World Englishes and Bias-Free Language PDF

Purposive Communication- Week 5 WORLD ENGLISHES AND BIAS-FREE LANGUAGE  Agenda 01 02 03 World Philippine Bias-Free Englishes English Language World Englishes  World Englishes The var...

Purposive Communication- Week 5 WORLD ENGLISHES AND BIAS-FREE LANGUAGE  Agenda 01 02 03 World Philippine Bias-Free Englishes English Language World Englishes  World Englishes The variations of English used in different sociolinguistic situations are identified by scholars of world englishes through an analysis of their background, function, history, and influence.  World Englishes This concept clearly described in the 3 concentric circles (Kachru, 1982). It maps the growth and spread of English in the world into different circles World Englishes  Inner Circle The inner circle refers to the traditional bases of English where the language is the native language or L1 of the countries such as United Kingdom, USA and Canada.  Outer Circle The outer circle consists of a large speech community with great diversity and distinct characteristics (Singapore, Philippines and India)  Expanding Circle The expanding circle refers to the countries where English is a foreign language such as China, Japan, Korea, etc. Philippine English  Philippine English While Philippine English and Commonwealth English are somewhat similar, Philippine English has historically used American English spelling and grammar.  Philippine English According to Dayag (in Dapat & Chang , 2018) It is associated with a distinct accent, a localized vocabulary and even a body of creative writing by Filipino writers in English.  AMERICAN ENGLISH VS. PHILIPPINE ENGLISH Turn on/off the light Open/Close the light Fill out a form Fill up a form Restroom/Washroom Comfort Room / CR Fridge Ref Toaster / Toaster Oven Oven Toaster Sneakers Rubber Shoes Presidential Candidate Presidentiable All-you-can-eat Eat-all-you-can Salvage (to save) Salvage (to assassinate) Commuter (someone who travels Commuter (someone who travels by car or public transport) by public transport) Simpler Simplier / Simply-er Safety (noun) Safety (adjective) Homebody Home buddy I already (verb in past tense) I (verb in past tense) already  high blood load dirty kitchen brownout aircon boodle fight tricycle UV love life Varieties of Philippine English 01 Acrolectal 02 Mesolectal 03 Basilectal  Acrolectal Philippine Language It is associated with academics, bilinguals from English-speaking homes and English majors at university level.  Mesolectal Philippine English It is spoken by professionals who are non- English majors and who mostly use English in the workplace, and who display noticeably Philippine accent.  Basilectal Philippine English It typically differs from the standard language in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar, and can often develop into different language. Bias-Free Language To write in a culturally sensitive way means to be aware that cultural differences and similarities between people exist and that these should not be assigned a positive or negative value via words and descriptions selected in writing General principles to consider in Bias-Free Language  Race and Ethnicity Racism is a form of discrimination against a person of different race.  Race and Ethnicity Race is an emotionally charged topic, so it is best to tread carefully with language used and refer to race, as Patricia Arinto asserts “ only if it is relevant”  Gender and Sexual Orientation Sexism refers to the prejudice and discrimination based on sex or gender.  Gender and Sexual Orientation To be inclusive of all people in general references, one should favor gender- neutral words over gender-bias words.  Gender and Sexual Orientation Gender - social construct and social identity affected by cultural associations. Sex - the biological sex assignment, often referred to as sex assigned at birth. Gender identity - a person’s psychological sense of their gender  Gender and Sexual Orientation Gender identity - a person’s psychological sense of their gender Sexual orientation - a person’s sexual and emotional attraction to another person.  Social Class Classism (or class discrimination): is the institutional, cultural and individual set of practices and beliefs that assign differential value to people according to their socioeconomic class; and an economic system  Age Ageism is a form of discrimination against other people because of their age, or assuming that older people are less physically, intellectually or emotionally able than other age groups.  Disability Discrimination in this area often arises because of lack understanding and awareness Disability 01 The terms impairment, disability, and handicap are not synonymous. Be sensitive to the meaning of each. 02 Disabilities may be the result of either injury or disease — often a disease long past. Disabled people should not automatically be viewed as sick or having a disease. 03 Put people first, not their disabilities. Ex: The student, who is visually impaired, used a special keyboard. Prepared by: Kris Vergl Z. Cruz, LPT [email protected]