Earth Science Learning Guide PDF, 2024-2025

COLEGIO DE SAN IGNACIO, INC. Diversion Road, Buhangin, Davao City HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT S.Y. 2024-2025 IGNACIO LEARNING GUIDE...

COLEGIO DE SAN IGNACIO, INC. Diversion Road, Buhangin, Davao City HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT S.Y. 2024-2025 IGNACIO LEARNING GUIDE EARTH SCIENCE Learning Targets LEARNING Identify the various water resources on Earth TARGET Explain how different activities affect the quality and availability of water for human use Identify human activities, such as farming, construction of structures, and waste disposal, that affect the quality and quantity of soil Give ways of conserving and protecting the soil for future generations PRE-TEST Instruction : Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer. 1.Why is surface water the most important water resource ? A) It is rich in minerals. B)It is often readily accessible. C)It is clearer than the ground water. D) It is a small channel of water that eventually runs into a river. 2. Which of the following is the largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth? A) Rivers B) Lakes C) Glaciers and ice caps D) Groundwater 3. Which type of water resource is characterized by water stored below the Earth's surface in soil and rock formations? A) Surface water B) Groundwater C) Glacial water D) Atmospheric water 4. Which of the following best describes the term "surface water"? A) Water that exists in the form of vapor in the atmosphere B) Water found in oceans, rivers, lakes, and wetlands C) Water stored in glaciers and ice caps D) Water that infiltrates and is stored in soil layers 5. Which of the following is the primary source of water for most of the world’s agricultural irrigation? A) Glacial meltwater B) Ocean water C) Surface water from rivers and lakes D) Rainwater harvested from precipitation 6.How will you promote water conservation effectively as a student ? A)By making vlogs B)By posting updates about water resources 1|CDSI | Ignacio Learning Guide | Subject  C)By conducting a seminar on water conservation D)By practicing simple and effective tips of water conservation 7. Which of the following activities is most likely to lead to the contamination of surface water with harmful chemicals? A) Planting trees in urban areas B) Using pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture C) Implementing water conservation measures D) Restoring wetlands 8. How does deforestation typically impact the availability of freshwater resources? A) It increases the amount of available groundwater. B) It improves the quality of surface water. C) It reduces the capacity of soil to retain water and increases runoff. D) It enhances the efficiency of water filtration in rivers 9. Which practice is likely to improve the quality of drinking water in urban areas? A) Increasing the discharge of untreated wastewater into rivers B) Installing advanced water treatment and filtration systems C) Expanding industrial operations near water sources D) Increasing the use of single-use plastics 10. How does industrial pollution typically affect the availability and quality of water resources? A) It decreases the amount of water available for human consumption. B) It generally improves the quality of water in rivers and lakes. C) It increases the natural filtration of water in aquifers. D) It can introduce toxic substances, making water unsafe for use. 11. Which of the following practices helps to reduce soil erosion on agricultural lands? A) Increasing the use of chemical fertilizers B) Implementing contour plowing and terracing C) Removing all plant cover D) Expanding paved surfaces 12.What is the benefit of using cover crops in soil management? A) Cover crops deplete soil nutrients and increase erosion. B) Cover crops improve soil structure, enhance nutrient content, and reduce erosion by providing ground cover. C) Cover crops lead to increased soil salinity and reduced fertility. D) Cover crops promote soil compaction and waterlogging. 13. How can reduced tillage contribute to soil conservation? A) It increases soil erosion and compaction. B) It preserves soil structure, reduces erosion, and helps retain moisture by minimizing soil disturbance. C) It decreases soil organic matter and increases nutrient loss. D) It encourages the growth of invasive plant species. 14. Which technique can help maintain soil fertility over time? A) Over-reliance on synthetic fertilizers 2|CDSI | Ignacio Learning Guide | Subject  B) Monoculture cropping systems C) Adding organic matter and practicing crop rotation D) Extensive land clearing and deforestation 15. What is the purpose of implementing buffer strips along waterways? A) To increase soil erosion and sediment runoff B) To protect soil and water quality by trapping sediments, absorbing nutrients, and preventing runoff C) To promote industrial runoff and pollution D) To reduce soil moisture and increase evaporation Session 9: Topic : LET’S DISCOVER Identify the various water resources on Earth & ENJOY Explain how different activities affect the quality and availability of water for human use Activity 9: Learning Stations Instructions:The students will be divided into four groups according to SIGE. 1-Group Service 2-Group Integrity 3-Group Gratitude 4-Group Excellence GROUP SERVICE GROUP GRATITUDE WATCH ME READING STATION STATION Instruction: Instruction: Watch a video Read the lyrics of the song and about how analyze its’ message. different Copy and fill in the boxes with the activities necessary information. affect the quality and availability of water for human use. Answer the process questions. (203) Human Activities That Causes Destruction Of Water Bodies II Sugar TV - YouTube 3|CDSI | Ignacio Learning Guide | Subject  PROCESS PROCESS QUESTIONS: QUESTIONS: 1. How are different activities affect the 1.What are some quality and availability of water for water resources on human use? earth? 2. How are different activities affect the quality and availability of water for human use? GROUP INTEGRITY GROUP EXCELLENCE HANDS-ON SOCIAL/GAME STATION STATION Instruction : Instruction: Create an essay about your past Create a experiences and try to think about catchy slogan how water resources are being that promotes conserved in the country using the these experiences. conservation of water. PROCESS QUESTION: Write the 1. Have you observed any practices being slogan in a done to protect water bond paper. resources? If so, how? 2. Where did you observe these? PROCESS 3. Suggest ways to solve these problems. QUESTION: 1. How are different activities affect the quality and availability of water for human use? 2. How your slogan uses persuasive techniques to motivate people to reduce water usage effectively." PROCESS QUESTIONS: 1. What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable water resources? 2.Cite examples of activities that can negatively impact water quality and explain how each affects the water. 3. How urbanization and industrial development impact the availability and quality of water resources? Water availability- defined as the quantity of water that can be used for human purposes without significant harm to ecosystems or other uses. Renewable water resources are replenished naturally over time, such as rivers and lakes. Non-renewable water resources 4|CDSI | Ignacio Learning Guide | Subject are not replenished on a human timescale, such as deep aquifers that have limited recharge rates. Groundwater is the water which can be found below the Earth’s surface. Aquifers are bodies of rock and/or sediment with the ability to store and transmit water. Unconfined aquifers collect water straight from the surface. Confined aquifers are trapped between two rock layers Artesian wells are an example of a method of extracting groundwater, and these wells can do it without being pumped. Desalination is the process of removing salt from saltwater. It usually involves purification of water. Steps of desalination. i. Filling the desalination tank with water ii. Evaporation of saltwater iii. Condensation of freshwater iv. Draining of the freshwater v. Use of freshwater Domestic water is water that is used at home. Agricultural water is water used for crop irrigation and maintaining domestic animals. Industrial water refers to water used by industries, factories, and those used for production. Medical water is used in the medical industry. Water management refers to all activities encompassing planning,developing, distributing, and optimizing water resources. Presidential Decree 1586 features identification of environmentally critical areas (ECAs). Republic Act 9275 or the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004, designates water bodies like rivers as water quality management areas (WQMA). This means that these bodies of water are protected since they are essential to livelihood and health. Presidential Decree 1067 includes rules in the appropriation and utilization of waters and control conservation and protection of waters and watersheds. Ways of conserving water resources. i. reusing and recycling water; ii. conserving water by lowering use; and iii. protecting bodies of water. Urbanization leads to increased impervious surfaces like roads and buildings, which can cause runoff and reduce groundwater recharge. Industrial development often introduces pollutants into water sources through waste disposal and emissions. For example, a city with heavy industrial activity may experience high levels of chemical contamination in nearby rivers. 5|CDSI | Ignacio Learning Guide | Subject Session 10: Topic : Identify human activities, such as farming, construction of structures, and waste disposal, that affect the quality and quantity of soil Give ways of conserving and protecting the soil for future generations Activity 2: Learning Stations Instructions:The students will be divided into four groups according to SIGE. 1-Group Service 2-Group Integrity 3-Group Gratitude 4-Group Excellence GROUP SERVICE GROUP GRATITUDE WATCH ME READING STATION STATION Instruction: Instruction: Watch a video Read a document from SHS about human Module 12. activities that Answer the following process affect the questions. quality and quantity of soil. Answer the process questions. (204) How Do Humans Cause Erosion? - YouTube PROCESS QUESTIONS: 1. What are some examples human activities that can negatively affect the PROCESS QUESTIONS: quality of soil? 1. Based from your reading activity , 2. How can you what are some conservation practices to conserve and protect promote sustainable use of soil ? the soil for future 2. How can you conserve and protect the generations? soil for future generations? Watching a video about human Reading a document on soil activities on soil conservation outlines strategies like crop reveals how rotation, contour plowing, and cover practices like over- cropping ,etc. to prevent erosion, 6|CDSI | Ignacio Learning Guide | Subject  farming, maintain soil fertility, and ensure long- deforestation, term agricultural and environmental urbanization, and sustainability. pollution degrade soil quality and quantity, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices to preserve soil health and support ecological balance. GROUP INTEGRITY GROUP EXCELLENCE HANDS-ON SOCIAL/GAME STATION STATION Instruction : Instruction: Write your own definition of soil Create a conservation in 2-3 sentences. poster that PROCESS QUESTIONS: shows the 1. What are some examples human importance of activities that can negatively affect the soil and how quality of soil? it will be 2. How can you conserve and protect the conserved soil for future generations? and protected to increase Soil conservation involves managing soil your to prevent erosion and degradation awareness. through techniques like crop rotation PROCESS and reducing tillage, supporting long- QUESTION: 1. How can you term soil health and sustainability. conserve and protect the soil for future generations? Creating a poster on soil importance and conservation raises awareness by showcasing soil's vital roles and practical conservation tips through engaging visuals and infographics. 7|CDSI | Ignacio Learning Guide | Subject PROCESS QUESTIONS: 1. What is soil erosion, and what is one natural cause and one human-induced cause of soil erosion? 2. How does improper waste disposal affect soil quality? 3. How can you conserve and protect the soil for future generations? Soil degradation is defined as the change in soil health which results in a decreased capacity of the soil to support organisms. Physical factors that contribute to soil degradation. i. These include rainfall, runoff, floods, wind erosion, tillage, and mass movements. ii. These result in erosion and the alteration of soil composition. Biological factors that contribute to soil degradation. These include poor farming practices and alteration of organism composition. Chemical factors that contribute to soil degradation. Chemical factors that contribute to soil degradation. a. Deforestation exposes the soil and affects the retention of water. b. Pesticides and fertilizers can alter the composition of soil and organisms. c. Industries and mining activities reduce nutrients or increase the amount of toxins in the soil. d. Improper cultivation practices can alter soil particle size which affects water and nutrient movement in soil. e. Urbanization increases the amount of pollution. f. Overgrazing contributes to the erosion of soil. Soil erosion is the process by which the top layer of soil is worn away by natural forces such as wind or water. Natural Cause: Heavy rainfall can wash away soil. Human-Induced Cause: Poor agricultural practices like tilling can increase soil erosion. Improper waste disposal can lead to soil contamination with hazardous chemicals, heavy metals, and pathogens, which can degrade soil quality and affect plant growth. To conserve and protect soil for future generations, implement strategies such as sustainable agriculture, erosion control, soil restoration, efficient water management, proper waste disposal, supportive policies, and ongoing research. 8|CDSI | Ignacio Learning Guide | Subject  LET’S WRAP UP Check one of the boxes describing how the lesson helped you attain the learning target intended for the lesson. I can do I can do this I cannot do this by by myself, but this myself. I I need help to by myself, and can talk talk about this I cannot talk about it to others. about this to to others. others. I can identify the various water resources on Earth. I can explain how different activities affect the quality and availability of water for human use I can identify human activities, such as farming, construction of structures, and waste disposal, that affect the quality and quantity of soi I can give ways of conserving and protecting the soil for future generations Imagine you are a consultant for a local government in a region LET’S TALK & experiencing severe drought and water scarcity. The area is known SHARE for its diverse water resources, including rivers, lakes, and groundwater. Recent reports have highlighted that several human activities are exacerbating the situation. These activities include extensive farming practices, rapid urban development, and inadequate waste disposal systems. Additionally, soil degradation has been observed due to poor land management practices. PROCESS QUESTIONS: 1. Identify the types of water resources present in the region and explain how each type can be affected by the mentioned human activities. 2. Propose at least three strategies to conserve and protect water resources and soil for the future. Explain how each strategy addresses the issues identified in the region. 9|CDSI | Ignacio Learning Guide | Subject  ADDITIONAL MATERIALS 10 | C D S I | I g n a c i o L e a r n i n g G u i d e | S u b j e c t 11 | C D S I | I g n a c i o L e a r n i n g G u i d e | S u b j e c t