Q2-SHS-EAPP-Module-2 PDF

11 English for Academic and Professional Purposes Quarter 2 – Module 2: Writing a Position Paper 1 Grade 11 – English for Academic and Professional Purposes Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 2: Writing a Position Paper First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 82...

11 English for Academic and Professional Purposes Quarter 2 – Module 2: Writing a Position Paper 1 Grade 11 – English for Academic and Professional Purposes Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 2: Writing a Position Paper First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writer: Shan Mar S. Ybaňez Editors: Marilyn C. Braganza, Fatima O. Bringas Reviewers: Divilyn M. Rodriguez Illustrator: Laurel K. Roa Layout Artist: Melanio R. Florino Jr. Template Developer: Neil Edward D. Diaz Management Team: Reynaldo M. Guillena Jinky B. Firman Marilyn V. Deduyo Alma C. Cifra Aris B. Juanillo May Ann M. Jumuad Printed in the Philippines by Davao City Division Learning Resources Management Development System (LRMDS) Department of Education – Davao City Division, Region XI Office Address: Elpidio Quirino Ave., Poblacion District, Davao City, 8000 Davao del Sur Telefax: (082) 224-3274, (082) 222-1672 E-mail Address: [email protected] 2  11 English for Academic and Professional Purposes Quarter 2 – Module 2: Writing a Position Paper i Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the English for Academic and Professional Purposes Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) module on Writing a Position Paper. The activities in this module are arranged sequentially to help the learners understand the topic and develop the desired skill or learning competency. As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Remind the learner that if there are things he/she doesn‟t understand, he/she must not hesitate to call for your help and assistance. For the learner: Welcome to the English for Academic and Professional Purposes Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) module on Writing a Position Paper. The activities in this module are arranged sequentially to help you understand the topic and develop the desired skill or learning competency. As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different activities in the module. If there are things you don‟t understand, do not hesitate to call your facilitator / teacher for assistance. The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Do not forget to answer Let us Try before moving on to the other activities in the module. 3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. We hope that you will find meaningful learning as you go through the different activities in this module. ii  Let Us Learn In this module you will learn how to use transition words and how to write an effective position paper. Learning the usage of transition words would help build up coherent relationships within the text, while learning how to write a position paper would help defend your argument in making a stand. You may be able to use transition words and position paper in written outputs. May you find significant learning experiences and joy from this module. Let‟s start the fun and learning now. After going through this module, you are expected to: ✓ Identify the features of an effective position paper. ✓ Use transitions to connect ideas. ✓ Write an effective position paper. Let Us Try Activity 1 Directions: Read the following items carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which of the following words show comparison? a. and c. like b. but d. because 2. Which of the following words show conclusion? a. moreover c. such as b. nevertheless d. thus 3. There are many ways to make tasks more pleasant. For instance, listening to a lively music while working. What is the function of the highlighted phrase? a. to contrast c. to show time b. to give examples d. to summarize 4. Even though I‟m allergic to fur, my pet is a dog. What is the function of the highlighted phrase? a. to contrast c. to show time b. to give examples d. to summarize 1  5. Asia created 24.9 million metric tons of e-waste in 2019. Next were the Americas with 13.1 million metric tons and Europe with 12 million metric tons. What is the function of the highlighted transitional device? a. to contrast c. to show time b. to give examples d. to summarize Activity 2 Directions: Read and answer the following questions. Choose the best option provided. 1. Which of the following parts of the newspaper can be compared to writing a position paper? a. News c. Editorial b. Sports d. Entertainment 2. What part of the position paper contains the most details? a. Body c. Introduction b. Conclusion d. Reference 3. What part of the position paper are you going to write your stand on the issue? a. Body c. Introduction b. Conclusion d. Reference 4. What kind of activity can “writing a position paper” be compared to? a. Debate c. Reporting b. Puzzles d. Role playing 5. How many percent does the body contain in the position paper? a. 20% c. 60% b. 40% d. 80% 6. Which of the following is NOT the purpose of statistics? a. to provide numerical data b. to provide alphabetical data c. to provide accurate numbers d. to interpret data and analysis 7. Which of the following options DOES NOT provide the main arguments containing 4 E‟s? a. evidence c. explanation b. example d. entertainment 8. Which of the following reasons is NOT the purpose in writing a position paper? a. to explain controversial subject b. to criticize actions, decisions or situations c. to entertain people during these pandemic d. to propose a better solution to a problem or issue 2  9. How are you going to conclude your position paper? a. Provide a plan of action or a solution b. Provide reasons to support evidences c. Present facts and statistics of the issue d. Explain sensitive and controversial subject 10. Which of the following sentences is an effective statement? a. Jessica insisted of not stealing the money, even though she is new to the class as it‟s not her thing to do such act. b. Smoking is bad for you. Do not smoke or you will get ill, or worst, you‟ll die. c. They are optimistic about their new investment to succeed as businesses have been opened after the pandemic. d. Research shows that acts of kindness make us feel better and healthier. And scientists say kindness is key to how we survived as a species. Lesson Writing a Position 1 Paper Asserting your point on a certain issue by giving unsubstantial details won‟t make an effective argument. Ideally, presenting facts and evidences would highly support a stand to make a point and influencing a course of action. Thus, learning how to write a position paper is vital in using your voice as an effective means of change. 3 Joey: I think limited face-to-face class is effective but following strict health protocol as live interaction between the teacher and students proved effective in acquiring new learning. Grace: I might agree with you; however distance learning like online class is the best way in protecting the health of the learners. The government will not risk the lives of the students and teachers. Moreover, constant supervision of parents and teachers would make the learning continuous and substantial. Let Us Study Activity 1: Argument Analysis Directions: Read the argument and reflect on the following questions below. Take note of the transitional devices which are highlighted. The anti-terror measure is crafted to fight terrorists, adding that the bill “is not meant to be beneficial for anyone else but the Filipino citizenry.” - Senator Panfilo Lacson the principal author of the bill Why the Philippines need an Anti-Terror Bill? Terrorism is a global The Anti-Terrorism Bill – if rendered with predicament, and no country is fair and objective judgment – will strike a invulnerable to it. The Philippines has balance between effectiveness in responding to the threat of terrorism and experienced terrorism for more or less protecting basic human rights principles. 44 years. Until this very day, even in the midst of a deadly pandemic, the country is continuously being tormented by the scourge of terrorist attacks coming from but not limited to the Maute Group, ASG, BIFF, and even the NPA. The dangers and threats of terrorism in the Philippines are both, legitimate and real. Therefore, the government has both the duty and the right to catechize counter-terrorism legislative measures that will protect the national security and integrity of the country and to safeguard its citizens from the brutal and ruthless effects of terrorism. The Anti-Terrorism Bill serves that purpose. Hence, the fears of those who want the bill junked are mislaid. The concern probably should not be on the bill per se, but rather on the strict and proper implementation of the said bill the moment it becomes a law. And this is a completely different matter altogether. Moreover, the hostility and antagonism accorded to the Anti-Terrorism Bill by fragments of Philippine society should not be construed as representing the 4 entire Filipino nation because that is not true. Many, if not the majority of Filipinos, recognize the importance of enacting the Anti-Terrorism Bill into law. In the advent of the novel coronavirus pandemic, the threats posed by COVID-19 and terrorism are both serious and real and need the utmost consideration of the government. It‟s not either-or, or neither-nor, it‟s both, and both need to be addressed swiftly. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic and terrorism are lethal threats to the country and both deserve attention. Anna Rosario Malindog-Uy is a researcher, academic and consultant on a wide array of issues. She has worked with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) a nd other local and international NGOs as a consultant. She is President of Techperformance Corp, an IT -based company in the Philippines. Source: https://theaseanpost.com/article/why-philippines-needs-anti-terror-bill Reflect on and answer the following questions: 1. Is the issue discussed relevant to the society? 2. Are the evidences sufficient to support the argument? 3. Does the argument reflect higher level of thinking? 4. Are the cohesive devices effectively used? 5. Are you convinced about the arguments? Were you able to answer most of the reflection questions? If yes, you are now ready to present your own position or stand through writing on the next activity. In this part, you are expected to extract the meaning of the given editorial cartoons to better practice in writing your stand on a certain issue. Activity 2: Editorial Extraction Choose among the three recent issues presented. Write your stand about the topic. Directions: Analyze three recent issues portrayed through the editorial cartoons below. In three paragraphs, write your stand about the issue presented. Writing a position paper would be easier if you have background knowledge of the topic. Choose one editorial cartoon only. Take note of the following tips below. 5 Take note of the following tips: present the purpose of the picture provide at least a few factual evidence use transitional devices convince the reader about your stand Transitional Devices Functions of Transitional Devices As used in the sentence Transitional Devices They have seen the movie twice, and they want to see it again. and, again, also, and My friend speaks Spanish and Chinese. She then, further, To add also speaks Japanese. furthermore, next, moreover Cheating is dishonesty. Moreover, it stops the students from learning. 6  Matthew learned from his wrongdoings. Likewise, others can learn from theirs. Henry will probably be a late bloomer also, in the same way, To compare socially, just like his older brother. likewise, similarly, like It takes strategic plan to score a goal. In the same way, chess demands concentration and accuracy. Bees are essential for life on Earth but are in danger from pollution and human although, but, despite, activity. even though, however, in contrast, in spite of, Even though no one was in the park, To contrast nevertheless, on the William still didn‟t feel lonely. contrary, on the other hand, yet, while Street dwellers complain not receiving cash assistance from the government, yet these people resist paying taxes. I have been to many countries. For instance, I have been to Mexico, Singapore and Canada. In other cashier-free stores, such as for example, for Alibaba‟s stores in China, shoppers scan instance, , specifically, items with their phones as they shop, then To give examples that is, to illustrate, use a screen to pay before they leave. such as Some schools are inviting stakeholders to donate ICT related materials for example laptop, printers, bond papers, ink printer, flash drives, headset and cameras to be used to adopt for the new normal. The new law was proposed after a January study found that about 12% of pedestrians after, afterward, as used smartphones while walking. long as, at last, before, during, earlier, finally, Before the invention of smartphones, To show time formerly, immediately, people probably spent more time with later, meanwhile, next, friends and family. since, shortly, then, thereafter, until Since my family moved in the countryside, I do all the household chores now. Some people built their houses close to the river. Consequently, they have to spend a lot of money trying to protect their houses accordingly, as a from being worn out. To indicate logical result, because, relationship consequently, for this It was announced that contractual workers‟ (cause and effect) reason, hence, if, salary will be increased; as a result they otherwise ended their strike. 7  Because Henry‟s car stereo was on full blast, he could not hear his phone ringing. Colleges were told the new rules that many, including Harvard University, announced that all classes will be offered remotely. Thus, international students will be forced to leave the US. all in all, in conclusion, in short, Reports confirmed that after 50% of CCTV‟s To summarize or in summary, on the were installed, theft and robbery cases went conclude whole, therefore, to down from 20 to 3 cases. Therefore, if sum up, indeed, CCTV‟s are fully installed, those illegal acts finally, thus will surely have positive result. President Duterte warned telecommunications company to boost their internet signals by December. In short, the president wants to make their service better. At this point, let us dig deeper into our module, as you are going to read thoroughly and learn about position paper. Position Paper A position paper presents one side of an arguable opinion about an issue. The goal of a position paper is to convince the audience that your opinion is valid and defensible. Ideas that you are considering need to be carefully examined in choosing a topic, developing your argument, and organizing your paper. It is very important to ensure that you are addressing all sides of the issue and presenting it in a manner that is easy for your audience to understand. It is important to support your argument with evidence to ensure the validity of your claims, as well as to refute the counterclaims to show that you are well informed about both sides. What are the purposes in writing a position paper? 1. to explain sensitive or controversial subject, 2. to criticize actions, decisions or situations, 3. to commend people or organizations for doing things right, 4. to persuade people to follow a course of actions, and 5. to propose a better solution to a problem or issue. Parts of a Position Paper 1. Introduction (1 paragraph – around 20% of the paper) a. Contains the issue or situation to be discussed. b. Present facts and may include statistics of the issue. c. Establish your position on the issue. 8  2. Body (1 to 3 paragraphs – around 60% of the paper) a. Provide main arguments containing 4 E‟s (Evidence, Explanation, Example, and Extra details). i. evidence provides facts and statistics to support your stand ii. explanation provides reasons to support your evidences iii. example provides a few statement for clearer information iv. extra details provide quotes or statement of some experts b. Provide counter arguments or opposing thought of your stand. c. Follow this pattern when presenting arguments through a paragraph. i. Stand – Weak point – Stand ii. Weak point – Stand – Stand iii. Stand – Stand – Weak point 3. Conclusion (1 paragraph – around 20% of the paper) a. Restate your position of the issue. b. Provide a plan of action or a solution. c. Make your ending statement with views that would resonate throughout the reader‟s lives. Additional Tips in Writing a Position Paper 1. Present clearly your stand on the issue. 2. Make your introduction as interesting as possible to arouse interest and gain support. 3. Use transitional devices to carry a thought from sentence to another. 4. Observe grammar and mechanics (spelling, capitalization, and punctuations) 5. Fact-finding and research the topic to gain more knowledge. 6. Present weak points of your argument but make sure your claims are more substantial. 7. Credit reliable sources for the credibility of your paper. 8. Cite laws or relevant principle in your main arguments, if possible provide with statistics. 9. Use ethical, logical, and emotional appeal to evoke readers. 10. Assert values that adhere to as a democratic country. 11. Restate your stand to conclude your paper. 12. Present your conclusion either to call for action or to provide a solution. Sample Position Paper (1) The youth is a strong force that could face insurmountable challenges. There are at least 23,400, 000 Introduction Filipino youth the Philippines has today. These young people can largely contribute in community building. 9  (2) According to a 2013 survey conducted by the University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) and Demographic Research and Development Argument Foundation (DRDF), almost 6,660,000 young Filipinos (Counter- aged 15 to 25 are alcoholics, 3,600,000 smokers, and claims) 720,000 drug users. With these alarming statistics, how could the youth be agents of community building? The Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) was not being given much attention as it should. In fact, SK was already abolished during the recent barangay elections. All the more the youth will lack representation in local governments. (3) Amid the sordid state that the Filipino youth are in, we are still banking on Republic Act 8044 or better known as the Youth in Nation- Building Act. This is the same law that established Argument the National Youth Commission (NYC) in 1994 in (Stand) order to recognize the state‟s responsibility to enable the youth to fulfill their vital role in nation-building, promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and social well-being, and inculcate in them patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs. (4) The government has to mobilize the NYC to make it known to the young so that they can actively participate in youth-oriented initiatives. The government has to also beef up the budget allocation for youth development and intensify campaigns against drugs, smoking, alcoholism, and other unhealthy or illegal vices, which more often than not, are causes of the country‟s rising crime rate. (5) With their vulnerable state, the youth‟s stronghold Conclusion is the support of the family, government, and concerned sectors of society. Before they can build a nation, the youth, the youth has to be built on solid grounds first. For them to become community builders, themselves, the youth must first build the foundation of discipline. 10  This editorial paper is written by Marvin Enderes, the School Paper Adviser of Colegio San Agustin, Makati city. He is a champion in the National School Paper Conference (NSPC) for many years and a recipient of the most Outstanding School Paper Adviser. Let Us Practice Activity 1. Complete Me Complete the paragraph below by supplying the appropriate transitional devices from the given options below. because thereafter such as after indeed but despite while and since Tears well-up her eyes, excitement trickled all over her frail body, cold (1) _____ shaking 62-year old hands proudly received the certificate of completion for Junior High School. From across the stage, smiles creased the face of her classmates, (2) ______ her mentors raised their hands clapping, „we‟re-so-proud- of-you-nanay‟ expression overflowed as this Opsimath (a person who continues to study or learn later in life) (3) _______ made it through high school last 2016. Rebecca C. Vinoya is a mother of ten. She stopped elementary education (4)_________ of financial constraint. She has been a lady guard (5) ______ 2004 at J. V. Ferriols National High School in 3 rd district. Upon knowing ADM (Alternative Delivery Mode), a flexible curriculum that provides time frame establishing clear and realistic objectives, her husband prodded her to continue high school (6) _________. She was monitored and given self-learning modules (SLMs) (7) __________ learner‟s materials, textbooks, activity sheets study guides and other study materials. “Sa akong edad karon, gusto pa nako makabalo ug daghang butang. Paminaw nako daghan pa kog dapat mahibaw-an. Gusto pud ko mahimo nga modelo sa akong kawhaag pito (27) ka mga apo ug mga out-of-school youth sa among lugar. Ang edukasyon, mao kini ang tinuod nga bulawan sa kalibutan na walay laing maka kuha sa imo niini,” said Nanay Vinoya (8) _________ she received her certificate on stage. 11  (9) ___________, her desire for learning is admirable, an indication of her willingness towards a strong desire for learning. (10) __________ her age, she does not falter to materialize aspirations! Activity 2: Ink Your Voice! Directions: Read the following situations. Write a position paper showing your arguments about the stand of the issue. Follow the guidelines and tips in outlining your stand. Choose only ONE among the following situations. As a student, how would you influence the people to do such action or change? SITUATION 1: The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) has been providing financial assistance amounting to Php 15,000 to Php 30,000 per semester to qualified students. One of the qualifications is to have a GWA of at least 85% for partial and GWA of at least 90% for full scholarship. You are an incoming freshman in college whose family belongs to low income earner, however your GWA is only 79% but you believe these group deserves a financial assistance, as well. Write a position paper addressed to the Office of the President of the Philippines to include students who belong to low income earners which represents the majority of the economy, to be part of the scholarship program. SITUATION 2: As of July 21, 2020, DOH reported that only 0.87% or 16 deaths among the children and teenagers against the total number of 1, 831 deaths in the Philippines. This is somehow very low compared to global standards which is 1% to 5%. Due to COVID 19, the Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF) on Emerging Infectious Diseases set guidelines for any person below twenty-one (21) years old are required to stay at home at all times. As a senior high school representative, write a position paper addressed to the IATF stating your stand to allow teenagers from sixteen (16) years old to go out. Support your arguments from the very low numbers of death among your group age. SITUATION 3: The Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the planning, development and promotion of the country‟s information and communications technology (ICT) agenda in support of national development. 12  Internet, for educational purposes is widely used to gather information, to do research or to do queries about problems or doubts. However, most of the household do not have internet connection to access online learning tools and materials to be released by DepEd such as online lessons, tutorials and power point slides and self-learning modules (SLMs). Through the internet, students will have access to different alternative learning delivery modalities like distance and blended learning. As the national president of the Supreme Student Government (SSG) council, write a position paper to DICT urging internet service providers like PLDT and GLOBE to provide cheaper and accessible internet connection to every household mainly used for educational purposes only. State the effects of learning while using internet and without internet connectivity. Guide Questions: ✓ Does your paper present a clear statement of the topic? ✓ Does the paper provide background on why it is important? ✓ Does the paper clearly present your point or stand on the first paragraph? ✓ Does your paper support and acknowledge the opposing points? ✓ Does the content contain transitional devices that adds, opposes or emphasizes a point? ✓ Is the issue being written timely? ✓ Does the paper provide possible counter arguments? ✓ Does the paper contain valid and reasonable arguments to present the stand? ✓ Are there sufficient evidences to support the stand? 13  Let Us Practice More Activity 1: Unlocking of Difficulties Directions: Here are some words from the excerpt. Write the missing word in each sentence. Choose the word from the table below. anarchy (noun) – absence of order; absence of government obsolete (adjective) – no longer in use or no longer useful; old- fashioned clog (verb) – to cause blockage in; to fill beyond capacity reckless (adjective) – marked by lack of proper caution; careless excess (noun) – the amount or degree by which one thing or quantity exceeds another bribe (verb) – to influence the judgment or conduct of (someone) with offers of money or favor accommodate (verb) – to make room for; to allow for phase out (verb) – a gradual stopping (as in operations or production); a closing down by phases blame (verb) – to find fault with; to hold responsible relic (noun) – a trace of some past or outmoded practice, custom, or belief Source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/ 1. When I had minor accident of my ten-year motorcycle, I could not buy the same motor parts. They said those were already __________. 2. Cruz family discovered a __________ of paper bills from the time of Marcos era. 3. Heavy rains __________ drainage in our barangay, in effect flood reached almost knee-high. 4. When the civil war broke out, the government collapsed and turned into an __________. 5. OFWs brought an __________ of three luggage since they are still uncertain if they can go back because of the pandemic. 6. Grandma could not find the same cellphone casing of Samsung galaxy J2 android phone in the market. The saleswoman told this model has __________. 7. A pick-up truck rammed through the house of local residents claiming the lives of four people including a three-year old child. The suspect faced __________driving resulting to multiple homicide. 14  8. The village chief attempted to __________ the attorney the whistleblower to withdraw his statement against the alleged corruption. 9. The Apo View Hotel of Davao announced that they are willing to __________ 50 rooms for Southern Philippines Medical Center (SPMC) frontliners for free. 10. His family is __________ of the COVID 19 infection in the barangay as some members violate quarantine protocols. Activity 2: In-depth Analysis Directions: Read carefully the excerpt. As you go along, determine the reasons of phasing out the old jeepneys by answering the questions provided. Phase Out the Obsolete Jeepney (an exerpt) Neal H. Cruz If the jeepney strike pushes through today, the government should use it to phase out jeepneys. This World War II relic should have been phased out a long time ago but successive administrations had no balls to go through with the phaseout. They were afraid of the jeepney drivers who always threatened a strike when they were told to obey the law. And these were not enough buses to replace the jeepneys to service commuters. But the jeepney, although a tourist attraction and a romantic example of folk art, is the principal source of the daily traffic jams. Its drivers are undisciplined, reckless and probably don‟t know half of the traffic rules. Because of the huge number of vehicles in Metro Manila, there is only one way to improve traffic: make each and every driver, private and public, obey each and every traffic rule. Jeepney drivers have gotten away for so long with murder by bribing corrupt politician that it is a shock to them to be made to obey traffic rules and be fined if they violate them. Anarchy reigns in the streets because of them. Although they are not in the driver‟s seat, jeepney operators are also to blame for the anarchy. They make the drivers pay a flat rental (the boundary) for the jeepney. Whatever the driver earns in excess of the boundary, plus the cost of fuel and oil- bribes-is his take-home pay. So the driver is forced to break traffic rules so that he can earn as much as he can. But that is no excuse. Perhaps if the operator pays his driver a regular salary, plus social security and medicare premiums, and fixed times for trips, the driver would be less reckless and we would have more orderly traffic. As for the jeepney terminals, they really are a source of traffic congestion. Try this: whenever you come to a traffic jam, trace the source and in many cases it would be a jeepney terminal. Jeepneys lined up along a narrow street take up 15 space intended for moving vehicles. Some jeepney routes are too short, which means more terminals-and bigger fares for passengers. Another reason why the jeepney should be phased out is that it takes up too much road space and consumes more fuel for the number of passengers it can accommodate. One bus can take in the passengers of 10 jeepneys but take up only a fourth of the space occupied by the 10 jeepneys. In short, the jeepney is all right in the provinces where there is ample road space but not in a crowded metropolis like Metro Manila. It was great as emergency civilian transportation during the Liberation days, but not anymore. Alas, it has become obsolete in the city. The phase out doesn‟t mean throwing the jeepneys into the junk heap and their drivers into the ranks of the jobless. There is a great need for the jeepney in many areas of the Philippines where there is a shortage of transportation. Send them there. Where will the commuters ride without the jeepneys? Send in more buses with salaried drivers and conductors and fixed trip schedules sot they don‟t have to clog loading/ unloading zones waiting for passengers. Organize the bus companies in Metro Manila into one super-consortium so that the bus ticket of one company can be used to transfer to another bus of a different company. This is to prevent passengers and buses clogging bus stops because they are waiting for the bus going exactly to where they are going. If transfers are allowed, they can board any bus going in the same direction (and the bus doesn‟t have to wait long for passengers) and then transfer to another bus at their convenience. Encourage commuters to use the Metrotren by improving the coaches and having more trips. Use the Pasig River. They Metro Ferry failed because there were not enough passengers mainly because the boats were small. Hong Kong type shallow-drift ferries will certainly attract more passengers. Use the smaller boats during high tide to be able to pass under the bridges. Have another ferry service to Cavite City to relieve traffic on Coastal Road. (There used to be one, why was it discontinued?) And hurry up the C-5 and the C-6… Answer the following questions. 1. Which idea in the reading text do you agree the most? Why? 2. Which idea in the reading text do you agree the least? Why? 16 Activity 3: DIY (Disagree, Invoke, and Yearn) Directions: Disagree from the excerpt and write your position on why jeepney modernization should not be implemented. Make at least five (5) paragraphs. See the rubric for you to be guided. Category 4 – Above 3 – Meet 2 – Approaching 1 – Below Score Standard Standard Standard Standard Focus or The statement The statement The statement The statement Statement names the topic of names the topic outlines some or does not name the essay and of the essay. all the main the topic and outlines the main points to be does not points to be discussed but preview what discussed. does not name will be the topic. discussed. Support for Includes 2 or more Includes 2 or Includes 2 Includes 1 or Position pieces of evidence more pieces of pieces of fewer pieces of that support the evidence (facts, evidence (facts, evidence (facts, position statement. statistics, statistics, statistics, The writer examples, real- examples, real- examples, real- anticipates the life experiences) life experiences) life reader‟s concerns, that support that support the experiences). biases or the position position arguments and has statement. statement. provided at least 1 counter argument. Transitions A variety of Transitions Some transitions The transitions thoughtful show how ideas work well, but between ideas transitions are are connected, some are unclear OR used. They clearly but there is connections nonexistent. show how ideas little variety. between ideas are connected. are fuzzy. Closing The conclusion is The conclusion The author‟s There is no paragraph strong and leaves is recognizable. position is conclusion – the reader solidly The author‟s restated within the paper just understands the position is the closing ends. writer‟s position. restated within paragraph, but Effective the first two not near the restatement of the sentences of beginning. position statement the closing begins the closing paragraph. paragraph. Grammar Author makes no Author makes Author makes Author makes and errors in grammar 1-2 errors in 3-4 errors in more than 4 or spelling that grammar or grammar or errors in Spelling distracts the spelling that spelling that grammar or reader from the distract the distract the spelling that content. reader from the reader from the distract the content. content. reader from the content. Source: https://position-paper.curtsingertrailers.net/position-paper-rubric/html 17  Let Us Remember Option 1: Unlocking of Difficulties Directions: Read the following sentences and find the meaning of the word from the given options. 1. The doctors from the hospital were discriminated in the community after working at COVID-19 facilities. To discriminate is to _________. a. treat fairly c. treat differently b. treat well d. evict 2. After failing the board exam, he faced the mirror and meditated as to why it happened. To meditate is to ___________. a. study c. accept b. comfort d. reflect 3. In the US, young activists marched on the sidewalk, shouting their animosity against the government‟s respond to COVID-19. What does animosity mean? a. favor c. opposition b. support d. admiration 4. The mother almost got insane looking at their house go with the flashflood. The local government gave her family assistance. What does insane mean? a. moved on c. mentally ill b. accept d. sick 5. The undercover agent who killed the drug lord did not reveal his identity to the public. What does undercover mean? a. secret c. corrupt b. known d. public 6. The CIA agent collected intelligence report through sources from intel to protect the United States against terrorists. What does CIA mean? a. Criminal Inter-Agency c. Central Inter-taskforce Agency b. Central Intelligence Agency d. Commission on Interpol Agency 7. The company has not granted their salary increase so the irate labor group kept on shouting for their request. What does irate mean? a. angry c. satisfied b. relaxed d. pleased 8. Content, organization of ideas, and coherence are one of the criteria in writing an effective argument. What does criteria mean? a. hint c. topic b. main idea d. basis 18  9. He is really a selfish friend. He just always thinks of himself. What does selfish mean? a. self-centered c. merciful b. pathetic d. positive 10. The pastor preaches the word of God on the busy street of Roxas Night market. To preach is to ___________________. a. criticize c. attack b. sermon d. accept Option 2: Song Dissection Directions: Read the song “Where is the Love?” by Black Eyed Peas. Answer the following questions that follow. Where is the Love? What's going on with the world, Mama? People living like they ain't got no mama‟s I think the whole world's addicted to the drama Only attracted to things that'll bring you trauma Overseas, yeah, we try to stop terrorism But we still got terrorists here living In the USA, the big CIA The Bloods and the Crips and the KKK But if you only have love for your own race Then you only leave space to discriminate And to discriminate only generates hate And when you hate, then you're bound to get irate, yeah Madness is what you demonstrate And that's exactly how anger works and operates Man, you got to have love just to set it straight Take control of your mind and meditate Let your soul gravitate to the love, y'all, y'all [Chorus] People killing, people dying Children hurting, hear them crying Can you practice what you preach? And would you turn the other cheek? Father, father, father, help us Send some guidance from above 'Cause people got me, got me questioning Where is the love? It just ain't the same, old ways have changed New days are strange, is the world insane? If love and peace is so strong Why are there pieces of love that don't belong? Nations dropping bombs Chemical gases filling lungs of little ones 19  With ongoing suffering as the youth die young So ask yourself, is the loving really gone? So I can ask myself, really, what is going wrong With this world that we living in? People keep on giving in Makin' wrong decisions, only visions of them dividends Not respecting each other, deny thy brother A war is going on, but the reason's undercover The truth is kept secret, and swept under the rug If you never know truth, then you never know love Where's the love, y'all? Come on (I don't know) And where's the truth, y'all? Come on (I don't know) And where's the love y'all? [Repeat Chorus] I feel the weight of the world on my shoulder As I'm getting older, y'all people gets colder Most of us only care about money-making Selfishness got us following the wrong direction Wrong information always shown by the media Negative images is the main criteria Infecting the young minds faster than bacteria Kids want to act like what they see in the cinema Yo, whatever happened to the values of humanity? (Yeah) Whatever happened to the fairness and equality? (Yeah) Instead of spreading love, we spreading animosity (Yeah) Lack of understanding leading us away from unity That's the reason why sometimes I'm feeling under That's the reason why sometimes I'm feeling down It's no wonder why sometimes I'm feeling under Got to keep my faith alive 'til love is found Now ask yourself [Post-Chorus: will.i.am] Where is the love? Where is the love? Where is the love? Where is the love? [Chorus: Justin Timberlake] Father, father, father, help us Send some guidance from above 'Cause people got me, got me questioning Where is the love? Now sing with me, y'all (One world, one world) We only got (One world, one world) That's all we got (One world, one world) And something's wrong with it (Yeah) Something's wrong with it (Yeah) 20  Something's wrong with the w-world, world, yeah We only got (One world, one world) That's all we got (One world, one world) These questions are based on the song. Express your thoughts and personal views through writing. 1. What does it mean by “People living like they ain't got no mama’s”? How important is the mother‟s love in rearing a child? 2. What does it mean by “But if you only have love for your own race”? How can you possibly avoid discrimination? 3. What does it mean by “Can you practice what you preach?” In what way can a religion help in maintaining peaceful life? 4. What does it mean by “A war is going on, but the reason’s undercover”? Do you think a World War III is along the way? Why? Why not? 5. What does it mean by “Wrong information always shown by the media”? Do you think the media is being biased in choosing newsworthy topics? Why? Why not? Let Us Assess Test I Directions: Read the following statements. Choose the correct transitional devices from the given options. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Thousands of hikers try to walk the entire trail each year, ______ only about one in four finish it. a. despite c. thus b. after d. but 2. COVID 19 infection has ended in Thailand. ________, they opened their flights internationally. a. Moreover c. Finally b. After d. Although 3. Language is a tool that builds a community and society as a whole. _________, language and society co-exist. a. In short c. Furthermore b. Meanwhile d. On the other hand 4. The Math teacher will accept late homework; ___________, points will be deducted. a. and c. thus b. however d. then 21  5. The city of Yamato, in Japan is no longer allowed to look at their smartphones while walking outside in public places, ___________ streets and parks. a. as a result c. such as b. and d. consequently Test II Directions: Read and answer the following questions. Choose the best option provided. 1. Which part of a position paper provides the general statement of the stand? a. Title c. Body b. Introduction d. Conclusion 2. How many percent of the content should be written in the main arguments? a. 80% c. 60% b. 70% d. 50% 3. How many paragraphs are recommended in writing a position paper? a. 1 to 2 paragraphs c. 3 to 4 paragraphs b. 2 to 3 paragraphs d. 4 to 5 paragraphs 4. Writing a position paper is almost similar to writing a/an _____________? a. Editorial c. Entertainment b. News d. Business 5. What part of the paper restates the position/ stand of the writer? a. Title c. Body b. Introduction d. Conclusion 6. Which of the following is found in the introduction of a position paper? a. statement of your stand c. suggestion b. main arguments d. counterarguments 7. Which among the statements provide an effective argument? a. Skin injuries may lead to neurological problems in the future. b. Using electronic gadgets like cellphones during a flight is a dangerous idea. c. His neighbor accused him as COVID-19 positive because he was a Locally Stranded Individual or LSI. d. According to WHO, people who has history of pneumonia and tuberculosis should stay at home as they are prone to viral infection. 8. How can you make your arguments strong and effective? a. Provide interviews and thoughts of the people in your community. b. Provide facts, evidences, and statistics related to the topic c. Provide personal opinion based on your experiences. d. Provide quotes and expressions from famous movies locally or internationally. 22  9. Which of the following is NOT included in the conclusion of the position paper? a. restatement of the position c. positive side of your stand b. course of action d. main arguments 10. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a position paper? a. It corrects old principles that lead to equality. b. It can help solve a problem by following certain approach. c. It can bend research statements and statistical data to make it invalid. d. It can make sensitive societal issues be accepted by the many. Let Us Enhance Now that you have already learned the skill of writing a position paper, you are now ready to do the writing activity below. Directions: Write a three-paragraph essay expressing your stand on the provision of Social Amelioration Program (SAP) to the “hardest-hit” sector during this COVID 19 pandemic. Let Us Reflect The skills that you have learned from this module would be very relevant in writing effective arguments to prove your position on timely issues. Consequently, presenting your gathered facts and evidences would help you support your stand and influence a course of action. Thus, learning how to write a position paper is vital in using your voice as an effective means of change. 23 Answer key to Activities 24 25 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – Davao City Division Elpidio Quirino Ave., Poblacion District, Davao City, 8000 Davao del Sur Telefax: (082) 224-3274, (082) 222-1672 E-mail Address: [email protected] 26