Tumors and Cancer Questions PDF

**Tumors and Cancer:** 1\. **What is a malignant tumor?** **Answer:** A malignant tumor is cancerous, meaning it grows uncontrollably and can spread to other parts of the body. 2\. **What is a benign tumor?** **Answer:** A benign tumor is non-cancerous and does not spread to other parts of the b...

**Tumors and Cancer:** 1\. **What is a malignant tumor?** **Answer:** A malignant tumor is cancerous, meaning it grows uncontrollably and can spread to other parts of the body. 2\. **What is a benign tumor?** **Answer:** A benign tumor is non-cancerous and does not spread to other parts of the body. 3\. **What are the types of cancers?** **Answer:** **Carcinoma:** Cancer of the skin or tissues that line organs. **Sarcoma:** Cancer of connective tissues like bones and muscles. **Melanoma:** Skin cancer. **Lymphoma:** Cancer of the lymphatic system. **Leukemia:** Cancer of the blood-forming tissues. 4\. **What is the uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells called?** **Answer:** Cancer. 5\. **Does having tumor cells in your body mean you will develop cancer?** **Answer:** No, having tumor or cancer cells does not necessarily mean they will turn into cancer. **Psychological Responses and Treatments:** 6\. **What are some cognitive responses to cancer?** **Answer:** Fatalism, helplessness, and depression. 7\. **What psychological approaches can help with cancer symptoms?** **Answer:** Positive thinking (e.g., envisioning recovery). Relaxation techniques like meditation. Social support. Pain management. Body image therapy (e.g., after a mastectomy). 8\. **What is one way to manage depression related to cancer?** **Answer:** Envisioning future positive events, such as family milestones. **Health Behaviors and Prevention:** 9\. **What are some health behaviors to prevent illnesses?** **Answer:** Regular exercise. Healthy diet. Adequate sleep. Safe driving habits. 10\. **What are two illnesses that can be prevented with a healthy lifestyle?** **Answer:** Heart disease and diabetes. **Patient-Doctor Relationship:** 11\. **What is the behavior change wheel?** **Answer:** A framework for designing health interventions that focus on patient-centered practices like communication, involving the patient in their treatment, and seeking their opinion. 12\. **What is doctor variability?** **Answer:** The differences in diagnosis and treatment plans when a patient consults different doctors. 13\. **What can affect possible treatments provided by health professionals?** **Answer:** The cause of the problem. The seriousness of the problem. The treatability of the problem. 14\. **What do patients want from health professionals?** **Answer:** Competence, communication, and kindness. 15\. **What are two factors that influence the patient-doctor relationship?** **Answer:** Gender and expertise. 16\. **Does social class affect the patient-doctor relationship?** **Answer:** Sometimes, as it can influence communication and treatment access. 17\. **What is an important aspect of communicating with patients?** **Answer:** Ensuring clear and structured communication and paying attention to both verbal and non-verbal cues. 18\. **What are some non-verbal cues patients notice from doctors?** **Answer:** Appearing hurried. Acting dismissive of patient questions. Displaying frustration or impatience. 19\. **What is medical jargon?** **Answer:** The technical terms used by doctors, which may not always be understood by patients. 20\. **What is adherence?** **Answer:** Adherence refers to following the doctor's prescribed treatment plan, including taking medications and attending therapy sessions. 21\. **What is non-adherence?** **Answer:** The opposite of adherence, where the patient deliberately stops or skips medications or therapy. 22\. **Can psychological factors interfere with treatment adherence?** **Answer:** Yes, depression or feelings of sabotage can lead patients to stop following the treatment plan. 23\. **What is depersonalization in the medical field?** **Answer:** Treating patients like numbers instead of individuals. While it may protect the doctor emotionally, it hinders effective treatment. 24\. **What can result from a lack of communication between doctors and patients?** **Answer:** Anxiety, confusion, and depression in patients. 25\. **What is the key to a successful doctor-patient relationship?** **Answer:** Open communication where patients feel comfortable sharing their concerns, and doctors actively listen and respond empathetically. **Improving the Health System:** 26\. **Why does the health system need improvement?** **Answer:** To ensure better communication, patient-centered care, and psychological training for doctors to enhance treatment outcomes. 27\. **What is one way doctors can improve communication?** **Answer:** Responding to patient inquiries within 24 hours or providing alternate points of contact when unavailable.