Purple Book (Guide for Controlling ACM in Buildings) Part 12 PDF

REFERENCES Chatfield EJ. 1983. Measurement of asbestos fibre concentrations in ambient atmospheres. Ont., Can.: Ont. Research Foundation. Chesson J, Margeson DP, Ogden J, Reichenbach NG, Bauer K, Constant PC, Bergman FJ, Rose DP Atkinson GR, Lentzen DE. 1985a. Evaluation of asbestos abatement techn...

REFERENCES Chatfield EJ. 1983. Measurement of asbestos fibre concentrations in ambient atmospheres. Ont., Can.: Ont. Research Foundation. Chesson J, Margeson DP, Ogden J, Reichenbach NG, Bauer K, Constant PC, Bergman FJ, Rose DP Atkinson GR, Lentzen DE. 1985a. Evaluation of asbestos abatement techniques, phase 1: removal. Final report. Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances and Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Contracts 68-01-6721, 68-02-3938 and 68-02-3767. Chesson J, Margeson DP Ogden J, Bauer K, Constant PC, Bergman FJ, Rose DP. 1985b. Evaluation of asbestos abatement techniques; phase 2: encapsulation. Draft report. Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances, USEPA. Contracts 68-01-6721 and 68-02-3938. Lory EE. 1980. Asbestos friable insulation material (FIM) risk evaluation procedure for Navy facilities. Port Hueneme, CA: Civil Engineering Laboratory, US. Navy. NRC. 1984. National Research Council. Asbestiform fibers, non-occupational health risks. Washington, DC: National Academy. Nicholson WJ. 1984. Asbestos health assessment update. Washington, DC: USEPA. NIOSH. 1972. Natl. Inst. Occupational Safety and Health. Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational exposure to asbestos. U.S. Dept. Health, Education, and Welfare. NIOSH. 1979. Natl. Institute Occupational Safety and Health. USPHS/NIOSH membrane filter method for evaluating airborne asbestos fibers. U.S. Dept. Health, Education, and Welfare. Pinchin DJ. 1982. Asbestos in buildings. Mississauga, Ont., Can.: Ontario Research Foundation. Royal Commission on Matters of Health and Safety Arising from the use of Asbestos in Ontario. 1984.3 Vols. Toronto, Ont., Can.: Ont. Ministry of the Attorney General. USEPA. 1977 (rev. June 1978). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Electron microscope measurement of airborne asbestos concentrations. Research Triangle Park, NC: Office of Research and Development, USEPA. EPA-600/2-77-178. USEPA. 1979. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Asbestos-containing materials in school buildings: a guidance document, part 1. Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances, USEPA. USEPA. 1980a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Asbestos-containing materials in school buildings, guidance for asbestos analytical programs. Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances, USEPA. EPA-560/13-80-017A . USEPA. 1980b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Asbestos-containing materials in schools, economic impact analysis of identification and notification proposed rule, Sec. 6, TSCA. Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances, USE PA. EPA-560/12-80-004. USEPA. 1981. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Evaluation of encapsulant for sprayed-on asbestoscontaining materials in buildings. Summary. Cincinnati, OH: Office of Research and Development, USEPA. USEPA. 1983a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Guidance for controlling friable asbestos-containing materials in buildings. Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances, USEPA. EPA-.560/5-83-002. R-1 USE PA. 1983b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Airborne asbestos levels in schools. Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances, USEPA. EPA-560/5-83-003. USEPA. 1984a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Evaluation of the EPA asbestos-in-schools identification and notification rule. Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances, USEPA. EPA 560/5-84-005. USEPA. 1984b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Asbestos in buildings: national survey of asbestoscontaining friable materials. Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances, USEPA. EPA 560/5-84-006. USEPA. 1985a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Asbestos in buildings: guidance for service and maintenance personnel. Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances, USEPA. EPA 560/5-85-018. USEPA. 1985b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Measuring airborne asbestos following an abatement action. Washington, DC: Office of Research and Development and Office of Toxic Substances, USEPA. Versar Inc. 1980. Exposure to commercial asbestos, sec 3: comparability of asbestos data. Preliminary draft report. Washington, DC: Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Contract No. 68-01-5791. Yamate G, Agarwal SC, Gibbons RD. 1984. Methodology for the measurement of airborne asbestos by electron microscopy. Draft report. Washington, DC: Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Contract No. 68-02-3266. R-2 Appendix A. Asbestos-Containing Materials Found in Buildings* Subdivision Surfacing material Generic name sprayed- or troweled-on Preformed thermal insulating products batts, blocks, and pipe covering Textiles Cementitious concrete-like products Paper products Roofing felts Dates of use Asbestos (%) 1-95 1935-1970 85% magnesia 15 calcium silicate cloth a blankets (fire)a felts: blue stripe red stripe green stripe sheets cord/rope/yarn a tubing tape/strip curtains a (theatre, welding) 6-8 extrusion panels: corrugated flat flexible flexible perforated laminated (outer surface) roof tiles clapboard and shingles: clapboard siding shingles roofing shingles pipe Binder/sizing sodium silicate, portland cement, organic binders. magnesium carbonate 1926- 1949 1949- 1971 calcium silicate 100 90-95 80 90 95 50-95 80-100 80-85 90 1910-present 1920-present 1920-present 1920-present 1920-present 1920-present 1920-present 1920-present 1920-present none cotton/wool cotton cotton cotton cotton/wool cotton/wool cotton/wool cotton/wool 60-65 1945-present cotton 8 20-45 40-50 30-50 30-50 35-50 1965-1977 1930-present 1930-present 1930-present 1930-present 1930-present portland cement portland cement portland cement portland cement portland cement portland cement 20-30 930-present portland cement 12-15 12-14 20-32 20-15 1944-1945 unknown–present unknown-present 1935-mesent portland portland protland portland corrugated: high temperature moderate temperature Indented mill board 90 35-70 98 80-85 1935-present 1910-present 1935-present 1925-present sodium silicate starch cotton and organic binder starch, lime, clay smooth surface mineral surface shingles pipeline 10-15 10-15 1 10 1910-present 1910–present 1971-1974 1920-present asphalt asphalt asphalt asphalt cement cement cement cement * The information in this Appendix is taken, with modification, from: Lory EE, Coin DC. February 1981. Management Procedure for Assessment of Friable Asbestos Insulating Material. Port Hueneme, CA: Civil Engineering Laboratory Naval Construction Battalion Center. The U.S. Navy prohibits the use of asbestos-containing materials when acceptable nonasbestos substitutes have been identified. a Laboratory aprons, gloves, cord, rope, fire blankets, and curtains may be common in schools. A-1 Appendix A. (continued) Subdivision Asbestos-containing compounds Generic name caulking putties adhesive (cold applied) joint compound roofing asphalt mastics asphalt tile cement roof putty plaster/stucco spackles Asbestos (%) 30 5-25 Asbestos ebony products Flooring tile and Sheet Goods vinyl/asbestos tile asphalt/asbestos tile sheet goods/resilient Wallcovering vinyl wallpaper Paints and coatings roof coating air tight 50-55 20-100 55 15 50 1935-present 1900-1973 1920-1973 1926-1950 1930-present 21 26-33 30 1950-present 1920-present 1950-present poly(vinyl)chloride asphalt dry oils 6-8 4-7 15 A-2 Binder/sizing linseed oil asphalt asphalt asphalt asphalt asphalt asphalt portland cement starch, casein, synthetic resins caster oil or polyisobutyler clay clay magnesium carbonate portland cement 5 5-25 13-25 10-25 2-10 3-5 sealants fire/water cement, insulation cement, finishing cement, magnesia Dates of use 1930-present 1945-present 1945-1975 unknown-present 1 920-present 1959-present unknown-present unknown–present 1930-1975 unknown-present 1900-present 1940-present asphalt asphalt Appendix B. Common Units Used in Measuring Airborne Asbestos Concentrations Length 1 meter (m) = 39.37 inches or 3.28 feet 100 centimeters (cm) = 1 meter 1,000,000 micrometers (µm) = 1 meter Volume 3 = 35.3 cubic feet 1 cubic m (m ) 3 1,000,000 cm = 1 m 3 3 1,000 cm = 1 liter Weight (mass) 454 grams (g) = 1 pound 1,000,000,000 nanograms (ng) = 1 gram Concentration (mass contained in a stated volume) 3 2 fibers per cm (the current 8-hour OSHA industrial standard) means that 2 fibers are 3 3 3 present in each cm of air. Since there are 1,000,000cm in 1 m , there would be 2,000,000 3 fibers in a m . 3 If each fiber is chrysotile asbestos (density of 0.0026 ng/µm ) and is just long and thick enough to be detected by the NIOSH procedure for determining compliance with the OSHA standard (5 µm in length and 0.3 µm in diameter), it would weight 0.0092 ng: Mass = π /4 (diameter) (length) (density) 2 π /4 (0.3 µm) (5 µm) (0.0026 ng/µm ) = 0.0092 ng 2 3 A total of 2,000,000 of these fibers would weigh about 1,800 ng. Since the fibers in the above example are the smallest (shortest and thinnest) counted by the NIOSH procedure, fibers actually measured using this protocol are typically larger and thus weigh more. Comparison of fibers in this example with those actually measured is further complicated since nonasbestos as well as asbestos fibers are counted by the NIOSH protocol. As noted in the footnote to Figure 1, comparisons of total fibers counted with the mass of B-1