PSYC 2300 Chapter 14: Substance Use and Gambling Disorders PDF

Chapter 14 Substance Use and Gambling Disorders  Announcements  The Final exam is scheduled for Wednesday, December 11th in MON 104 at 6:00pm and will cover Chapters 10, 11, 12, and 14. You will have 60 minutes to complete 60 multiple choice questions.  You must bring a laptop to...

Chapter 14 Substance Use and Gambling Disorders  Announcements  The Final exam is scheduled for Wednesday, December 11th in MON 104 at 6:00pm and will cover Chapters 10, 11, 12, and 14. You will have 60 minutes to complete 60 multiple choice questions.  You must bring a laptop to the exam! No materials are allowed during the exam.  Chapters 10, 11, 12, and 14 quizzes are due by Friday, December 6th, 11:59pm.  You can use the Discussion Board, attend office hours, or email me with any questions leading up to the exam.  Etiology: Behavioral/Cognitive  According to behaviorists, operant conditioning may play a key role in substance abuse.  Tension Reduction Hypothesis  Self-medication Hypothesis  Cognitive theorists further argue that such rewards eventually produce an expectancy that substances will be rewarding, which motivates individuals to increase drug use at times of tension.  Expectancy-based Theory  Sociocultural Perspective  Familial factors  Ethnic/Racial treatment disparities  Social Learning Theory: Modeling  High stress environments/low SES  Treatments for Substance Use Disorders: Biological Treatments  Antianxiety drugs, antidepressants, and drug antagonists  Antagonist drugs: Block or change the effects of the addictive drug, reducing the desire for it  Antabuse, naloxone/naltrexone  Methadone maintenance programs  Achieving gradual withdrawal from heroin with methadone  Methadone: Opioid that is less potent and has less long-lasting effects than heroin when taken orally  Blocks withdrawal without intoxication effects  Psychosocial Treatments for Substance Use Disorders  Behavioral Treatments  Aversive classical conditioning, covert sensitization therapy, cue exposure with response prevention, contingency management  Can be used alone or with medication  Cognitive Treatments  Interventions based on the cognitive models help clients identify:  Situations in which they are most likely to drink and lose control over their drinking  Their expectations that alcohol will help them cope in those situations  Motivational Interviewing  Elicits and solidifies clients’ motivation and commitment  Treatments for Substance Use Disorders: Psychosocial Treatments  Relapse prevention  Abstinence violation effect: Sense of conflict and guilt when violating abstinence and tendency to attribute a violation of abstinence to a lack of willpower and self-control  Contributes to relapse  Relapse prevention programs: Teach people who abuse alcohol to view slips as temporary and situationally caused  Alcoholics Anonymous (AA): Organization created by and for people with alcohol-related problems  Comparing Treatments  Project MATCH compared three interventions designed to help people with alcohol use disorder  Cognitive-behavioral intervention  Motivational interviewing and enhancement  12-step program based on AA model led by professional counselors  Results of MATCH showed the three interventions were equally effective in reducing drinking behavior and preventing relapse  Another study found combination of psychosocial intervention with medication did not yield better outcomes than individual therapies  Prevention Programs  High schools and colleges often have programs to reduce drinking and drinking-related problems  Harm reduction model: Focus education on the immediate risks of excess and the payoffs of moderation  Challenge effects of drinking on social skills and sexual behavior  Teaches alternate ways for reducing negative emotional states  Role-playing to address peer pressure and high- risk situations  Gambling Disorder  People with gambling disorder can have periods where symptoms subside.  Younger age and male sex are risk factors but symptoms for gambling disorder could begin at any age. Trauma and social inequality, particularly in females, may also be risk factors. Low income, unemployment, and poverty are also linked to gambling disorder.  What about treatment?  Internet Gaming Disorder 1. Preoccupation with gaming 2. Withdrawal symptoms when gaming is taken away or not possible (sadness, anxiety, irritability) 3. Tolerance, the need to spend more time gaming to satisfy the urge 4. Inability to reduce playing, unsuccessful attempts to quit gaming 5. Giving up other activities, loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities due to gaming 6. Continuing to game despite problems 7. Deceiving family members or others about the amount of time spent on gaming 8. The use of gaming to relieve negative moods, such as guilt or hopelessness