Earth And Life Science - Q1-PPT1-ELS PDF

EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE MR. JESSIE C. MORIS OBJECTIVES State Describe the structure and composition of the Universe; Explain the red-shift and how it is used as proof of an expanding universe; and Explain the Big Bang Theory and evidence supporting the theory. ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE...

EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE MR. JESSIE C. MORIS OBJECTIVES State Describe the structure and composition of the Universe; Explain the red-shift and how it is used as proof of an expanding universe; and Explain the Big Bang Theory and evidence supporting the theory. ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE CREATION AND MYTHS What is your idea of the beginning of the universe? Creation Myths A symbolic narrative of the beginning of the world as understood by a culture. Non-scientific Thought Ancient Egyptians believed in many gods and myths which narrate that the world arose from an infinite sea at the first rising of the sun. The Kuba people of Central Africa tell the story of a creator god Mbombo (or Bumba) who, alone in a dark and water-covered Earth, felt an intense stomach pain and then vomited the stars, sun, and moon. In India, there is the narrative that gods sacrificed Purusha, the primal man whose head, feet, eyes, and mind became the sky, earth, sun, and moon respectively. The monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam claim that a supreme being created the universe, including man and other living organisms. Genesis One of the books of the Hebrew Bible and Christian Old Testament, the creation of the entire cosmos (universe) took place in six days. The biblical creation story tells that the God created the universe. Genesis 1:17 (NIV) God set them in the vault of the sky to give light on the Earth ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE SCIENTIFIC THEORY Big Bang vs Steady State BIG BANG THEORY The proponent of the big bang theory were Alexander Friedmann and Georges Lemaitre in 1920. BIG BANG 13.8 Ga (giga-annum) or Billion years ago There was nothing in nowhere Due to random fluctuation in an empty void, there was a great expansion Because of the expansion space, time, energy, and matter move in all directions. Evolution of the universe according to Big bang From time zero (13.8 billion years ago) until 10-43 second later, all matter and energy in the universe existed as a hot, dense, tiny state. It then underwent extremely rapid, exponential inflation until 10-32 seconds later after which and until 10 seconds from time zero, conditions allowed the existence of only quarks, hadrons, and leptons. Then, Big Bang nucleosynthesis took place and produced protons, neutrons, atomic nuclei, and then hydrogen, helium, and lithium until 20 minutes after time zero when sufficient cooling did not allow further nucleosynthesis.  From then on until 380,000 years, the cooling universe entered a matter-dominated period when photons decoupled from matter and light could travel freely as still observed today in the form of cosmic microwave background radiation. As the universe continued to cool down, matter collected into clouds giving rise to only stars after 380,000 years and eventually galaxies would form after 100 million years from time zero during which, through nucleosynthesis in stars, carbon and elements heavier than carbon were produced.  From 9.8 billion years until the present, the universe became dark-energy dominated and underwent accelerating expansion. At about 9.8 billion years after the big bang, the solar system was formed.  HISTORY Our universe began with an explosion of space itself - the Big Bang. Starting from extremely high density and temperature, space expanded, the universe cooled, and the simplest elements formed. Gravity gradually drew matter together to form the first stars and the first galaxies. STEADY STATE THEORY The universe is constantly expanding but with a fixed average density. In this Universe model, matter is always created to form galaxies and stars at the same speed as the old ones become destroyed. The steady state theory is a theory proposed by Fred Hoyle, Herman Bondi, and Thomas Gold in 1948. COSMOLOGY MODEL Expanding Universe In 1929, Edwin Hubble announced his significant discovery of the “redshift” and its interpretation that galaxies are moving away from each other, hence as evidence for an expanding universe, just as predicted by Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity. He observed that spectral lines of starlight made to pass through a prism are shifted toward the red part of the electromagnetic spectrum, i.e., toward the band of lower frequency; thus, the inference that the star or galaxy must be moving away from us. Enrichment Direction: Answer the following question below. What is the fate of the universe? Will the universe continue to expand or will it eventually contract because of gravity? Activity no. 1 (Assessment) Direction: Write the similarities and differences of the two cosmology models. Venn Diagram BIG BANG STEADY STATE 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 3. 3. 3.  CONCEPT MAP UNIVERSE SOLAR SYSTEM 13.8 Ga ORIGINS 4.6 Ga Theories NEXT LESSON Big Bang Steady Vortex Collision Tidal Nebula Solar state theory Theory Theory r Nebula Theory r