General Chemistry Lecture 1 PDF
Document Details
Uploaded by Deleted User
Tags
Summary
This document provides an introduction to general chemistry, covering topics such as matter, different states of matter (solid, liquid, gas), and the differences between them. It also discusses the classification of matter into pure substances and mixtures.
Full Transcript
0121345ÿ7819 3ÿ 232ÿÿ7819 3ÿ ÿ ÿ 4 13ÿÿ31ÿ 13 1 ÿ 4 13ÿ ÿ!"#$% "&ÿ$%!$ÿ%!ÿ'! ÿ!"(ÿ)**+, -ÿ,!*-.ÿ/$0ÿ$%-ÿ1+"(!'-"$!2ÿ3+ 2( "&ÿ32)*4ÿ)1ÿ $%-ÿ+" 5-6-.ÿ7% 2-ÿ8-ÿ*!"0$ÿ--ÿ!$)' ÿ8 $%ÿ$%-ÿ"!4-(ÿ-#-9ÿ-5-6#$% "&ÿ8-ÿ$)+*%9ÿ$!$-9ÿ'-229ÿ )6ÿ%-!6ÿ ÿ*...
0121345ÿ7819 3ÿ 232ÿÿ7819 3ÿ ÿ ÿ 4 13ÿÿ31ÿ 13 1 ÿ 4 13ÿ ÿ!"#$% "&ÿ$%!$ÿ%!ÿ'! ÿ!"(ÿ)**+, -ÿ,!*-.ÿ/$0ÿ$%-ÿ1+"(!'-"$!2ÿ3+ 2( "&ÿ32)*4ÿ)1ÿ $%-ÿ+" 5-6-.ÿ7% 2-ÿ8-ÿ*!"0$ÿ--ÿ!$)' ÿ8 $%ÿ$%-ÿ"!4-(ÿ-#-9ÿ-5-6#$% "&ÿ8-ÿ$)+*%9ÿ$!$-9ÿ'-229ÿ )6ÿ%-!6ÿ ÿ*)',)-(ÿ)1ÿ$%--ÿ$ "#ÿ,!6$ *2-.ÿ :1ÿ843413 ÿÿ94 13ÿ ;ÿ4 ÿ=ÿ'-!+6-ÿ)1ÿ$%-ÿ!')+"$ÿ)1ÿ'!$$-6ÿ "ÿ!"ÿ)3>-*$.ÿ ?;ÿ@591ÿA%-ÿ!')+"$ÿ)1ÿ,!*-ÿ!"ÿ)3>-*$ÿ)**+, -.ÿ B;ÿC41ÿD!$$-6ÿ*!"ÿ-E $ÿ "ÿ5!6 )+ÿ$!$-9ÿ+*%ÿ!ÿ)2 (9ÿ2 F+ (9ÿ&!9ÿ,2!'!9ÿ!"(ÿ)$%-6.ÿ G81ÿH3ÿC41ÿÿ4 13ÿ 4 13ÿ*!"ÿ3-ÿ(-*6 3-(ÿ ',2#ÿ!ÿ$%-ÿI Iÿ$%!$ÿ'!4-ÿ+,ÿ!22ÿ'!$-6 !2ÿ$% "&ÿ "ÿ$%-ÿ+" 5-6-.ÿ /"ÿ1!*$9ÿ819 3ÿÿ4ÿ121ÿ84ÿ145ÿ 8ÿ94 13ÿ42ÿ81ÿ842J1ÿ84ÿÿ213J1.ÿ H3ÿ41ÿÿ94 13ÿ431ÿK13 4K51ÿ2ÿ1 134ÿ51ÿ5Lÿ5MLÿJ4ÿ42ÿN5494.ÿO+6$%-6ÿ $!$-ÿ!6-ÿ,) 32-ÿ3+$ÿ()ÿ")$ÿ"!$+6!22#ÿ)**+6ÿ "ÿ)+6ÿ-"5 6)"'-"$.ÿ P13121ÿK1 112ÿC5LÿQMLÿ041ÿ42ÿR5494ÿ =ÿ5ÿ%!ÿ!ÿ12 1ÿ84N1ÿ42ÿ 591.ÿD!"#ÿ)2 (ÿ!6-ÿ*6#$!22 "-Sÿ$%-#ÿ%!5-ÿ$%6--Tÿ ( '-" )"!2ÿ%!,-.ÿU)2 (ÿ!6-ÿ5-6#ÿ( 11 *+2$ÿ$)ÿ3-ÿ*)',6- -(ÿ3-*!+-ÿ$%-ÿ')2-*+2-ÿ!6-ÿ!26-!(#ÿ 5-6#ÿ*2)-ÿ$)&-$%-6.ÿÿ V"2 4-ÿ)2 (9ÿ5Mÿ4W1ÿ81ÿ84N1ÿÿ813ÿ24213ÿ1X1Nÿ3ÿ4ÿJ1213455ÿ54ÿ341ÿ 4ÿ81ÿN.ÿY 4-ÿ)2 (9ÿ%)8-5-69ÿ2 F+ (ÿ94242ÿ4ÿ21435ÿ2 42ÿ 591ÿ42ÿ 13ÿ 5ÿÿK1ÿ9N31 1.ÿ=2)9ÿ+"2 4-ÿ)2 (9ÿ5Mÿ5 9ÿ3+$ÿ)'-ÿ2 F+ (ÿ12)8ÿ')6-ÿ 6-!( 2#ÿ$%!"ÿ)$%-6.ÿA%-ÿ ÿÿ4ÿ5Mÿ ÿ4ÿ91431ÿÿ ÿ31 421ÿÿ5 ÿ!"(ÿ ÿ)"-ÿ )1ÿ$%-ÿ,-* !2ÿ,6),-6$ -ÿ)1ÿ-!*%ÿ2 F+ (.ÿÿ 041ÿÿ2ÿ84 1ÿ4ÿ12 1ÿ84N1ÿ3ÿ 591Sÿ$%-#ÿ$!4-ÿ$%-ÿ%!,-ÿ!"(ÿ5)2+'-ÿ)1ÿ$%-ÿ *)"$! "-6ÿ$%-#ÿ)**+,#.ÿ041ÿ1XN42ÿÿ55ÿ9N5115ÿ 841 13ÿ24213ÿ81ÿN 9ÿ3+$ÿ !2)ÿ42ÿK1ÿ9N31 1ÿ2ÿ945513ÿ24213.ÿO)6ÿ-E!',2-9ÿ! 6ÿ*!"ÿ3-ÿ*)',6- -(ÿ "$)ÿ!ÿ $--2ÿ$!"4ÿ!"(ÿ+-(ÿ3#ÿ!ÿ( 5-69ÿ+"(-6ÿ8!$-69ÿ1)6ÿ!ÿ,-6 )(ÿ)1ÿ$ '-.ÿZ!-ÿ!2)ÿ1ÿ6!, (2#Sÿ $%!$ÿ 9ÿ$%-#ÿ' Eÿ8 $%ÿ)$%-6ÿ&!-ÿ!ÿ$%-#ÿ')5-ÿ$)ÿ1 22ÿ$%-ÿ!5! 2!32-ÿ,!*-.ÿ3ÿ ÿ!ÿ' E$+6-ÿ)1ÿ -5-6!2ÿ&!-ÿ "*2+( "&ÿ2 3J12ÿ[\]^;9ÿXJ12ÿ[?^;9ÿ!ÿ2 $$2-ÿ43J2ÿ[2- ÿ$%!"ÿ^;9ÿ!"(ÿ$6!*-ÿ )1ÿ)$%-6ÿ&!-ÿ "*2+( "&ÿ43K2ÿX1ÿ!"(ÿ212.ÿA%-ÿ')2-*+2-ÿ)1ÿ&!-ÿ!6-ÿ')5 "&ÿ4 13ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 0121345ÿ7819 3ÿ 232ÿÿ7819 3ÿ ÿ ÿÿ ÿ !ÿ!ÿ !ÿ!ÿÿ" # ÿ ÿ$ÿ%ÿ"& $ÿ ÿÿ'3(242ÿ3429ÿ 9)1912*ÿÿ +5494ÿ,-./012ÿ456.ÿ,.78082.ÿ/459.ÿ-:ÿ6-;ÿÿ$?ÿ >ÿ$ÿ@ "ÿ%ÿ1513455ÿ 2)1AÿB31ÿ94C21ÿD15ÿ42ÿ1513ÿ3312*ÿEÿ# ÿ ÿ@ & Fÿ#%$!ÿ # ÿG "ÿ ÿÿÿ ÿ % Fÿ"& $ÿ #%*ÿHÿ #%ÿ Gÿ"%ÿ ÿ@ "ÿÿ ÿ#!#ÿ #% # F*ÿIJ"@ ÿ ÿ"%ÿ ÿ@ "ÿKÿL?ÿÿ $?ÿ #% #ÿ@%>ÿ!ÿ @ "ÿHM*ÿNÿC4ÿ ÿ455ÿ2)131ÿÿB5494ÿOÿ814 2Cÿÿ1P31915ÿ8C8ÿ 19B13431ÿQÿ!% $ÿ# %ÿ RÿG%ÿ #%ÿ &ÿÿ"ÿ!ÿ %"ÿÿÿ ÿ %ÿ #%*ÿ 213951543ÿD31ÿO1(112ÿ81ÿ95151ÿ H%ÿ ÿÿ>Fÿ !ÿÿFÿ !ÿ!%!ÿ ÿFÿ%ÿÿ@@%# ÿÿ! %#ÿ SGÿÿ %ÿÿ ÿ"%?ÿFÿ !ÿ>Gÿÿÿÿ!@!ÿÿÿ 213951543ÿD31ÿSGÿÿ" # ÿ!ÿÿ81ÿ19B13431ÿ3ÿ813945ÿ1213Cÿ G #ÿ"&ÿ"ÿ@%*ÿ Hÿ 421ÿSGÿÿ" # ÿ ÿC41ÿ42ÿB5494ÿ ÿ% & Fÿ52Cÿ!ÿÿ %" # %ÿ %#ÿSGÿÿ" # ÿ%ÿ)13ÿ(14TÿGÿ#"@%!ÿG ÿÿ" # ÿ ÿ5ÿ42ÿ5UÿG%ÿÿ %" # %ÿ %#ÿSGÿÿ" # ÿ%ÿ32Cÿ!ÿ #ÿÿ" # ÿ%ÿ)13ÿ51*ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 0121345ÿ7819 3ÿ 232ÿÿ7819 3ÿ ÿ ÿ 754 4 2ÿÿ94 13ÿ 4 13ÿÿ ÿ !"ÿ!##$%$ ÿ$& ÿ&' ÿ& ( $ #)ÿ*31ÿ+ 421ÿÿ9 ,31ÿ-./0123ÿ567ÿ 831ÿ9+ 421ÿ :ÿ*31ÿ+ 421ÿ;#ÿÿ2 42ÿ9* 2ÿÿ*3*131ÿ&; # ÿ %ÿ;" ( ÿÿ K"( 7ÿ ,31ÿ :ÿ9 ,31ÿ$#ÿÿ=& $!ÿ => # ÿ %ÿIÿ3ÿ931ÿ+ 4217ÿM!$C ÿ>
