TLE Computer Systems Servicing 10 PDF

TLE Computer Systems Servicing 10 Quarter 1- INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING COMPUTER SYSTEMS (Week 2) (LO 1. Assemble computer hardware) Introductory Message For the learner: This Learning Activity Sheet was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for gu...

TLE Computer Systems Servicing 10 Quarter 1- INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING COMPUTER SYSTEMS (Week 2) (LO 1. Assemble computer hardware) Introductory Message For the learner: This Learning Activity Sheet was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. The following are some reminders in using this Learning Activity Sheet (LAS): 1. Use the LAS with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the LAS. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 3. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 4. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 5. Return this LAS to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this LAS, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.  DepEd Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) Name of Learner:____________________________________________ Grade Level:_______________________________________________ Section:___________________________________________________ Date: _________________ Computer Fundamentals LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET Background Information for Learners: UNDERSTANDING COMPUTER A computer is one of the most brilliant inventions of mankind. Thanks to the computer technology, we were able to achieve storage and processing of huge amounts of data; we could rest our brains by employing computer memory capacities for storing information. Due to computers, we have been able to speed up daily work, carry out critical transactions and achieve accuracy and precision in work. Computers of the earlier years were of the size of a large room and were required to consume huge amounts of electric power. However, with the advancing technology, computers have shrunk to the size of a small watch. Depending on the processing power and size of computers, they have been classified under various types. Let us look at the classification of computers. A computer is an electronic device capable of executing instructions, developed based on algorithms stored in its memory, to process data fed to it and produced the required results faster than human beings. It is programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data. It is also a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem. Advantages of Computer 1. Speed: When data, instructions, and information flow along electronic circuits in a computer, they travel at incredibly fast speeds. Many computers process billions or trillions of operations in a single second. Processing involves computing (e.g., adding, subtracting), sorting (e.g., alphabetizing), organizing, displaying images, recording audio, playing music, and showing a movie or video. 2. Reliability: The electronic components in modern computers are dependable and reliable because they rarely break or fail. 3. Consistency: Given the same input and processes, a computer will produce the same results — consistently. A computing phrase — known as garbage in, garbage out — points out that the accuracy of a computer’s output depends on the accuracy of the input. 4. Storage: A computer can transfer data quickly from storage to memory, process it, and then store it again for future use. Many computers store enormous amounts of data and make this data available for processing anytime it is needed.  5. Communications: Most computers today can communicate with other computers, often wirelessly. Computers with this capability can share any of the four information processing cycle operations — input, process, output, and storage — with another computer or a user. Disadvantages of Computer 1. Health Risks: Prolonged or improper computer use can lead to injuries or disorders of the hands, wrists, elbows, eyes, neck, and back. Computer users can protect themselves from these health risks through proper workplace design, good posture while at the computer, and appropriately spaced work breaks. Two behavioral health risks are computer addiction and technology overload. Computer addiction occurs when someone becomes obsessed with using a computer. 2. Violation of Privacy: Nearly every life event is stored in a computer somewhere... in medical records, credit reports, tax records, etc. In many instances, where personal and confidential records were not protected properly, individuals have found their privacy violated and identities stolen. 3. Public Safety: Adults, teens, and children around the world are using computers to share publicly their photos, videos, journals, music, and other personal information. Some of these unsuspecting, innocent computer users have fallen victim to crimes committed by dangerous strangers. Protect yourself and your dependents from these criminals by being cautious in e-mail messages and on Web sites. 4. Impact on Labor Force: Although computers have improved productivity in many ways and created an entire industry with hundreds of thousands of new jobs, the skills of millions of employees have been replaced by computers. Thus, it is crucial that workers keep their education up-to-date. 5. Impact on Environment: Computer manufacturing processes and computer waste are depleting natural resources and polluting the environment. When computers are discarded in landfills, they can release toxic materials and potentially dangerous levels of lead, mercury, and flame retardants. 6. Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer. Strategies that support green computing include recycling, regulating manufacturing processes, extending the life of computers, and immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers. When you purchase a new computer, some retailers offer to dispose of your old computer properly. Different Types of Computers Based on the operational principle of computers, they are categorized as analog, digital and hybrid computers. Analog Computers: These are almost extinct today. These are different from a digital computer because an analog computer can only perform several mathematical operations simultaneously. It uses continuous variables for mathematical operations and utilizes mechanical or electrical energy Mechanical analog computers were very important in gun fire control in World War II and the Korean War; they were made in significant numbers. In particular, development of transistors made electronic analog computers practical, and before digital computers had developed sufficiently, they were commonly used in science and industry. Examples are: Thermometer Analog clock Speedometer Tire pressure gauge Digital Computers: They use digital circuits and are designed to operate on two states, namely bits 0 and 1. They are analogous to states ON and OFF. Data on these computers is represented as a series of 0s and 1s. Digital computers are suitable for complex computation and have higher processing speeds. They are programmable. Digital computers are either general purpose computers or special purpose ones. Special purpose computers, as  their name suggests, are designed for specific types of data processing while general purpose computers are meant for general use. In 1937 at Bell Labs, George Stibitz invented the first calculator based on binary circuits to perform complex mathematical formulas. Steinitz’s invention transformed computer science from analog to digital. With the advent of digital technology, scientists could customize a computer's operating functions by developing programming languages. Examples are: IBM PC Apple Macintosh Calculators Digital watches etc Hybrid Computers: These computers are a combination of both digital and analog computers. In this type of computers, the digital segments perform process control by conversion of analog signals to digital ones. Hybrid computer is the computer used in hospitals to measure the heartbeat of the patient. Hybrid machines are generally used in scientific applications or in controlling industrial processes. Example: Devices used in petrol pump. Classification of Computers The following are the classification of the different types of computers based on their sizes and functionalities: Mainframe Computers: Large organizations use mainframes for highly critical applications such as bulk data processing and ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning). Most of the mainframe computers have the capacities to host multiple operating systems and operate as a number of virtual machines and can substitute for several small servers. Mainframe computers are the most powerful computers. A mainframe computer may contain several microprocessors. A single mainframe computer can be used by hundreds of people at once. Each user has his own terminal that is connected to the mainframe. Mainframe computers are usually kept in a special cooled, clean computer room. Minicomputers are medium-sized computers which are more powerful than microcomputers but not as powerful as mainframes. A mainframe computer system is usually composed of several computers in addition to the mainframe, or host processor. Minicomputers: In terms of size and processing capacity, minicomputers lie in between mainframes and microcomputers. Minicomputers are also called mid-range systems or workstations. The term began to be popularly used in the 1960s to refer to relatively smaller third generation computers.  The "age of the mini" started in the late 1960s. The creation of integrated circuits suitable for computers enabled designers to shrink the size of the computer. Minicomputers are frequently referred to as mid-range computers. Before Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) released the first DEC PDP-8 minicomputer in 1968, most medium-sized organizations were priced out of the computer market because they couldn't afford mainframe computers. Servers: They are computers designed to provide services to client machines in a computer network. They have larger storage capacities and powerful processors. Running on them are programs that serve client requests and allocate resources like memory and time to client machines. Usually they are very large in size, as they have large processors and many hard drives. They are designed to be fail-safe and resistant to crash. Supercomputers: The highly calculation-intensive tasks can be effectively performed by means of supercomputers. Quantum physics, mechanics, weather forecasting, molecular theory are best studied by means of supercomputers. Their ability of parallel processing and their well-designed 43 memory hierarchy give the supercomputers, large transaction processing powers. Supercomputers are the largest, fastest, most powerful, and most expensive computers made. Like other large systems, supercomputers can be accessed by many individuals at the same time. Supercomputers are used primarily for scientific applications that are mathematically intensive. The first supercomputer was built in the 1960s for the United States Department of Defense. Microcomputers: A computer with a microprocessor and its central processing unit it is known as a microcomputer. They do not occupy space as much as mainframes do. When supplemented with a keyboard and a mouse, microcomputers can be called personal computers. A monitor, a keyboard and other similar input output devices, computer memory in the form of RAM and a power supply unit come packaged in a microcomputer. These computers can fit on desks or tables and prove to be the best choice for single-user tasks. Personal computers come in different forms such as desktops, laptops and personal digital assistants Let us look at each of these types of computers. Desktops: A desktop is intended to be used on a single location. The spare parts of a desktop computer are readily available at relatively lower costs. Power consumption is not as critical as that in laptops. Desktops are widely popular for daily use in the workplace and households. Laptops: Similar in operation to desktops, laptop computers are miniaturized and optimized for mobile use. Laptops run on a single battery or an external adapter that charges the computer batteries. Net books: They fall in the category of laptops, but are inexpensive and relatively smaller in size. They had a smaller feature set and lesser capacities in comparison to regular laptops, at the time they came into the market.  Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs): It is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop. It has a touch screen and a memory card for storage of data. PDAs can also be used as portable audio players, web browsers and smart phones. Most of them can access the Internet by means of Bluetooth or Wi-Fi communication. Tablet Computers: Tablets are mobile computers that are very handy to use. They use the touch screen technology. Tablets come with an onscreen keyboard or use a stylus or a digital pen. Apple's iPod redefined the class of tablet computers. Wearable Computers: A record-setting step in the evolution of computers was the creation of wearable computers. These computers can be worn on the body and are often used in the study of behavior modeling and human health. Military and health professionals have incorporated wearable computers into their daily routine, as a part of such studies. When the users' hands and sensory organs are engaged in other activities, wearable computers are of great help in tracking human actions. Wearable computers do not have to be turned on and off and remain in operation without user intervention. Content Standard: The learners demonstrate an understanding of concepts and principles in installing configuring computer systems. Performance Standard: The learners shall be able to install and configure computer systems based on established procedures and system requirements Objectives: 1. Define computer. 2. Enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of computers, 3. Explain the different types and classifications of computers. Activity 1: Direction: Kindly answer this crossword puzzle below. Types of Computer Crossword Puzzle Across: 4 Minicomputers that lie in between mainframes and microcomputers. 5 Combination of both digital and analog computers. 6 Parallel processing and their well-designed memory. 7 Can only perform several mathematical operations simultaneously. 8 Computers designed to provide services to client machines in a computer network. Down: 1 The capacities to host multiple operating systems and operate as number of virtual machines and can substitute for several small servers. 2 Designed to operate on two states, namely bits 0 and 1. 3 A computer with a microprocessor and a central processing unit Activity 2: Identify the types of computer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. Computer Type of Computer 1. Quantum computer 2. IBM System/360 Model 195 3. Desktop 4. Laptop 5. Palmtop Activity 3: Direction: Direction: Answer the following items given below based on your own understanding about the lesson. 1. What are the different types of computers based on the operational principle of computers? 2. What are the classification of computers based on their sizes and functionalities? 3. Identify the different types of microcomputers/personal computers 4. Describe the different types of microcomputers. Activity 4: Directions: Draw the different types of computer in a bond paper and label it. You will be rated based on the Rubrics written below: CATEGORY EXCELLENT (3) GOOD (2) FAIR (1) Content (3 pts) Layout/Creativity/ Presentation (3pts) Cleanliness (2 pts) Effort (2 pts) Materials needed: Oslo Paper, and drawing/art materials. Attach and secure your work your with these activity sheet. Activity 5: A. Matching type: Directions: Match Column A to Column B. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. Column A Column B Types of Computers Description 1 Mainframe Computers A Used in highly critical applications such as bulk data processing 2 Minicomputers B Computers designed to provide services to client machines in a computer network. 3 Servers C A computer that is in between mainframes and microcomputers 4 Supercomputers D Has a microprocessor and a central processing unit 5 Microcomputers E Has parallel processing and a well- designed memory hierarchy 6 Hybrid F These computers are a combination of both digital and analog computers. B. Write the description of the types of microcomputers on an answer sheet. Types of Microcomputers Description 1 Desktop 1 2 Laptop 2 3 Palmtop 3 4 Tablet 4 5 Netbook 5 Assessment: Multiple Choice Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. They use digital circuits and are designed to operate on two states, namely bits 0 and 1.  a. Analog b. Digital c. Hybrid d. Desktop 2. Which of the following is a classification of computer based on operational principle? a. Mainframe b. Mini c. Micro d. Analog 3. It uses continuous variables for mathematical operations and utilizes mechanical or electrical energy. a. Supercomputers b. Analog computers c. Digital computers d. Microcomputers 4. A computer with a microprocessor and it’s a central processing unit a. Supercomputers b. Analog computers c. Digital computers d. Microcomputers 5. A computer that has the ability of parallel processing and has well-designed memory hierarchy. a. Supercomputers b. Analog computers c. Digital computers d. Microcomputers 6. They are computers designed to provide services to client machines in a computer network. a. Minicomputers b. Server computers c. Digital computers d. Microcomputers 7. These computers are a combination of both digital and analog computers. a. Analog b. Digital c. Hybrid d. Super 8. Which is NOT a type of computer? a. Analog b. Digital c. Hybrid d. Tech 9. It is a computer that can only perform several mathematical operations simultaneously. a. Analog b. Digital c. Hybrid d. Desktop 10. A device that can be used to store and process a lot of data in a shortest time. a. Analog b. Digital c. Hybrid d. Computer 11. These are computers that can be worn on the body and are often used in the study of behavior modeling and human health. a. Laptop computer b. Desktop computers c. Wearable computers d. Tablet computers 12. This is a type of computer that comes in different forms such as desktops, laptops and personal digital assistants a. Personal computers b. Digital computer  c. Hybrid computer d. Desktop computer 13. A type of microcomputer that is intended to be used on a single location a. Laptop computer b. Desktop computers’ c. Net book computers d. tablet computers 14. Computers that are miniaturized and optimized for mobile use. a. Laptop computer b. Desktop computers c. Net book computers d. Tablet computers 15. A type of computer that come with an onscreen keyboard or use a stylus or a digital pen. a. Laptop computer b. Desktop computers c. Wearable computers d. Tablet computers 16. These are mobile computers that are very handy to use. a. Laptop computers b. Desktop computers c. Personal digital assistants computers d. Tablet computers 17. It is a type of computer that has central processing unit. a. Super computer b. Digital computer c. Hybrid computer d. Microcomputer 18. These are computers that are inexpensive and relatively smaller in size. a. Laptop computers b. Desktop computers c. Wearable computers d. Tablet computers 19. It is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop. a. Laptop computer b. Desktop computer c. Personal digital assistant’s computer d. Tablet computer 20. A computer that can be run on a single battery or an external adapter that charges the computer batteries. a. Laptop computer b. Desktop computer c. Wearable computer d. Tablet computer Reflection: I understand that ______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________. I realized that ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________. References for learners: Rosalie P. Luiero and Ronaldo V. Ramilo. Computer Hardware Servicing-Grade 9 Department of Education, 2013. Prepared by MAREDES O. LUBRICA TLE Teacher