Psych 201 Psilocybin Notes PDF

Psych 201 Psilocybin Notes What is it (make up, origin, street names, etc.) and where do you get it (a friend, a dealer, at a party)? - Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) are typically specific types of mushrooms (psilocybe mushrooms), found on nearly every continent, whic...

Psych 201 Psilocybin Notes What is it (make up, origin, street names, etc.) and where do you get it (a friend, a dealer, at a party)? - Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) are typically specific types of mushrooms (psilocybe mushrooms), found on nearly every continent, which users commonly consume in a dried or powdered form (Abuse, 2024) - The earliest evidence of psilocybin use dates as far back as 3000 B.C.; indigenous people in Central America are said to have used psilocybin for healing and spiritual rituals (Abuse, 2024) - Street names include Magic Mushrooms, Shrooms, and Mushrooms (United States Drug Enforcement Administration, 2019) - Psilocybin can be found at raves, clubs, and on college campuses (through illicit sources like dealers) (National Drug Intelligence Center, 2006) - Psilocybin is accessible online, as of recently (Murray, 2019) - Has been legalized in some states for medicinal use (Murray, 2019) Who uses it? (according to stats, what gender, age, nationality is likely to use this - A study on the lifetime prevalence of psilocybin revealed that 9.68% of U.S. adults reported lifetime use of psilocybin (Yockey & King, 2021) o “When compared to Non-Hispanic White individuals, African Americans, Hispanics, and other/Mixed individuals were less likely to have ever used psilocybin” (Yockey & King, 2021) o “One study found that among Hispanic college students, psilocybin was the number one club drug used” (Resor & Cooper, 2010) o “Nearly two-thirds of individuals who have ever used Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), methamphetamine, and/or heroin also reportedly used psilocybin.” (Yockey & King, 2021) ▪ “Individuals using marijuana 22 times more likely to have ever used psilocybin” (Yockey & King, 2021) o “Conversely, our findings also found that lifetime use increased as more education was attained, with college education being the biggest association. Our findings corroborate international findings suggesting a high prevalence of psilocybin use among college individuals” (Yockey & King, 2021)  o “Individuals who reported their health as “good” or “fair/poor” were significantly less likely to have ever used psilocybin.” (Yockey & King, 2021) o “We found that compared to individuals who identify as heterosexual, individuals who identify as bisexual are at highest risk for lifetime use, although a high percentage of gay/lesbian individuals (16.5%) report lifetime use of psilocybin” (Yockey & King, 2021) ▪ “As societal pressures to “fit in” to the dominant population, minorities reported elevated stress and therefore turn to deleterious health habits to cope with negative affect. Psilocybin has been noted to reduce anxious states and stressful feelings (Goldberg, Pace, Nicholas, Raison, & Hutson, 2020) and may explain this association.” (Yockey & King, 2021) What does it do to your brain, your body? - Physical effects typically appear within 20 minutes and can last up to 6 hours (National Drug Intelligence Center, 2006) o Physical side effects include: nausea, vomittng, muscle weakness, drowsiness, lack of coordination, raised blood pressure, raised heart rate (Abuse, 2024) o Numbness, usually in the face o Increased heart rate and blood pressure o Dry mouth o Nausea and vomiting o Profuse sweating o High body temperature o Loss of urinary control o Muscle weakness (Murray, 2019) - Altered perception of reality (seeing or hearing things that are not real or losing sense of time and space), dreamlike/euphoric state, potentially different sense of self, potentially having visions or reliving memories (Abuse, 2024) - Visual and auditory hallucinations - Psychosis - Synesthesia (mixing up senses) - Altered perception - Elevated, euphoric mood - Anxiety  - Paranoia - Sense of inflated well-being (Murray, 2019) - People who take psilocybins may also experience a “bad trip” which is characterized by effects like extreme fear, anxiety, panic, or paranoia (Abuse, 2024) What are the long-term risks? - There is typically little risk long-term, however individuals with mental health issues such as a history of psychosis or bipolar disorder are at a higher risk of psychosis or suicide (Abuse, 2024)  References Abuse, N. I. on D. (2024, January 24). Psilocybin (Magic Mushrooms) | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Nida.nih.gov. https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/psilocybin-magic- mushrooms#what-is-psilocybin Murray, K. (2019). Psilocybin Mushrooms Addiction, Abuse, and Treatment - AddictionCenter. AddictionCenter. https://www.addictioncenter.com/drugs/hallucinogens/psilocybin- mushrooms/ National Drug Intelligence Center. (2006, January 1). Psilocybin Fast Facts. Www.justice.gov. https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs6/6038/index.htm Resor, M. R., & Cooper, T. V. (2010). Club Drug Use in Hispanic College Students. American Journal on Addictions, no-no. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2010.00054.x United States Drug Enforcement Administration. (2019). Psilocybin. Dea.gov. https://www.dea.gov/factsheets/psilocybin Yockey, A., & King, K. (2021). Use of psilocybin (“mushrooms”) among US adults: 2015–2018. Journal of Psychedelic Studies, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2020.00159