths and the environment’s constraints. Coordination Pre-entry ensures every team member knows their role Tactics and the overall objective. Communication Methods Teams rely on a mix of silent signals and verbal commands, chosen based on the need for stealth and clarity. Miscommunication can be as dangerous as facing an armed adversary.  Speed of Action Balancing speed with caution minimizes the element of surprise for adversaries while ensuring team safety. A well- practiced entry is swift but never reckless. Pre-entry Point of Entry Tactics Doorways, windows, and even compromised walls can serve as entry points. Each offers different advantages and risks, requiring different approaches and preparations.  Slicing the Pie This cautious technique involves slowly revealing the room from the point of entry, minimizing exposure while maximizing visibility and control. Room Dynamic Entry Clearing A more aggressive approach, dynamic entry relies on speed and surprise to overwhelm Techniques adversaries before they can react effectively. Limited Penetration Here, operatives maintain a shallow depth of entry, controlling as much of the room as possible without fully committing, limiting exposure to potential threats within.  Dealing with Multiple Rooms Sequential clearing prioritizes one room at a time, while simultaneous clearing involves multiple teams coordinating to clear several spaces at once. Room Handling Barricades and Booby Traps Identifying and neutralizing these obstacles Clearing requires not just technical expertise but also a Techniques meticulous and patient approach to ensure safety. Post-Clearing Operations Securing the room, handling suspects with care, and collecting evidence are essential steps to conclude the operation efficiently and ethically. Now let's have some fun and learn! Handcuffing 101 Radio Etiquette and Report Writing  Radio Etiquette Radio Conversation Radio (walkie-talkie) is a hand-held, convenient two-way radio transceiver, multiple walkie-talkies can utilize a single radio channel, and just a single radio on the channel can transmit at once, although any number can listen. Radio Communication for security officers is very important for passing and getting the information. Normally the radio is in the receive mode. When you need to talk must “push-to-talk” (PTT) button that automatically turns off the receiver and turns on the transmitter.  Radio Etiquette When using a radio, speak clearly and slowly. Be careful what you say on the radio, as someone else may be listening. Think before what to say and how to say it. Speak clearly, carefully, be brief and concise. Don’t break another transmission unless there is an emergency. Don’t give your location, telephone numbers or other private information. Although the radio is for communication don’t use for personal communication. The necessity for a clear speech on the two-way radio is important for you to learn.  Report Writing Writing security reports is different from writing traditional essays. This specific style of writing requires its own rules and conventions. While some expectations for police report writing may differ depending on the police department, certain basic guidelines universally apply. Police reports are written in first person, past tense and organized in chronological order. Report Writing Report Writing  Report Writing Don’t put “no report, all clear.” Do put “I, Officer Smuckatelly, patrolled the Anytown School, located at 123 Main Street, Houston, Texas. Upon completing my patrol, I did not notice any doors unlocked and no other suspicious activity. All clear.” De-escalation Techniques  De-escalation Techniques Officer appearance  De-escalation Techniques When circumstances reasonably permit, officers should use non-violent strategies and techniques to decrease the intensity of a situation, improve decision- making, improve communication, reduce the need for force, and increase voluntary compliance.  De-escalation Techniques Ensure your citizen contact procedures are legitimate and based on respect. Ensure your officers know their legal limitations prior to engaging the public. Appreciate that to influence a person, you need to understand their perspective and purpose. Do not presume what makes sense to you makes sense to others. Questions??? Time for the test