Psychobiology Table PDF

Psychobiology Table (Organized by Neurotransmitter) Neurotransmitter Origin in Brain/Location in Function Symptoms of Deficit Symptoms of Excess Related Psychiatric Disorder...

Psychobiology Table (Organized by Neurotransmitter) Neurotransmitter Origin in Brain/Location in Function Symptoms of Deficit Symptoms of Excess Related Psychiatric Disorder & Brain/Pathways Classification Dopamine Produced in substantia Thinking Mild: Mild: Schizophrenia (DA) nigra (basal ganglia) – Decision making Poor impulse control Improved creativity tyrosine is precursor Reward-seeking behavior Poor spatiality Ability to generalize Substance Abuse Monoamine Fine muscle action Lack of abstract thinking Improved spatiality Localized in CNS Purposeful behavior Parkinson’s disease Integrated cognition Severe: Severe: Nigrostriatal Endocrine alterations Disorganized thinking Mesolimbic Movement disorders Loose associations Mesocortical Tics Tuberofundibular Stereotypic behavior Norepinephrine Produced in locus Alertness Dullness Anxiety Depression (deficit) (NE) coeruleus (pons) – tyrosine Focused attention Low energy Hyperalertness Mania (excess) is precursor Orientation Depressive affect Increased startle Monoamine Primes “fight-flight” Paranoia Schizophrenia Located in discrete, Learning Decreased appetite specific brain areas and in Memory periphery Energy  locus coeruleus Motivation  hippocampus, amygdala, Stamina cerebral cortex Sleep-wake cycle  in SNS – fight or flight Feeding behavior Endocrine function Serotonin Produced in raphe nuclei Regulation of sleep-wake Irritability Sedation Depression (5HT) in brain stem – tryptophan cycle Hostility Increased aggression OCD is precursor Pain perceptions Depression Hallucinations (rare) Schizophrenia Monoamine Mood states & regulation Sleep dysregulation Diffuse pathways of aggression Loss of appetite  concentrations in Cognition, memory, Loss of libido hippocampus, thalamus, perception & attention and amygdala Temperature Widely dispersed in Libido cerebral cortex - PFC Precursor for melatonin Feeding behavior Neuroendocrine secretion Hallucinogenesis Neurotransmitter Origin in Brain/Location in Function Symptoms of Deficit Symptoms of Excess Related Psychiatric Disorder / Brain/Pathways Classification Acetylcholine Not produced in neurons – Attention Lack of inhibition Over-inhibition DEFECIT (Ach) transported to brain via Memory Decreased memory Anxiety Alzheimer’s disease low affinity and high Thirst Euphoria Depression Impaired memory Monoamine affinity process Mood regulation Antisocial action Somatic complaints Found in periphery and REM sleep Speech decrease Self-consciousness EXCESS CNS Sexual behavior Depression Muscle tone Anxiety Found diffusely in brain – few cholinergic neurons found in cortex  concentrations in basal ganglia and motor cortex γ- aminobutyric GABA neurons found Brain’s major inhibitory Irritability Reduced cellular excitability Anxiety Disorders acid throughout brain – used in neurotransmitter Hostility Sedation (GABA) many pathways Tension and worry Impaired memory Reduces arousal Anxiety Amino acid Reduces aggression Seizure Activity Reduces anxiety Reduces excitation Glutamate Almost every area of the Brain's major excitatory Poor memory Kindling Bipolar Disorder brain contains glutamate neurotransmitter - kindling Low energy Seizures Psychosis from ischemic and its receptors AMPA Memory Distractible neurotoxicity and NMDA - used in many Sustained automatic Epilepsy pathways functions Schizophrenia