Wood Science: How Woods Grow PDF

**[HOW THE WOODS GROW]**   [CELLS]- A MICROSCOPING STRUCTURE OF A TREE THAT CONSIST TINY HOLLOW TUBES - THEY ALIGHT VERTICALLY TO TRANSPORT WATER [RAY CELLS] - RUNS RADIALLY ACROOS THE TREE FOR STORAGE AND HORIZONTALY TO TRANSPORT FOOD.   [LIGNIN]- IT HOLDS THE CELLS TOGETHER   [CABIUM LAY...

**[HOW THE WOODS GROW]**   [CELLS]- A MICROSCOPING STRUCTURE OF A TREE THAT CONSIST TINY HOLLOW TUBES - THEY ALIGHT VERTICALLY TO TRANSPORT WATER [RAY CELLS] - RUNS RADIALLY ACROOS THE TREE FOR STORAGE AND HORIZONTALY TO TRANSPORT FOOD.   [LIGNIN]- IT HOLDS THE CELLS TOGETHER   [CABIUM LAYER]- IS THE OUTERMOST GROWTH RING   [GROWTH RINGS-] ARE THE INSIDE RINGS IN TH TREE WHEN YOU CUT IT - THEY ARE PRODUCED BY THE AGE AND MATURITY OF THE CABIUM LAYER EACH YEAR     [PITH]- IS THE CENTRE OF THE TREE   A cross section of a tree Description automatically generated   ANISOPTROPIC MANNERS THE THREE MAIN DIRECTIONS:   [LONGITUDINAL]- LENGTH OF THE TREE [TANGENTIAL]- THE RINGS OF THE TREE [RADIAL]- THE WIDTH OF DISTANCE OF EACH GROWTH RIGHTS   [WOOD IS HYCROSCOPING]- WHICH MEANS IT ABSORD WATER OR LOSES MOISTURE DEPENDING ON IT\'S ENVIRONMENT   EACH PIEC EOF LUMBER ARE GRADED BY (NLGA0 NATIONAL LUMBER GRADES AUTHORITY)   AFTER VISUALLY GRADE THE LUMBER CAN BE ALSO MACHINE STRESS GRADED TESTING ( STIFFNESS AND STRENGTH)   WOOD IS A NATURALLY GROWN MATERIAL( NOT SAME AS STEEL AND CONCRETE) IT HAS A DIFFERENT FACTORS:   GRAIN ORIENTATION:   LOAD DURATION:   TREATMENT: CAN BE TREATED TO PREVENT *DECAY* OR *FIRE*   MOISTURE CONTENT   LOAD SHARING   MEMBER SIZE       **MANUFACTURE** 1. CUT TREES AND SAW LARG EPIECES INTO LOGS 2. TRANSPORT LOGS TO THE MILL 3. DEBARK THE LOGS 4. SAW LOGS INTO LUMBER 5. SURFACE LUMBER SMOOTH 6. DRY GREEN LUMBER 7. GRADE LUMBER   ***[WOODS MAY BE SEASONED USING TWO METHODS:]*** - AIR SEASONING - KILN SEASONING   ***[DIFFERENT TYPES OF WOODS]*** - SOFTWOODS - HARDWOODS   **SPECIES GROUPS**   SPRUCE-PIN-FIR (SPR) DOUGLAS FIR LARCH (D- FIR- L) HEMLOCK FIR (HEM-FIR)       SHEATING- PROVIDES RIGIDITY AND DUSPPORT FOR ROOF LESS THAN 38 MM THICK AND ATLEAST 50MM WIDE   JOISTS- PROVIDE STRUCTURAL SUPOORT TO THE ROOF   BEAMS- PROVIDE INTERMIDIATE SUPPORT TO THE ROOF   BUILD UP SAWN TIMBER BEAMS- BUILD UP TWO OR MORE LUMBER   COLUMNS- ARE VERTICALLY SUPPORT FOR HORIZONTAL ELEMENTS   STUD WALL- THREE OR MORE VERTICAL SPACE FURTHER APART THAN 610MM   WALL FRAMING- PARTITION LOAD BARING OR NON BARING   WALL PLATES- BOTTOM WALL SPACED   LINTEL- PLACE HORIZOTALLY ON WINDOWS   SILL PLATES- LAID FLAT ON THE OFUNDATION