RAD 230 Exams PDF
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This document contains a set of exam questions on the subject of radiology, covering various topics like radiation physics and diagnostic imaging techniques. The questions and answers may be suitable for a radiology course.
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CHAPTER 1-4 Question 1 1/1 Energy is defined as: Show answer choices A force exerted by a body Anything that occupies space and has shape The ability to do work The degree of gravity The quantity of matter Question 2 1/1 Radiation is: Show answer choices Energ...
CHAPTER 1-4 Question 1 1/1 Energy is defined as: Show answer choices A force exerted by a body Anything that occupies space and has shape The ability to do work The degree of gravity The quantity of matter Question 2 1/1 Radiation is: Show answer choices Energy transferred Isotropic emission Kinetic particles Mass with a charge Measured in joules Question 3 1/1 Approximately how many known elements are there? Show answer choices 50 100 150 200 300 Question 4 1/1 The only element that is not placed in any group of the periodic table is: Show answer choices Helium Hydrogen Plutonium Tungsten Uranium Question 5 1/1 A single unit of electromagnetic radiation is also called a/an: Show answer choices Ion Photon Proton Quark Question 6 1/1 Which of the following has a constant value for all electromagnetic radiation? Show answer choices Frequency Mass Origin Velocity Wavelength Question 7 1/1 All except which of the following help to reduce patient dose? Show answer choices Cones Filtration Gonadal shields Intensifying screens Radiographic grids Question 8 1/1 "Generally, x-ray examinations are reserved for which of the following?" Show answer choices Asymptomatic patients Older patients Patients who are not pregnant Symptomatic patients X-ray personnel Question 9 1/1 Which of the following units of energy is most fundamental? Show answer choices Calorie Electron volt Erg Joule Kilowatt-hour Question 10 1/1 Which of the following is the primary method of heat dissipation from the rotating anode of an x-ray tube? Show answer choices Conduction Convection Convention Radiation Reduction Question 11 1/1 Radioisotopes: Show answer choices Are ionized Are made with x-rays Are stable atoms Have closed electron shells Have unstable nuclei Question 12 1/1 Which of the following terms is not associated with visible-light interaction? Show answer choices Absorption Reflection Refraction Transmission Vaporization Question 13 1/1 Which statement about visible light is correct? Show answer choices Black glass is lucent. "If matter absorbs visible light, it is transparent" "If matter attenuates visible light, it is opaque" "If visible light is transmitted but attenuated, the matter is transparent" "If visible light is transmitted unattenuated, the matter is lucent." Question 14 1/1 "In radiographs of bony structures embedded in soft tissue, the bone is:" Show answer choices Radiolucent Radiopaque Radiorefracted Translucent Transopaque Question 15 1/1 All except which of the following help to reduce patient dose? Show answer choices Cones Filtration Gonadal shields Intensifying screens Radiographic grids Question 16 1/1 Which of the following is an example of an x-ray beam collimator? Show answer choices Dead-man switch Elapsed timer Filter Positive-beam limitation (PBL) Radiographic grid Question 17 1/1 Which of the following is a classic radiologic unit? Show answer choices Ampere Coulomb/kilogram Joule REM Sievert Question 18 1/1 What common radiologic unit results from the following? millicoulomb × second = Show answer choices ESE kVp mA PBL SID Question 19 1/1 The fundamental unit of force is the: Show answer choices Coulomb Joule Newton Roentgen Volt Question 20 1/1 Which of the following statements about work is true? Show answer choices It can be measured in watts It depends on time It has units the same as energy It is measured in newtons It is performed when a large weight is held motionless. Question 21 1/1 Which of the following is the primary method of heat dissipation from the rotating anode of an x-ray tube? Show answer choices Conduction Convection Convention Radiation Reduction Question 221/1 A 1-degree change is equal in thermal energy for which two scales? Show answer choices Absolute and kelvin Celsius and absolute Celsius and Fahrenheit Celsius and kelvin Fahrenheit and kelvin Question 23 1/1 The horizontal rows in the periodic table are called: Show answer choices Articles Compounds Groups Molecules Periods Question 24 1/1 Which of the following is a transitional element? Show answer choices Barium Carbon dioxide Iodine Tungsten Xenon Question 25 1/1 The periodic chart of elements is attributed to: Show answer choices Dimitri Mendeleev Ernest Rutherford J.J. Thomson John Dalton Niels Bohr Question 26 1/1 The binding energy of an electron to a nucleus: Show answer choices Increases with increasing distance from the nucleus Is higher for an L-shell electron than for an M-shell electron Is higher for a low-Z atom than for a high-Z atom Is higher for an N-shell than for an M-shell Depends on the size of an electron Question 27 1/1 Which of the following is a fundamental particle? Show answer choices Alpha Beta Electron Gamma Hydrogen Question 28 1/1 When a radioisotope emits a beta particle: Show answer choices A gamma ray is always emitted A neutron is converted to a proton A proton is converted to a neutron An electron is converted to a beta particle An x-ray is always emitted Question 29 0/1 "After beta emission, the nucleus has:" Show answer choices Decreased in A number by 1 Decreased in Z and A numbers by 1 Decreased in Z number by 1 Increased in A number by 1 Increased in Z number by 1 Question 30 1/1 Electrons are: Show answer choices Arranged in orbits around the nucleus Composed of neutrons and protons Organized inside the nucleus Positively charged Usually bundled together Question 31 1/1 The shape of the radioactive decay curve is: Show answer choices A concave-down curve on linear paper A concave-up curve on semilog paper A straight line on linear paper A straight line on semilog paper Linear and nonthreshold Question 32 1/1 "When white light is refracted through a prism, the following colors are emitted. Which has the longest wavelength?" Show answer choices Blue Orange Red Ultraviolet Yellow Question 33 1/1 The principal difference between x-rays and gamma rays is the: Show answer choices Energy Frequency Origin Velocity Wavelength Question 34 1/1 The development of modern quantum mechanics is attributed to: Show answer choices Albert Nobel Ernest Rutherford Max Planck Niels Bohr William Coolidge Question 35 1/1 The inverse square law states that: Show answer choices Intensity and distance are proportional. Intensity is directly proportional to the square of the distance. Intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. The square of the intensity is directly proportional to the distance. The square of the intensity is inversely proportional to the distance. Question 36 1/1 "When Einstein's relativistic equation is used to compute the energy equivalence of matter, it is usual to express such energy in:" Show answer choices Calories Coulombs Ergs Joules Newtons Question 37 1/1 In Einstein's famous E = mc2 equation, c stands for which of the following? Show answer choices Acceleration of mass Force Mass-energy equivalence The speed of light The theory of relativity Question 38 1/1 Which of the following is a unit of energy? Show answer choices Gray Joule Newton RAD Sievert Question 39 1/1 A posteroanterior (PA) chest radiograph delivers approximately what dose to the patient? Show answer choices 100 eV 100 J 100 mR 100 μGya 100 μGyt Question 40 1/1 Kinetic energy (KE) is directly proportional to: Show answer choices A vector quantity Acceleration Force Mass Velocity Question 41 1/1 When a radioisotope emits a beta particle: Show answer choices A gamma ray is always emitted A neutron is converted to a proton A proton is converted to a neutron An electron is converted to a beta particle An x-ray is always emitted Question 42 1/1 Isomers are atoms that have different: Show answer choices Energy states Filled electron shells Number of neutrons Number of protons Question 43 1/1 How many half-lives must elapse before the remaining activity is less than 0.1% of the original activity? Show answer choices 4 half-lives 6 half-lives 8 half-lives 10 half-lives 12 half-lives Question 44 4/4 Of Roentgen's twelve properties of x-rays, name at least four properties:1. x-rays are highly penetrating 2. x-rays travel in straight lines 3. x-rays can ionize 4. x-rays produce heat when going through matter Question 45 3/3 Of the ten commandments of radiation protection, name at least three commandments: 1. time, distance, shield 2. do not stand in front of primary beam 3. always wear dosimeter badge outside of lead apron CHAPTER 5-8 Question 1 1/1 Which of the following is a method of electrification? Show answer choices Diffraction Excitation Induction Resonance Transmission Question 2 1/1 Static electricity: Show answer choices Can make one's hair stand on end Can produce x-rays Can result in magnetism Is the basis for transformer operation Is the study of electric currents Question 3 1/1 The unit of electrostatic charge is the: Show answer choices Ampere Coulomb Electron volt Newton Volt Question 4 1/1 The principal electrostatic law states that: Show answer choices A neutron will repel a neutron. A proton will repel a neutron. An electron will repel a neutron. An electron will repel a proton. An electron will repel an electron. Question 5 1/1 Objects become electrified because of: Show answer choices An excess of neutrons An excess of protons The transfer of electrons The transfer of neutrons The transfer of protons Question 6 1/1 The energy of characteristic x-rays increases with increasing: Show answer choices Filtration Atomic mass of target material Atomic number of target material kVp Voltage waveform Question 7 1/1 The autotransformer has only one: Show answer choices Coil Meter Rectifier Switch Turns ratio Question 8 1/1 Which of the following is directly connected to the autotransformer? Show answer choices Filament kVp meter mA meter Rectifier X-ray tube Question 9 1/1 A diagnostic x-ray tube is an example of which of the following? Show answer choices Cathode Diode Tetrode Anode Electrode Question 10 0/1 The cathode is: Show answer choices A diode Designed to supply heat Contains the filament and focusing cup Part of the target Positively charged Question 11 1/1 Which of the following is the best electric insulator? Show answer choices Aluminum Copper Nickel Water Wood Question 12 1/1 Milliampere-seconds (mAs) is a unit of: Show answer choices Electric current Electric potentia Electromagnetic force Electromotive force Electrostatic charge Question 13 1/1 The filament transformer: Show answer choices Has four windings Increases current Increases voltage Is an autotransformer Must have precision resistors Question 14 1/1 "If a filament transformer has a turns ratio of 0.05 and 200 mA is supplied to the primary side of the transformer, what will be the secondary current?" Show answer choices 100 400 1 4 Question 15 1/1 The heel effect results in a smaller effective focal spot and less radiation intensity on the __________ of the x-ray beam. Show answer choices A focusing cup Rotor Cathode Filament Anode Question 16 1/1 The energy of characteristic x-rays increases with increasing: Show answer choices Filtration Atomic mass of target material Atomic number of target material kVp Voltage waveform Question 17 0/1 Bremsstrahlung radiation: Show answer choices Are characteristic of target Z Are characteristic of the filter materia Are characteristic of the voltage waveform Have velocity varying from zero to the speed of light Vary in energy as kVp is varied Question 18 0/1 "When characteristic x-rays are produced, the energy of the x-rays is characteristic of:" Show answer choices The atomic number of the filter The atomic number of the target The outer-shell electron binding energy The mass of filtration The orientation of the target Question 19 0/1 Electric energy can be converted into: Show answer choices Chemical energy by an x-ray imaging system Electromagnetic energy by a battery Mechanical energy by a battery Nuclear energy in a nuclear reactor Thermal energy by a lamp Question 20 1/1 Which of the following is the best electric insulator? Show answer choices Aluminum Copper Nickel Water Wood Question 21 1/1 The number of volts required to cause a current of 40 A in a circuit having a resistance of 5 Ω Show answer choices 5 V 8 V 40 V 45 V 200 V Question 22 1/1 The flow of 1 C/s in a conductor is equal to: Show answer choices 1 Ω 1 Ampere 1 eV 1 kVp 1 V Question 23 1/1 "Considering the positive voltage pulse E to G, how many such pulses occur each second?" Show answer choices 15 30 60 120 240 Question 241/1 Given this waveform: Show answer choices The voltage at C is 60 Hz The voltage at D is 60 Hz The voltage at E is +110 V The voltage at E is zero The voltage at H is zero Question 25 1/1 "If a 60 W lightbulb is operated at 120 V, the current flowing through the bulb is approximately:" Show answer choices 0.5 A 1Ampere 50 A 100 A 500 A Question 26 1/1 Electricity is purchased on the basis of the kilowatt hours one consumes. The kilowatt hour also can be expressed in the unit: Show answer choices Amperes per second Joule Newton Volt Watts per ampere Question 27 1/1 The autotransformer operates on the principle of: Show answer choices Coulombs law Edisons law Faradays law Newtons law Oersteds law Question 28 1/1 220 V is supplied to 800 primary turns of an autotransformer. What will be the output voltage across 200 secondary turns? Show answer choices 27.5 V 55 V 880 V 1760 V 3520 V Question 29 1/1 The filament transformer: Show answer choices Has four windings Increases current Increases voltage Is an autotransformer Must have precision resistors Question 30 0/1 A rectifier is: Show answer choices Can be a semiconductor Increases current Increases voltage Increases x-ray intensity Question 31 0/1 The voltage ripple associated with various x-ray generators is: Show answer choices "70.7% for single-phase, full-wave rectification" 100% for self-rectification Higher for self-rectification than for half-wave rectification Highest with high frequency Less for single-phase than for three-phase power Question 32 1/1 The three principal parts of an x-ray imaging system are: Show answer choices "Anode, cathode, and focusing cup" "Anode, cathode, and high-voltage generator" "X-ray tube, control console, and high-voltage generator" "X-ray tube, high-voltage generator, and image receptor" "X-ray tube, protective housing, and high-voltage" Question 33 1/1 A diagnostic x-ray tube is an example of which of the following? Show answer choices Cathode Diode Tetrode Anode Electrode Question 34 1/1 "If saturation is achieved and the filament current is fixed, tube current:" Show answer choices Decreases with use Falls with increasing kVp Remains fixed Rises with increasing exposure time Rises with increasing kVp Question 35 1/1 Tungsten is the choice material for x-ray anodes because of its: Show answer choices High atomic number High rpm High x-ray intensity Low atomic number Low rpm Question 36 1/1 If radiographic technique in a tungsten target at 60 kVp/80 mAs is changed to 80 kVp/80 mAs: Show answer choices Additional filtration is required. Bremsstrahlung x-ray intensity remains unchanged Characteristic x-ray intensity remains unchanged The number of projectile electrons increase The number of x-rays produced increases Question 37 1/1 Which of the following factors primarily affects the low-energy side of the x-ray emission spectrum? Show answer choices Exposure time Filtration Tube current Tube voltage Voltage waveform Question 38 1/1 The intensity of x-ray exposure is best represented by: Show answer choices The amplitude of the bremsstrahlung x-ray emission spectrum The amplitude of the characteristic x-ray emission spectrum The amplitude of the highest emission spectrum The area under the emission spectrum The energy range of the emission spectrum Question 39 1/1 An increase in mAs results in an increase in: Show answer choices Average x-ray energy Both characteristic and bremsstrahlung x-rays Minimum wavelength Only the bremsstrahlung x-rays Only the characteristic x-rays Question 40 3/3 Tungsten is the target material of choice for general radiography for three main reasons: high melting point, high atomic number, high conduction Question 41 1/1 X-rays that escape through the tube housing is called _____________leakage radiation Question 42 0/1 Electrons when they're "boiled off" from the cathode side, this is referred to as thermionic efficiency. T True F False Feedback thermionic emission Question 43 1/1 Unlike charges attract; like charges repel. T True F False Question 44 1/1 The external portion of the x-ray tube consist of the cathode and anode. T True F False Question 45 1/1 The external portion of the x-ray tube consist of the cathode and anode. T True F False Question 46 1/1 The filament transformer is a step-down transformer; therefore the voltage supplied to the filament is lower (by a factor equal to the turns ratio) than the voltage supplied to the filament transformer. T True F False Question 47 1/1 This component automatically terminates the exposure when the IR has received the required radiation intensity.AEC Question 48 1/1 This component automatically terminates the exposure when the IR has received the required radiation intensity.AEC Question 49 0/1 Inherent Filtration removes long energy radiation which can damage to the patients skin and potentially develop skin reddening (Erythema). T True F False Feedback Added filtration Question 50 1/1 Full-wave rectification or high-frequency voltage generation is used in almost all stationary x-ray imaging systems T True F False Question 51 1/1 Full-wave rectification or high-frequency voltage generation is used in almost all stationary x-ray imaging systems T True F CHAPTER 9-12 Question 1 2/2 The two common types of x-ray interactions in x-ray imaging are:compton scatter and photoelectric Question 2 1/1 When mAs is doubled, the number of projectile electrons striking the tube target is doubled, and therefore the number of x-rays emitted is doubled. T True F False Question 3 1/1 X-ray quantity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source is known asinverse square law Question 4 1/1 Which of the following is not one of the five basic x-ray interactions with matter? Show answer choices Bremsstrahlung Classical scattering Compton scattering Photodisintegration Photoelectric effect Question 5 1/1 After Compton scattering, the scattered x-ray has: Show answer choices Higher energy Higher frequency Less mass Longer wavelength Lower velocity/energy Question 6 1/1 The Compton effect is: Show answer choices Also called classical scattering The principal source of image noise (fog) The same as Rayleigh scattering The same as the Thomson effect The source of static marks on film Question 7 1/1 Once in the CR reader, in order for the IP to be reused again, it will be flooded with: Show answer choices Red light Blue light Green light White/intense light No light Question 8 1/1 What is the principal difference between screen-film radiography and computed radiography? Show answer choices Analog vs digital Involves light Requires processing The cassette Uses an imaging plate Question 9 1/1 Doping of a PSP with europium results in: Show answer choices Better contrast resolution Better spatial resolution Higher x-ray absorption Lower patient dose More stimulable light emission Question 10 1/1 Many milestones stand out in the development of the modern computer, but perhaps the most important is the: Show answer choices CPU Discovery of x-rays ENIAC Flip-flop Transistor Question 11 1/1 Which of the following would be found in the CPU? Show answer choices Network card A DVD An arithmetic unit LUT Secondary Storage Question 12 1/1 The quality of an x-ray beam is principally a function of which of the following? Show answer choices Field size Filtration kVp mAs SID Question 13 1/1 It is often stated that mAs controls quantity and kVp controls: Show answer choices Filtration Filtration Output Quality SID Question 14 1/1 Which of the following has the lowest effective atomic number? Show answer choices Air Bone Fat/Adipose Tissue Lung Muscle Question 15 0/1 As a result of photoelectric interaction: Show answer choices An electron is absorbed Photoelectron is created The incident x-ray leaves the atom with more energy The incident x-ray leaves the atom with reduced energy. Question 16 1/1 Spatial resolution in CR is principally determined by: Show answer choices Fast-scan rate Field of view Laser beam diameter Phosphor size Slow-scan rate Question 17 1/1 The source of the stimulating light in CR is: Show answer choices Emitted light The laser The optical path The photometer X-radiation Question 18 1/1 "When the kVp is increased, x-ray quantity:" Show answer choices Decreases in proportion to kVp2 Decreases proportionately Increases in proportion to kVp2 Increases proportionately Remains the same Question 19 1/1 In general, x-ray quantity will increase with a/an: Show answer choices Decrease in exposure time Decrease in tube current Increase in distance Increase in filtration Increase in kVp Question 20 1/1 To maintain a constant optical density, what percentage increase in kVp should be accompanied by a reduction of one-half in mAs? Show answer choices 5% 10% 15% 30% 50% Question 21 1/1 The HVL is affected principally by a change in which of the following? Show answer choices Filter thickness kVp mAs SID X-ray intensity Question 22 1/1 An increase in kVp will _____ x-ray energy and ______ x-ray intensity. Show answer choices Increase; decrease Increase; increase Decrease; increase Decrease; decrease Increase; no effect Question 23 1/1 An aluminum filter: Show answer choices Decreases the intensity of all energies of the x-ray beam Increases skin dose Is not necessary below 50 kVp Of at least 1 cm is required Reduces the effective energy of the beam Question 24 1/1 An x-ray beam filter has the greatest effect on dose reduction to the: Show answer choices Gonads Lens Skin Thyroid Whole body Question 25 1/1 An x-ray beam can be made harder by increasing which of the following? Show answer choices Filtration mA mAs SID SSD Question 26 1/1 The IP has lead backing that reduces backscatter x-rays. T True F False Question 27 4/4 The four principal characteristics of any medical image are:contrast, noise, spatial resolution, artifacts Question 28 1/1 Which of the following best represents an analog device? Show answer choices A gasoline pump register A DVD player A traditional photograph A point-of-sale register A raffle ticket Question 29 1/1 The term stored program means which of the following? Show answer choices Digital instead of analog must be used Instructions can be placed in memory Memory can be expanded Only binary data can be manipulated The binary number system must be used. Question 30 1/1 Which type of computer processing is used in radiologic imaging? Show answer choices Batch processing Off-line processing On-line processing Real-time processing Time-share processing Question 31 0/1 In order for pair production x-ray interaction to occur, the incident electron must have an energy of at least Show answer choices 1.02 KeV 1.02 MeV 102 mEv 10 KeV 1.0 MeV Question 32 0/1 During Photodisintegration x-ray interaction with matter, the nucleus is raised to an excited state and emits a nucleoid or nuclear fragile. T True F False Feedback Double check the spelling- emits a nucleoid or nuclear fragment. Question 33 1/1 Anatomic structures that readily transmit x-rays: Show answer choices Are called radiolucent Are called radiopaque Have a high effective atomic number Have a high probability for photoelectric effect Usually have high mass density Question 34 0/1 "As kVp increases, the relative number of x-rays:" Show answer choices That is reflected decreases That is transmitted decreases That interacts by way of Compton effect increases That interacts by way of the photoelectric effect increases That interacts with tissue increase Question 35 1/1 The reduction in intensity of an x-ray beam after it passes through tissue is called: Show answer choices Absorption Attenuation Exponential Interaction Scattering Question 36 1/1 "In high-kVp chest radiography, contrast depends most upon:" Show answer choices Atomic number mAs Mass density (body habitus) Mass number SID Question 37 1/1 More contrast is present from a barium examination than from an iodine examination because: Show answer choices Barium has a higher atomic number Barium has a higher concentration Barium has a higher mass attenuation coefficient The K edge of Ba is higher The luminal size is greater for colon than for ureter Question 38 1/1 Photoelectric effect interaction is more effective in absorbers with Show answer choices High tissue level Low tissue level Low atomic number High atomic number Remains unchanged Question 39 1/1 When a radiograph is taken: Show answer choices High kVp is preferred for maximum differential absorption Low kVp is necessary when soft tissue is imaged because it leads to high Compton effect Low kVp is necessary when soft tissue is imaged because it leads to high photoelectric effect The most probable interaction is no interaction "With increasing kVp, differential absorption increases" Question 40 1/1 Air-contrast studies such as a colon examination are successful principally for which of the following reasons? Show answer choices High-kVp technique is used Low-kVp technique is used There are differences in effective x-ray energy There are differences in mass density X-rays are produced with a continuous-energy spectrum Question 41 1/1 About how much time can pass between exposing a CR cassette and reading a CR cassette before image quality declines? Show answer choices 1 hour 10 minutes 8 hours 3 weeks 6 days Question 42 1/1 Added filtration with addition to inherent filtration will equal to ___________ __________________total filtration Question 431/1 The inherent filtration found in a general x-ray tube is approximately- Show answer choices 0 mm Al 0.5 mm Al 1.0 mm Al 3.0 mm Al 10 mm Al Question 44 3/3 Name at least three input devices for a computer:mouse, keyboard, microphone Question 450/1 Telepathy is the practice in which radiologists remotelyinterpret medical images and report the results. T True F False Feedback Double check the spelling- teleradiography Question 46 4/4 What are the four principal imaging characteristics?contrast, noise, spatial resolution, artifact CHAPTER 13-16 Question 1 This specific radiographic equipment is used to measure the thickness of the anatomy/body part being imaged _____caliper Question 2 The thicker the patient, the less radiation is required to penetrate the patient to expose the IR. T True F False Question 3 Radiolucent tissue attenuate less x-rays and appear as white on the radiograph. T True F False Question 4 Spatial Resolution refers to the sharpness of an image/radiograph. T True F False Question 5 Distortion is the misinterpretation of object size and shape on an image. The two types of distortion are:elongation and foreshortening Question 6 The four prime factors are:kVp, mA, time, SID Question 7 As Radiographers, we're able to use this function on the control panel where the x-ray exposure is terminated when the proper radiation exposure to the IR has been reached.AEC Question 8 If the required technique is 2.5 mAs and the mA station selected is 100 mA, what is the required exposure time? 0.010 seconds 0.020 seconds 0.025 seconds 0.25 seconds 25 seconds Question 9 What are the "3 C's" of digital radiography (DR)?coupling, collect, capture Question 10 CCD is used for indirection conversion digital radiography. T True F False Question 11 Which of the following is an advantage of an area beam over SPR in digital radiography? Improved contrast Less scatter Less technique required Low noise Reduced motion blur Question 12 Which of the following is used as an image receptor in direct radiography? An image intensifier CaWO4 CdW4 a-Se Rare earth phosphors Question 13 What is the effective atomic number of soft tissue? 6.3 7.4 7.6 10.5 13.8 Question 14 For a given anatomic part, the smallest change in mAs that can be perceived on the radiographic image is approximately: 5% 15% 30% 50% 70% Question 15 When radiographic technique is changed from 12.5 mAs, 100 cm SID, to 150 cm SID, what should be the new mAs? 18 mAs 20 mAs 22 mAs 28 mAs 32 mAs Question 16 The radiologic technologist cannot change the type of high-voltage generator used because: A change can be made only by the medical physicist It is fixed at the time of purchase/ you cannot alter Only the radiologic engineer can make that change Only the radiologist can make that change. The service engineer determines this at installation Question 17 What is the principal advantage of high-frequency generators? Better spatial resolution Enhanced radiation quality Increased radiation quantity and quality Reduced radiation quantity Reduced radiation quantity and quality Question 18 Magnification radiography increases when _____ increases. Focal spot OID SID SOD SSD Question 19 A longer grayscale on a radiograph can be obtained by doing which of the following? Increasing kVp Increasing mAs Reducing kVp Reducing mAs Using a larger focal spot Question 20 You're examining a patient which requires a three view foot x-ray. However, the patient is unable to place their foot completely flat on the IR for all three positions. As a result, there is OID from this examination. In order to reduce OID, what can you do? Increase SSD Decrease SID Increase SID Increase OID Decrease OID Question 21 Distortion of an x-ray image results from unequal: Exposure of the object Focal spot Heel effect Magnification SID Question 22 To obtain minimum magnification, one should do which of the following? Make sure the object is positioned on the central axis Position the anatomy close to the image receptor Select a short SID Select a short SSD Use maximum collimation Question 23 Which of the following is the principal disadvantage of the use of an area beam versus scanned projection radiography? Increased patient dose Lack of post-examination processing Reduced spatial resolution Scatter radiation Short exposure time Question 24 An x-ray system used for direct radiography definitely has which of the following? A linear H&D curve A method of printing film A rapid film changer Access to the Internet At least two video monitors Question 25 Which is most important for soft tissue contrast? Contrast resolution Spatial resolution High lp/mm Noise Scatter Question 26 Spatial frequency consists of units of: Line length Line pair Line pair/millimeter Millimeter Millimeter/line pair Question 27 If the dynamic range of a magnetic resonance imaging system is 12 bits, how many shades of gray are present? 1024 2048 4096 8192 16,384 Question 28 Patient radiation dose should be lower when digital imaging is used than when screen-film imaging is used, principally because of: Detective quantum efficiency kVp mAs MTF Noise Question 29 Technique creep is an attempt to reduce patient radiation dose by instituting: Increased detective quantum efficiency (DQE) Increased kVp and reduced mAs Increased mAs and reduced kVp Increased mAs and reduced noise No repeats Question 30 Which of the following has the least voltage ripple? High-frequency Single-phase, full-wave Single-phase, half-wave Three-phase, six-pulse Three-phase, 12-pulse Question 31 Conventional tomography uses which of the following principles? Tridimensional image Optical illusion Motion blur Random movement Stereoscopy Question 32 For a chest radiographic examination, radiographic contrast can be increased by doing which of the following? Increasing the kVp and decreasing the mAs Increasing the OID Increasing the SID Using a faster image receptor Using a high-ratio grid Question 33 An anteroposterior examination of the abdomen is taken at 80 kVp, 50 mAs, and 100 cm SID. If the scale of contrast is to be shortened, the radiologic technologist must do which of the following? Increase both mAs and kVp Reduce both mAs and kVp Reduce kVp and increase mAs Reduce mAs and increase kVp Shorten the SID Question 34 When radiographic technique factors are adjusted to provide an acceptable image and then filtration is added to the x-ray tube, which of the following will increase? Average energy of the x-ray beam Optical density Patient dose Radiographic contrast Spatial resolution Question 35 MTF should be: 1 or 100% 10% 1000% 10,000 Question 36 Using digital radiography, some of the capture element include the following EXCEPT: Sodium Iodide (NaI) cesium iodide (CsI) gadolinium oxysulfide (GdOS) amphorous selenium (a-Se) CMOS Question 37 Which of the following has the highest spatial resolution? Gamma Camera Magnetic Resonance Imaging Digital Radiography Ultrasound Mammography Question 38 In digital radiography, one would want a low SNR. T True F False Question 39 The _____ is the controlling factor of x-ray intensity. kVp mA time (seconds) filtration SID Question 40 _____________ reduces patient motion and blur. Fast exposure time Short exposure time Short current Fast current Short breathing instructions Question 41 The two types of filtration that can be found within and outside the x-ray tube are:Aluminum and Copper Question 42 The most average body habitus build is a sthenic person. T True F False Question 43 Image distortion occurs when there is a misalignment of the x-ray tube (i.e. angulation) T True F False CHAPTER 17-20 Question 1 1/1 The ____________________ deals with patient schedules (radiology), protocol descriptors, diagnostic conclusions/reports, and billing.RIS Question 2 1/1 Scotopic deals with bright light vision with cones. T True F False Question 3 1/1 Photopic deals with dim light vision with rods. T True F False Question 4 1/1 The best way of viewing a digital display device is at it's peripheral ends. T True F False Question 5 2/2 Today, now all images displayed on a digital display device is a TV monitor. What are the two common monitors used in radiography?LED, LCD Question 61/1 LCDs has a low intrinsic noise, and this also results in a better ________ Show answer choices spatial resolution frequency contrast resolution luminance SNR Question 7 1/1 Postprocessing the radiographic image includes all of the following except: Show answer choices Annotation Window/Level Magnification Region of Interest (ROI) Image inversion Question 8 1/1 A hardcopy film/image is the same as viewing that radiograph on a mobile/portable x-ray machine display. T True F False Question 9 1/1 Using this feature for postprocessing is when the image is opposite color i.e. bone appears as black color and soft tissue/contrast media appear as a white appearance.inversion Question 10 1/1 What type of an impression will a radiologist perform when they first glance at an image? Show answer choices Global Social Specific Overall Question 11 0/1 Higher object contrast is required for image perception under low ___________. Show answer choices illumination ergonomics luminence spatial resolution contrast resolution Question 12 1/1 How can one evaluate ambient light reflected from the screen of a digital display device? Show answer choices Cycle the room lighting on and off Turn off the screen Turn off the screen and room lighting Turn off the room lighting and cycle screen on and off Turn off the room lighting while viewing the screen Question 13 1/1 "During the 20th century, image quality control (QC) concentrated on wet chemistry and view boxes. Today, QC concentrates on _____" Show answer choices digital display devices and ergonomics dry chemistry and wet chemistry Pixel size and dynamic range spatial resolution and contrast resolution workstations and reading room Question 14 1/1 Which of the following image distortions is not associated with a digital display device? Show answer choices Distance Object shape Pincushion Pixel deletion Size Question 15 1/1 Approximately how long does it take the human eye to focus on an image on a digital display device? Show answer choices 1 ms 10 ms 100 ms 200 ms 2000 ms Question 16 1/1 What is an appropriate description of foveal vision? Show answer choices Best visual acuity Dim image High contrast image Image search Peripheral vision Question 17 1/1 "When the radiologist interprets an image to be abnormal and the image is later shown to be normal, how is that interpretation labelled?" Show answer choices False negative False positive True negative True positive Visual accommodation Question 18 1/1 Photopic vision is associated with: Show answer choices Night vision Cone vision Dim light Black and white vision Rod vision Question 19 1/1 The luminance of a digital display device is measured in Show answer choices Candelas Candelas per meter squared Foot-candles Lumens Luxes Question 20 1/1 Digital display device noise principally affects what image characteristic? Show answer choices Artifacts Contrast resolution Dynamic range Pixel size Spatial resolution Question 21 1/1 Which of the following electronic medical imaging programs supports patient scheduling and digital image protocols? Show answer choices HIS (Hospital Information System) HL7 (Health Level 7) IHE (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise) PACS (Picture Archiving and communication System) RIS (Radiology Information System) Question 22 1/1 Photometry is the science of the: Show answer choices Anatomy of human vision Measurement of photographic images Quantity of light Reflection and refraction of light Measurement of the response of the human eye Question 23 1/1 "With digital radiography, the cosine law applies to:" Show answer choices Grayscale imaging Image inversion Inverse square law Off-axis viewing Reduced spatial resolution Question 24 1/1 The fluoroscope was invented by: Show answer choices Alexander Bell Hollis Potter Jan Marconi Thomas Edison Wilhelm Roentgen Question 250/1 Where are rods located in the eye? Show answer choices Iris Retina Fovea centralis Pupil Cornea Question 26 1/1 Which of the following structures is most sensitive to color? Show answer choices Cone Fovea centralis Rod Cornea Iris Question 27 1/1 Visual acuity is the ability to do which of the following? Show answer choices Control the amount of light entering the eye Detect differences in brightness Distinguish colors Perceive fine detail Vary depth of field Question 28 1/1 The four principal components of a PACS include each of the following except the: Show answer choices Acquisition system Display system Storage system Storage system Workstation Question 29 1/1 Which of the following exploded in frequency of application during COVID-19? Show answer choices Computed tomography Nuclear medicine PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) RIS (Radiology Information System) Teleradiology Question 30 1/1 The principal application of DICOM (Digital Information and Communication) is to Show answer choices Describe symptoms and disease Describe the medical imaging procedure Process medical images Process textual data Process workflow profiles Question 31 1/1 The radiologic technologist is responsible for producing a quality medical image with attention to each of the following except: Show answer choices contrast resolution image artifacts image noise spatial resolution temporal resolution Question 32 1/1 The ability to detect colors and bright lights is associated with: Show answer choices Cones only vision Rods only vision Foveal vision Peripheral vision Visual search Question 33 1/1 How do we measure digital image illumination? Show answer choices Illumen Lumen LUX Search Sensitivity Question 34 1/1 One lumen per square meter is one ____________. Show answer choices cone illumen illux lux rod Question 35 1/1 Sensitivity is defined as Show answer choices false negative fraction false positive fraction total negative fraction true negative fraction true positive fraction. Question 36 1/1 Ergonomics requires the quality control (QC) technologist to have some metric data knowledge of each of the following except: Show answer choices illumination noise temperature work schedule workstation Question 37 0/1 Which of the following occupations do you think should have the most knowledge of ergonomics? Show answer choices Chef Medical physicist Office furniture sales person Radiologic technologist Radiologist Question 38 1/1 The false positive rate (FPR) could also be properly termed probability of Show answer choices abnormality. condition detection false alarm normal tissue Question 39 1/1 Which of the following are not associated with performance assessment standards? Show answer choices SMPTE NEMA-DICOM DIN VESA CCD Question 40 1/1 The cones are concentrated at the center of the retina in an area called the Show answer choices Cornea Iris Fovea Centralis Retina Question 41 1/1 Higher object contrast is required for image perception under low illuminance. T True F False Question 42 1/1 PACS’ primary use is to: Show answer choices Postprocess an image Preprocess an image Store digital images Increase the size of the file room Question 43 1/1 PACS’ primary use is to: Show answer choices Postprocess an image Preprocess an image Store digital images Increase the size of the file room Question 44 1/1 Compared with a radiographic examination, the primary purpose of a fluoroscopic examination is to visualize: Show answer choices Cross-sectional images Dynamic images Longitudinal images Transverse images Question 45 1/1 Compared with a radiographic examination, the primary purpose of a fluoroscopic examination is to visualize: Show answer choices Cross-sectional images Dynamic images Longitudinal images Transverse images Question 46 1/1 Compared with a radiographic examination, the primary purpose of a fluoroscopic examination is to visualize: Show answer choices cross-sectional images dynamic images longitudinal images transverse images Question 47 3/3 Name at least three principal components of a PACS system:store image, display image, image retrieval
