Units and Measurements Part 1 PDF

Units and Measurement Part 1 Most Essential Learning Competencies 1. Solve measurement problems involving conversion of units and scientific notations 2. Differentiate accuracy from precision 3. Differentiate random errors from systematic errors Objectives After the session, the student...

Units and Measurement Part 1 Most Essential Learning Competencies 1. Solve measurement problems involving conversion of units and scientific notations 2. Differentiate accuracy from precision 3. Differentiate random errors from systematic errors Objectives After the session, the students must be able to: Define measurement, unit, and quantities Differentiate between fundamental and derived quantities; Solve measurement problems involving conversion of units. https://www.facebook.com/STEMEngineOfficial/photos/a.138886806764962/295132674473707/ Physics: The Basic Science Physics is about the nature of basic things such as motion, forces, energy, matter, heat, sound, light, and the composition of atoms. You can understand other sciences much better if you first understand physics. Physics is the most basic of all the sciences. Chemistry is about how matter is put together. Biology is still more complex and involves matter that is alive. Mathematics: The Language of Science When scientific findings in nature are expressed mathematically, they are easier to verify or to disprove by experiment. When the ideas of science are expressed in mathematical terms, they are unambiguous. The equations of science provide compact expressions of relationships between concepts. The methods of mathematics and experimentation have led to enormous successes in science. Physical Quantity any property related to an object that can be measured measured by a device or can be derived consists of a numerical value and a unit Quantity Numerical value Unit Mass = 20 kg Height = 1.1 m https://pngtree.com/freepng/children-weighing-the-amount-of-height_563170.html Physical Quantities Fundamental Quantities – quantities that do not depend on any other quantities for their measurement Derived Quantities – quantities that depend upon other quantities; combinations of fundamental quantities http://science-dudes.blogspot.com/2015/04/fundamental-derived-quantity-definition.html Physical Quantities Activity 1.1: Fundamental or Derived Directions: Identify the following quantities as FUNDAMENTAL or DERIVED. Quantity Category 1.Length Fundamental 2. Area Derived 3. Time Fundamental 4. Mass Fundamental 5. Speed Derived Fundamental Quantities, Units and Symbols Quantity Symbol Unit Symbol Length l meter m Mass m kilogram kg Temperature T kelvin K Time t second s Amount of Substance mole mol Luminous Intensity I candela cd Electric Current I ampere A Derived Quantities, Units and Symbols (examples) Quantity Symbol Unit Symbol Volume V cubic meter m3 Density D kilograms per cubic meter kg/m3 Speed v meter per second m/s Force F kg m/ s2 N Energy E Joule (kg m2/s2) J Pressure P Pascal (kg/(ms2) Pa Units Activity 1.2: Getting to Know the Units Below is a list of units. Identify what quantity it measures, if it measures in big or small amounts, and in which countries these units are used. Unit What It Unit Size Used in which Measures countries 1. Miles length big US, UK, Myanmar, Liberia 2. Nanometer length small Almost all countries 3. Fluid Ounce volume small US, Myanmar, Liberia 4. Ton mass big Almost all countries 5. Celsius temperature small Almost all countries Units Guide Questions: 1. What do we mean by measurement? 2. What do we mean by a unit? 3. What do we mean by a quantity? 4. What are the different units? 5. What are the types of quantities? SI Units Unit - a determinate quantity (as of length, time, heat, or value) adopted as a standard of measurement SI Units – a system of physical units based on the meter, kilogram, second (MKS) and so on, together with a set of prefixes to indicate multiplication or division by the power of ten. https://www.alliancecalibration.com/blog/si-units-and-physical-standards SI Prefixes and Symbols https://sciencenotes.org/powers-ten-metric-prefixes/ Standards of Measurement The second (s) is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the cesium frequency ∆νCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the cesium-133 atom, to be 9,192,631,770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1. https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm/si-units-time http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/acloc.html Standards of Measurement The meter (m) is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum c to be 299,792,458 when expressed in the unit m s−1, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs. The meter was once defined by a physical artifact - two marks inscribed on a platinum-iridium bar, like these from the NIST Museum. https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm/si-units-length Standards of Measurement The kilogram (kg) is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.62607015 ×10−34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m2 s−1, where the meter and the The primary standard of mass second are defined in terms of c and United States Prototype Kilogram 20, which is a ∆νCs. platinum-iridium cylinder kept at NIST. https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm/si-units-mass Unit Conversion Example: Convert 85km to m: Multiply the original measurement by a conversion factor. NEW UNIT 85km x 1,000m = 85,000 m 1km OLD UNIT Unit Conversion Example: Convert 789m to km: 789m x 1km = 0.789 km 1000m Unit Conversion Example: Convert 75 km/h to m/s: 75.00 km x 1000 m x _1 h_ h 1 km 3600 s = 20.83 m/s Unit Conversion Activity 1.3: To and From Convert the following measurements: 1. 28 m/s to km/h 2. 75 kg to g 3. 500 L to mL Assignment A. Write an insight paper on the redefinition of four SI Units. You may use the following (and more) articles. Observe proper citations and referencing. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment- 46143399 https://physicsworld.com/a/new-definition-of-the- kilogram-comes-into-force/ B. Define the following terms: 1. accuracy 2. precision 3. errors 4. variance