Purple Book (Guide for Controlling ACM in Buildings)_Part 16.pdf

(c) Contaminated clothing shall be transported in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers, and labeled in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section. (e) Method of measurement. All determinations of airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers shall be made by the membrane...

(c) Contaminated clothing shall be transported in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers, and labeled in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section. (e) Method of measurement. All determinations of airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers shall be made by the membrane filter method at 400-450 x (magnification) (4 millimeter objective) with phase contrast illumination. (f) Monitoring-(1) Initial determinations. Within 6 months of the publication of this section, every employer shall cause every place of employment where asbestos fibers are released to be monitored in such a way as to determine whether every employee’s exposure to asbestos fibers is below the limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. If the limits are exceeded, the employer shall immediately undertake a compliance program in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section. (2) Personal monitonng— (i) Samples shall be collected from within the breathing zone of the employees, on membrane filters of 0.8 micrometer porosity mounted in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the 8-hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations and of the ceiling concentrations of asbestos fibers. (ii) Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by paragraph (f)(1) of this section, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of employees. In no case shall the sampling be done at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposure to asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of this section. (3) Environmental monitoring. (i) Samples shall be collected from areas of a work environment which are representative of the airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers which may reach the breathing zone of employees. Samples shall be collected on a membrane filter of 0.8 micrometer porosity mounted in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the 8-hour timeweighted average airborne concentrations and of the ceiling concentrations of asbestos fibers. (ii) Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by paragraph (f)(1) of this section, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of the employees. In no case shall sampling be at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposures to asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. (4) Employee observation of monitoring. Affected employees, or their representatives, shall be given a reasonable opportunity to observe any monitoring required by this paragraph and shall have access to the records thereof. (g) Caution signs and labels-( 1 ) Caution signs—( i) Posting. Caution signs shall be provided and displayed at each location where airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers may be in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. Signs shall be posted at such a distance from such a location so that an employee may read the signs and take necessary protective steps before entering the area marked by the signs. Signs shall be posted at all approaches to areas containing excessive concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers. (ii) Sign specifications. The warning signs required by paragraph (g)(1)(i) of this section shall conform to the requirements of 20” x 14” vertical format signs specified § 1910.145(d)(4), and to this subdivision. The signs shall display the following legend in the lower panel, with letter sizes and styles of a visibility at least equal to that specified in this subdivision. Legend Asbestos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Notation 1" Sans Serif, Gothic or Block. Dust Hazard.............................. ¾" Sans Serif, Gothic or Block. Avoid Breathing Dust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¼" Gothic. Wear Assigned Protective equip- ¼" Gothic. ment. F-3 Legend Notation Do Not Remain in Area Unless ¼" Gothic Your Work Requires It. Breathing Asbestos Dust May Be 14 Point Gothic. Hazardous To Your Health. Spacing between lines shall be at least equal to the height of the upper of any two lines. (2) Caution labels-(i) Labeling. Caution labels shall be affixed to all raw materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, and other products containing asbestos fibers, or to their containers, except that no label is required where asbestos fibers have been modified by a bonding agent, coating, binder, or other material so that during any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, storage, disposal, processing, or transportation, no airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section will be released. (ii) Label specifications. The caution labels required by paragraph (g)(2)(i) of this section shall be printed in letters of sufficient size and contrast a s to be readily visible and legible. The label shall state: CAUTION Contains Asbestos Fibers Avoid Creating Dust Breathing Asbestos Dust May Cause Serious Bodily Harm (h) Housekeeping-(1) Cleaning. All external surfaces in any place of employment shall be maintained free of accumulations of asbestos fibers if, with their dispersion, there would be an excessive concentration. (2) Waste disposal Asbestos waste, scrap, debris, bags, containers, equipment, and asbestos-contaminated clothing, consigned for disposal, which may produce in any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, storage, processing, disposal, or transportation airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section shall be collected and disposed of in sealed Impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers. (i) Recordkeeping-(1) Exposure records. Every employer shall main- F-4 tain records of any personal or environmental monitoring required by this section. Records shall be maintained for a period of at least 20 years and shall be made available upon request to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and t o a u t h o r i z e d representatives of either. (2) Access. Employee exposure records required by this paragraph shall be provided upon request to employees, designated representatives, and the Assistant Secretary in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.20 (a)-(e) and (g)-(l). (3) Employee notification. Any employee found to have been exposed at any time to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section shall be notified in writing of the exposure as soon as practicable but not later than 5 days of the finding. The employee shall also be timely notified of the corrective action being taken. (j) Medical examinations-(1) General. The employer shall provide or make available at his cost, medical examinations relative to exposure to asbestos required by this paragraph. (2) Preplacement. The employer shall provide or make available to each of his employees, within 30 calendar days following his first employment in an occupation exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical examination, which shall include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiatory volume at 1 second (FEV1.0). (3) A n n u a l e x a m i n a t i o n s . O n o r before January 31, 1973, and at least annually thereafter, every employer shall provide, or make available, comprehensive medical examinations to each of his employees engaged In occupations exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers. Such annual examination shall include, as a minimum. a chest roentgenogram (posteri- or-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiatory volume at 1 second (FEW,..). (4) Termination of employment. T h e employer shall provide, or make available, within 30 calendar days before or after the termination of employment of any employee engaged in an occupation exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical examination which shall include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include foreed vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiatory v o l u m e a t 1 s e c o n d (FEW,..). (5) Recent examinations. No medical examination is required of any employee, if adequate records show that the employee has been examined in F-5 accordance with this paragraph within the past l-year period. (6) Medical r e c o r d s — ( i ) M a i n t e nance. Employers of employees examined pursuant to this paragraph shall cause to be maintained complete and accurate records of all such medical examinations. Records shall be retained by employers for at least 20 years. (ii) Access. Records of the medical examinations required by this paragraph shall be provided upon request to employees, designated representatives, and the Assistant Secretary in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.20 (a)(e) and (g)-(i). These records shall also be provided upon the request to the Director of NIOSH. Any physician who conducts a medical examination required by this paragraph shall furnish to the employer of the examined employee all the information specifically required by this paragraph, and any other medical information related to occupational exposure to asbestos fibers. Appendix G. Specifications for Sampling Materials and Selecting a Qualified Laboratory to Analyze for Asbestos G.1 Collecting Samples Taking a sample of ACM can damage the material and cause significant release of fibers. The following guidelines are designed to minimize both damage and fiber release. 1 ● Wear at least a half-face respirator with disposable filters (see Section 5.1). ● Wet the surface of the material to be sampled with water from a spray bottle or place a plastic bag around the sampler. ● Sample with a reusable sampler such as a cork borer or a single-use sampler such as a glass vial. (Figure G-1 shows a single-use sampler constructed from an acrylic tube.) ● With a twisting motion, slowly push the sampler into the material. Be sure to penetrate any paint or protective coating and all the layers of the material. ● For reusable samplers, extract and eject the sample into a container. Wet-wipe the tube and plunger. For single-use samplers, extract, wet-wipe the exterior, and cap it. ● Label the container. ● Clean debris using wet towels and discard them in a plastic bag. ● For surfacing material, use latex paint or a sealant to cover the sample area. For pipe and boiler insulation, use a nonasbestos mastic. Figure G-1 - Sampler/ container G.2 Selecting a Qualified Laboratory The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) runs a bulk asbestos sample quality assurance program. Updated lists of participating laboratories, their performance scores, and further information on the program are available from the Asbestos Technical Information Service at (800) 334-8571 (Extension 6741). 1 The guidelines are based on information in John T. Jankovic, “Asbestos Bulk Sampling Procedure." American lnduatrial Hygiene Association, 46, B-8 to B-10, 1985. G-1 Appendix H. Definition and Description of Factors for Assessing the Need for Corrective Action* H.1 Condition of the Asbestos-Containing Material H.1.1 Factors 1 and 2: Deterioration or Delamination and Physical Damage An assessment of the condition should evaluate : the quality of the installation, the adhesion of the friable material to the underlying substrate, deterioration, and damage from vandalism or Evidence of debris on horizontal surfaces, any other cause. hanging material, dislodged chunks, scraping, indentations, or cracking are indicators of poor material condition. Accidental or deliberate physical contact with the friable material can result in damage. Inspectors should look for any evidence that the asbestos-containing material has been disturbed: finger marks in the material, graffiti, pieces dislodged or missing, scrape marks from movable equipment or furniture, or accumulation of the friable material on floors, shelves, or other horizontal surfaces. Asbestos-containing material may deteriorate as a result of either the quality of the installation or environmental factors which affect the cohesive strength of the asbestos-containing material or the strength of the adhesion to the substrate. Deterioration can result in the accumulation of dust on the surface of the asbestos(i.e.. delamination of the material containing material, separating into layers), or an adhesive failure of the material where it pulls away from the substrate and either hangs loosely or falls to the floor and exposes the substrate. Inspectors should touch the asbestos-containing material and determine if dust is released when the material is lightly brushed or rubbed. If the coated surface "gives" when slight hand pressure is applied or the material moves up and down with light pushing, the asbestoscontaining material is no longer tightly bonded to its substrate. H.1.2 Factor 3: Water Damage Water damage is usually caused by roof leaks, particularly in buildings with flat roofs or a concrete slab and steel beam construction. Skylights can also be significant sources of leaks. Water damage can also result from plumbing leaks and water or high humidity in the vicinity of pools, locker rooms, and lavatories. *The information in this Appendix is taken, with modification, from Brandner, W. October 1982. Asbestos Exposure Assessment in Buildings Inspection Manual. Kansas City, MO: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region VII.