Earth History and Geological Time PDF

Earth History and Geological Time LESSON 5 - 2nd Quarter  Lesson Agenda 01 03 Introduction Eras An introduction to the concept of Geologic A discussion of the eras under the Time Scale, includ...

Earth History and Geological Time LESSON 5 - 2nd Quarter  Lesson Agenda 01 03 Introduction Eras An introduction to the concept of Geologic A discussion of the eras under the Time Scale, including its definition and Phanerozoic Eon, namely the Paleozoic, significance in earth history Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras 02 04 Eons Periods A discussion of the important eons in the A discussion of the numerous periods of the time scale: Precambrian (Hadean, Archean, three major geological eras and Proterozoic) and Phanerozoic  Paleontology What is Paleontology? the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants. study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils  Paleoecology What is Paleoecology? study of the relationships between organisms and their environments, and how organisms functioned in physical and biological interactions, in the geologic past.  paleoecology there are 2 types of paleoecology Two Types: (1) Paleoautecology - study of the life habits of a single fossil species and how that species related to its environment. (2) Paleosynecology - study of paleocommunities (community = groups of species that interact within a giving habitat) rather than individual species. Symbiotic Relationship and Interaction WHAT IS IT? Our ecosystem has different roles and interaction for it to work. Imagine as a company that you might work in the future.  mutualism WHAT IS IT? Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two o more species where each species benefits. commensalism WHAT IS IT? A type of relationship where one of the organisms benefits greatly from the symbiosis. The other is not helped but is not harmed or damaged from the relationship.  parasitism WHAT IS IT? A symbiosis relationship which one organism, the parasite, causes harm to another, the host which the parasite.  predation WHAT IS IT? Is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, it’s prey.  petrology What is petrology? The study of rocks (Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic) and the processes that form and transform them. We can also use petrology to determine certain fossils and date them as far as we can. Kinds of rock dating relative dating places events or rocks in their chronological sequence of occurrence without knowing their actual age. For example, a rock layer higher up is younger than the rock layers below. Kinds of rock dating ABSOLUTE DATING places actual ages of rocks and events. For example, dendrochronology dating involves counting the number of tree rings to determine how old a tree is. WHAT CAN W E FIND WITH THIS KINDS OF DATING?  FOSSILS! What are fossils exactly Fossils are the remains of organism that died millions or thousands of years ago. Fossils can be found anywhere, in the park, under buildings, in beaches, ANYWHERE!  FUN FACT! A king was found buried?! King Richard III’s remnants were found underneath a parking lot in England. He died 22nd of August 1485  Types of Fossils True form Types of Fossils mold Types of Fossils cast Types of Fossils trace The Earth Through Time An Introduction to Geologic Time Scale  Geologic Time Scale Period Era The concept of a Geologic Time Scale is When "periods" are compacted together that a "period" is a basic unit of according to their characteristics, this geological time during which a specific geologic division will comprise the so- kind of rock system is produced. called "era." Epoch Eon Some "periods" have their own When "eras" are grouped together, this subdivision; these geologic subdivisions will create the longest geologic are called "epochs." subdivision called an "eon."  Precambrian Eon More than 85% of earth's history falls under this supereon, from 4.6 billionyears ago to 540 million years ago. Hadean Eon (4.6 Billion Years ago) The solidification of the earth's continental and oceanic crust Archean Eon (4 Billion Years ago) The evolution of earth's first life forms Proterozoic Eon (2.5 Billion Years ago) The appearance of multi-celled animals and the gathering of land masses to form continents  Phanerozoic Eon Cenozoic Era (65 Million Years ago - Now This is the most recent among the eras of the Phanerozoic Era; this era marks the age of mammals and the first human evolution. Mesozoic Era (245 Million Years Ago) This era marks the beginning of dinosaurs, mammals, birds, and plants due to mass extinction. Paleozoic Era (544 Million Years Ago) The explosion of diverse marine life and the largest mass extinction of marine organisms Paleozoic Era (544 Million Years Ago) Cambrian Period (541.0 MYA) - appearance of trilobites - flourishing of algae Paleozoic Era (544 Million Years Ago) Ordovician Period (485.4 MYA) - appearance of fishes - flourishing of trilobites - flourishing of algae Paleozoic Era (544 Million Years Ago) Silurian Period (443.8 MYA) - flourishing of corals and crinoids - Appearance of terrestrial plants Paleozoic Era (544 Million Years Ago) Devonian Period (419.2 MYA) - appearance of amphibians - flourishing of fishes  Mississippian Period (358.9 MYA) Paleozoic Era (544 Million Years Ago) - appearance of amphibians - flourishing of fishes Paleozoic Era (544 Million Years Ago) pensylvannian Period (323.2 MYA) adaptations occurred in animals and plants that allowed for reproduction on dry land. In the case of plants, the adaptation was the further evolution of the seed, In the case of animals, it was the amniotic egg Paleozoic Era (544 Million Years Ago) Permian Period (298.9 MYA) Extinction of trilobites and fusulunidae (fusulunids) Mesozoic Era (245 Million Years Ago) Triassic Period (251.9 MYA) - development of reptiles - appearance of mammals - appearance of cycads Mesozoic Era (245 Million Years Ago) Jurassic Period (201.3 MYA) - flourishing of giant reptiles (Dinosaurs) - appearance of birds Mesozoic Era (245 Million Years Ago) Cretaceous Period (145.0 MYA) - extinction of dinosaurs and ammonite - appearance of gymnosperms  Paleocene Period (66.0 MYA) Cenozoic Era (65 Million Years ago significant climate changes, the breakup of Pangea, and the diversification of various life forms, including mammals and marine organisms.  Eocene Period (56.0 MYA) Cenozoic Era (65 Million Years ago containing the warmest period  Oligocene Period (33.9 MYA) Cenozoic Era (65 Million Years ago a sudden decrease in earth's temperature. The Antarctic continent had drifted to its current position at the south pole and a permanent ice cap had started to form.  Miocene Period (23.0 MYA) Cenozoic Era (65 Million Years ago mammalian lifeforms thrived the earth  Pliocene Period (5.3 MYA) Cenozoic Era (65 Million Years ago many modern mammals and the first modern humans appeared  Pleistocene Period (2.6 MYA) Cenozoic Era (65 Million Years ago the most recent episodes of global cooling, or ice ages, took place  Holocene Period (0.01 MYA) Cenozoic Era (65 Million Years ago present day  Key Points The geologic time scale distinguishes Earth's history based on life-forms that existed at certain times since the planet's formation. The geologic time scale is divided into four divisions: eon, era, period, and epoch. The concept of a Geologic Time Scale is that a "period" is a basic unit of geological time during which a specific kind of rock system is produced. When "periods" are compacted together according to their characteristics, this geologic division will comprise the so-called "era." When "eras" are grouped together, this will create the longest geologic subdivision called an "eon."